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  • 1
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    Influence of seismogenic source geometrical accuracy on PTHA: a test case for the Calabrian subduction interface (2017)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-22
    Description: Exploring different degrees of complexities in the geometry of seismic tsunami sources is a key point to optimize Probabilistc Tsunami Hazard Analyis (PTHA), as fault geometry can have an impact on the generated tsunami. In this regard, one major difficulty is represented by the potentially tsunamigenic offshore faults that are generally poorly constrained and consequently the geometry is often oversimplified as a planar fault. We present compared scenarios of PTHA for ruptures located in the Calabrian subduction interface using different source models. The Calabrian subduction, located in the Mediterranean Sea, has occasionally be blamed to have generated some past large earthquakes and tsunamis, despite it shows no sign of significant seismic activity on the shallow portion of the interface. Significant in-slab seismicity is recorded below 40 km depth and a rate of 1-5 mm/yr characterize the convergence between the two plates involved, Africa and Europe. A 3D model of the subduction interface was obtained from the original interpretation of a grid of ca. 60 (9000 km length) seismic reflection profiles (Spectrum – INGV collaborative framework CA-60) coupled with the detailed analysis of the seismicity, providing a highly detailed 3D surface geometry for the first 100 km depth. This model includes both the first order information on the curvature and changes in strike and an accurate reconstruction of the 3D subduction interface, and can be scaled to different levels of detail. We compare simplified planar vs 3D models with different degrees of geometrical complexities in order to estimate the effect of the source geometry on the tsunami generation and propagation pattern.
    Description: TSUMAPS-NEAM Project, co-financed by the European Union Civil Protection Mechanism, Agreement Number: ECHO/SUB/2015/718568/PREV26; Italian Flagship Project RITMARE
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: Wien
    Description: 5T. Modelli di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Keywords: Tsunami ; PTHA ; Seismogenic source ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 2
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    How much does geometry of seismic sources matter in tsunami modeling? A sensitivity analysis for the Calabrian subduction interface (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-22
    Description: The geometry of seismogenic sources could be one of the most important factors concurring to control the generation and the propagation of earthquake-generated tsunamis and their effects on the coasts. Since the majority of potentially tsunamigenic earthquakes occur offshore, the corresponding faults are generally poorly constrained and, consequently, their geometry is often oversimplified as a planar fault. The rupture area of mega-thrust earthquakes in subduction zones, where most of the greatest tsunamis have occurred, extends for tens to hundreds of kilometers both down dip and along strike, and generally deviates from the planar geometry. Therefore, the larger the earthquake size is, the weaker the planar fault assumption become. In this work, we present a sensitivity analysis aimed to explore the effects on modeled tsunamis generated by seismic sources with different degrees of geometric complexities. We focused on the Calabrian subduction zone, located in the Mediterranean Sea, which is characterized by the convergence between the African and European plates, with rates of up to 5 mm/yr. This subduction zone has been considered to have generated some past large earthquakes and tsunamis, despite it shows only in-slab significant seismic activity below 40 km depth and no relevant seismicity in the shallower portion of the interface. Our analysis is performed by defining and modeling an exhaustive set of tsunami scenarios located in the Calabrian subduction and using different models of the subduction interface with increasing geometrical complexity, from a planar surface to a highly detailed 3D surface. The latter was obtained from the interpretation of a dense network of seismic reflection profiles coupled with the analysis of the seismicity distribution. The more relevant effects due to the inclusion of 3D complexities in the seismic source geometry are finally highlighted in terms of the resulting tsunami impact.
    Description: Unpublished
    Description: New Orleans
    Description: 1T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 5T. Modelli di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Keywords: tsunami ; seismic source geometry ; 03.03. Physical ; 04.07. Tectonophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Poster session
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  • 3
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    Comparing the tsunamigenic potential of two alternative earthquake rupture scenarios in the Ionian Sea (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-12
    Description: Description of tsunami numerical simulations to verify if a hypothetical earthquake rupture on the Alfeo Fault System could generate a significant tsunami in the Ionian Sea.
    Description: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia
    Description: Published
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Keywords: Earthquake ; Tsunami ; Numerical Simulation ; Alfeo Fault System ; Calabrian Arc ; Sicily ; Ionian Sea ; Italy ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 4
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    Progetto SPOT - Sismicità Potenzialmente Innescabile Offshore e Tsunami: Report integrato di fine progetto (2020)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-27
    Description: Il progetto SPOT (Sismicità Potenzialmente innescabile Offshore e Tsunami) è stato sviluppato con lo scopo di supportare le Autorità italiane nell'applicazione della Direttiva Europea sulla sicurezza delle operazioni in mare nel settore degli idrocarburi (2013/30/EU), su fondi di cui art. 35 del Decreto Legge 83/2012, e dei decreti italiani che ne derivano (Antoncecchi et al., 2019). Il progetto, della durata di 21 mesi, è stato ideato e finanziato dal Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico italiano – Direzione Generale per la sicurezza delle attività minerarie ed energetiche (DGS-UNMIG) nell’ambito della rete di ricerca CLYPEA, con il supporto tecnico del Dipartimento della Protezione Civile nazionale.
