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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Simple immersion of Si in stain etches of HF:HNO3:H2O or NaNO2 in aqueous HF was used to produce films exhibiting luminescence in the visible similar to that of anodically-etched porous Si. All of the luminescent samples consist of amorphous porous Si in at least the near surface region. No evidence was found for small crystalline regions within these amorphous layers.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: ; : Structure of onboa
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Characterization of light-emitting porous Si films with X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is reported. Only traces of O are detected on HF-etched samples, in contradiction to an earlier report that oxides are a significant component of porous Si. Si 2p and valence-band measurements demonstrate that the near-surface region of high porosity films which exhibit visible luminescence consists of amorphous Si.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Applied Physics Letters (ISSN 0003-6951); 60; 1004-100
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The preparation of hydrogen-terminated silicon surfaces for use as starting substrates for low-temperature MBE growth is examined in detail. The procedure involves the ex situ removal under nitrogen of residual oxide from a silicon substrate using a spin-clean with HF in ethanol, followed by the in situ low-temperature desorption (150 C) of physisorbed etch residues. The critical steps and the chemical basis for these steps are examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Impurity residues at the epilayer-substrate interface following subsequent homoepitaxial growth are studied using AES, SIMS and TEM. Finally, scanning tunneling microscopy is used to examine the effect of cleaning methods on substrate morphology.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Thin Solid Films (ISSN 0040-6090); 183; 197-212
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: IrSi(3)/p-Si Schottky diodes have been fabricated by a molecular beam epitaxy technique at 630 C. Good surface morphology was observed for IrSi(3) layers grown at temperatures below 680 C, and an increasing tendency to form islands is observed in samples grown at higher temperatures. Good diode current-voltage characteristics were observed and Schottky barrier heights of 0.14-0.18 eV were determined by activation energy analysis and spectral response measurement.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Applied Physics Letters (ISSN 0003-6951); 56; 2013-201
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Boron doping in Si layers grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at 500-700 C using an HBO2 source has been studied. The maximum boron concentration without detectable oxygen incorporation for a given substrate temperature and Si growth rate has been determined using secondary-ion mass spectrometry analysis. Boron present in the Si MBE layers grown at 550-700 C was found to be electrically active, independent of the amount of oxygen incorporation. By reducing the Si growth rate, highly boron-doped layers have been grown at 600 C without detectable oxygen incorporation.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Applied Physics Letters (ISSN 0003-6951); 55; 795-797
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The nucleation and growth of CrSi2 on Si(111) by MBE and solid-phase epitaxy (SPE), was investigated using SEM and TEM observations of 2-mm-thick layers grown under a variety of conditions, including the use of a CoSi2 buffer. During growth, the wafers were monitored in situ using reflection high-energy electron diffraction. Island growth was observed, with islands found to nucleate with three epitaxial orientations. The morphology of CrSi2 islands was found to be affected by the degree and direction of substrate misorientation, the growth technique, and the use of CoSi2 buffer. However, the reconstruction of the Si surface does not appear to be an important factor in controlling SPE growth.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The Si/CoSi2/Si heterostructures prepared by codeposition and solid-phase epitaxy on Si(111) substrates were characterized using Auger plasmon data as a measure of Si overlayer thickness. The method of calibration is described, and the results of two studies, including a study of islanding in Si/CoSi2/Si and a study of diffusion in CoSi2/Si are presented, illustrating the utility of the Auger plasmon loss technique. It is shown that, most likely, the diffusion proceeds through residual defects in the CoSi2.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Applied Physics (ISSN 0021-8979); 65; 3531-353
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Evidence of silicon diffusion in 100-A CoSi2 layers grown by room-temperature codeposition and annealing on Si(111) substrates was from Auger peak height ratios, which were interpreted in terms of a Si overlayer. It was found that this layer could be removed by chemical etching and reformed by subsequent annealing. By measuring the intensity of the plasmon energy loss peak associated with the CoL23 VV Auger peak, the effective thickness of the Si overlayer was measured as a function of annealing temperature, by calibrating the plasmon loss data against known overlayer thicknesses on unannealed samples. Similar results were found for samples grown both with and without the addition of a 10-A Si cap to prevent pinhole formation in the CoSi2; moreover, Si diffusion was also observed at temperatures well below the point where pinhole formation is first found, suggesting that Si diffusion does not depend on the presence of observable pinholes.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Applied Physics Letters (ISSN 0003-6951); 54; 1314-131
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The growth of CrSi2 on Si(111) in a commercial MBE system with a base pressure in the low 10 to the -11th torr range is reported. CrSi2 layers grown on Si(111) exhibit a strong tendency to form islands. Two particular epitaxial relationships are identified. Thick (210 nm) layers have been grown by four different techniques, with best results obtained by codepositing Cr and Si at elevated temperature. The grain size is observed to increase with substrate temperature, reaching 1-2 microns in a layer deposited at 825 C.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology B (ISSN 0734-211X); 6; 708-712
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: GaAs layers have been grown on porous silicon (PS) substrates with good crystallinity by molecular beam epitaxy. In spite of the surface irregularity of PS substrates, no surface morphology deterioration was observed on epitaxial GaAs overlayers. A 10-percent Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy minimum channeling yield for GaAs-on-PS layers as compared to 16 percent for GaAs-on-Si