    Description: Attività svolta nell'ambito del programma CLYPEA - Innovation Network for Future Energy, finanziato dal Ministero dello Sviluppo Economico su fondi per la "sicurezza offshore" ai sensi dell'art.35 D.L. 83/2012.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Keywords: Italia ; Mare Adriatico ; Mare Ionio ; Canale di Sicilia ; terremoto ; maremoto ; tsunami ; sismicità offshore ; frana sottomarina ; vulnerabilità del costruito ; scenario di impatto ; rischio sismico ; rischio tsunami ; sicurezza marina ; produzione idrocarburi ; 04.07. Tectonophysics ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 5
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    NEAM Tsunami Hazard Model 2018 (NEAMTHM18): online data of the Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Model for the NEAM Region from the TSUMAPS-NEAM project (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-10-01
    Description: European-Union Civil Protection Mechanism, DG-ECHO, Agreement Number: ECHO/SUB/2015/718568/PREV26
    Description: Published
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: 2SR TERREMOTI - Gestione delle emergenze sismiche e da maremoto
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Keywords: Europe ; NEAM ; Atlantic Ocean ; Mediterranean Sea ; Aegean Sea ; Marmara Sea ; Black Sea ; earthquake ; tsunami ; moment magnitude ; crustal fault ; subduction interface ; megathrust ; probabilistic hazard model ; natural hazard ; Disaster Risk Reduction ; 05.08. Risk ; 04.06. Seismology ; 03.02. Hydrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: web product
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  • 6
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    NEAMTHM18 Documentation: the making of the TSUMAPS-NEAM Tsunami Hazard Model 2018 (2019)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-01-17
    Description: The NEAM Tsunami Hazard Model 2018 (NEAMTHM18) is a probabilistic hazard model for tsunamis generated by earthquakes. It covers the coastlines of the North-East Atlantic, the Mediterranean, and connected Seas (NEAM). In this online data product, the hazard results are provided by hazard curves calculated at 2,343 Points of Interest (POI), distributed in the North-East Atlantic (1,076 POIs), the Mediterranean Sea (1,130 POIs), and the Black Sea (137 POIs) at an average spacing of ~20 km. For each POI, hazard curves are given for the mean, 2nd, 16th, 50th, 84th, and 98th percentiles. Maps derived from hazard curves are Probability maps for Maximum Inundation Heights (MIH) of 1, 2, 5, 10, 20 meters; Hazard maps for Average Return Periods (ARP) of 500, 1,000, 2,500, 5,000, 10,000 years. For each map, precalculated displays are provided for the mean, the 16th percentile, and the 84th percentile. All data are also made accessible through an interactive web mapper and through Open Geospatial Consortium standard protocols. The model was prepared in the framework of the European Project TSUMAPS-NEAM (http://www.tsumaps-neam.eu/) funded by the mechanism of the European Civil Protection and Humanitarian Aid Operations (grant no. ECHO/SUB/2015/718568/PREV26).
    Description: European-Union Civil Protection Mechanism, DG-ECHO, Agreement Number ECHO/SUB/2015/718568/PREV26
    Description: Published
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: 2SR TERREMOTI - Gestione delle emergenze sismiche e da maremoto
    Keywords: Europe ; NEAM ; Atlantic Ocean ; Mediterranean Sea ; Aegean Sea ; Marmara Sea ; Black Sea ; earthquake ; tsunami ; moment magnitude ; crustal fault ; subduction interface ; megathrust ; probabilistic hazard model ; natural hazard ; Disaster Risk Reduction ; 05.08. Risk ; 04.06. Seismology ; 03.02. Hydrology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: report
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  • 7
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    From Seismic Monitoring to Tsunami Warning in the Mediterranean Sea (2021)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-31
    Description: The Italian Tsunami Alert Center based at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (CAT-INGV) has been monitoring the Mediterranean seismicity in the past 8 yr to get fast and reliable information for seismically induced tsunami warnings. CAT-INGV is a tsunami service provider in charge of monitoring the seismicity of the Mediterranean Sea and of alerting Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)/UNESCO subscriber Member States and the Italian Department of Civil Protection of a potentially impending tsunami, in the framework of the Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System in the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected seas (NEAMTWS). CAT-INGV started operating in 2013 and became operational in October 2016. Here, after describing the NEAMTWS in the framework of the global effort coordinated by IOC/UNESCO, we focus on the tsunami hazard in the Mediterranean Sea. We then describe CAT-INGV mandate, functioning, and operational procedures. Furthermore, the article discusses the lessons learned from past events occurring in the Mediterranean Sea, such as the Kos-Bodrum in 2017 (Mw 6.6) and the Samos-Izmir in 2020 (Mw 7.0) earthquakes, which generated moderately damaging tsunamis. Based on these lessons, we discuss some potential improvements for the CAT-INGV and the NEAMTWS, including better seismic and sea level instrumental cover- age. We emphasize the need for tsunami risk awareness raising, better preparation, and full implementation of the tsunami warning “last-mile” to foster the creation of a more integrated, interoperable, and sustainable risk reduction framework. If we aim to be better prepared for the next tsunami, these important challenges should be prioritized in the agenda of the IOC/UNESCO Member States and the European Commission.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1796–1816
    Description: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale e Early Warning Sismico e da Tsunami
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Tsunami ; Early Warning
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Sensitivity of Tsunami Scenarios to Complex Fault Geometry and Heterogeneous Slip Distribution: Case‐Studies for SW Iberia and NW Morocco (2021)
    Wiley-AGU
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-23
    Description: The SW Iberian margin is one of the most seismogenic and tsunamigenic areas in W-Europe, where large historical and instrumental destructive events occurred. To evaluate the sensitivity of the tsunami impact on the coast of SW Iberia and NW Morocco to the fault geometry and slip distribution for local earthquakes, we carried out a set of tsunami simulations considering some of the main known active crustal faults in the region: the Gorringe Bank (GBF), Marquês de Pombal (MPF), Horseshoe (HF), North Coral Patch (NCPF) and South Coral Patch (SCPF) thrust faults, and the Lineament South strike-slip fault. We started by considering for all of them relatively simple planar faults featuring with uniform slip distribution; we then used a more complex 3D fault geometry for the faults constrained with a large 2D multichannel seismic dataset (MPF, HF, NCPF, and SCPF); and finally, we used various heterogeneous slip distributions for the HF. Our results show that using more complex 3D fault geometries and slip distributions, the peak wave height at the coastline can double compared to simpler tsunami source scenarios from planar fault geometries. Existing tsunami hazard models in the region use homogeneous slip distributions on planar faults as initial conditions for tsunami simulations and therefore underestimate tsunami hazard. Complex 3D fault geometries and non-uniform slip distribution should be considered in future tsunami hazard updates. The tsunami simulations also support the finding that submarine canyons attenuate the wave height reaching the coastline, while submarine ridges and shallow shelves have the opposite effect.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2021JB022127
    Description: 2T. Deformazione crostale attiva
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 2TR. Ricostruzione e modellazione della struttura crostale
    Description: 2IT. Laboratori analitici e sperimentali
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: tsunami ; earthquake ; complex fault geometry ; heterogeneous slip distribution ; tsunami numerical modeling ; seismic and tsunami hazard ; 04.04. Geology ; 04.06. Seismology ; 05.08. Risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    The Sensitivity of Tsunami Impact to Earthquake Source Parameters and Manning Friction in High-Resolution Inundation Simulations (2023)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-20
    Description: In seismically active regions with variable dominant focal mechanisms, there is considerable tsunami inundation height uncertainty. Basic earthquake source parameters such as dip, strike, and rake affect significantly the tsunamigenic potential and the tsunami directivity. Tsunami inundation is also sensitive to other properties such as bottom friction. Despite their importance, sensitivity to these basic parameters is surprisingly sparsely studied in literature. We perform suites of systematic parameter searches to investigate the sensitivity of inundation at the towns of Catania and Siracusa on Sicily to changes both in the earthquake source parameters and the Manning friction. The inundation is modelled using the Tsunami-HySEA shallow water code on a system of nested topo-bathymetric grids with a finest spatial resolution of 10 m. This GPU-based model, with significant HPC resources, allows us to perform large numbers of high- resolution tsunami simulations. We analyze the variability of different hydrodynamic parameters due to large earthquakes with uniform slip at different locations, focal depth, and different source parameters. We consider sources both near the coastline, in which significant near-shore co-seismic deformation occurs, and offshore, where near- shore co-seismic deformation is negligible. For distant offshore earthquake sources, we see systematic and intuitive changes in the inundation with changes in strike, dip, rake, and depth. For near-shore sources, the dependency is far more complicated and co- determined by both the source mechanisms and the coastal morphology. The sensitivity studies provide directions on how to resolve the source discretization to optimize the number of sources in Probabilistic Tsunami Hazard Analysis, and they demonstrate a need for a far finer discretization of local sources than for more distant sources. For a small number of earthquake sources, we study systematically the inundation as a function of the Manning coefficient. The sensitivity of the inundation to this parameter varies greatly for different earthquake sources and topo-bathymetry at the coastline of interest. The friction greatly affects the velocities and momentum flux and to a lesser but still significant extent the inundation distance from the coastline. An understanding of all these dependencies is needed to better quantify the hazard when source complexity increases.
    Description: Published
    Description: 757618
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale e Early Warning Sismico e da Tsunami
    Description: 1SR TERREMOTI - Sorveglianza Sismica e Allerta Tsunami
    Description: 3IT. Calcolo scientifico
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: tsunami ; inundation ; HPC ; earthquakes ; numerical simulations
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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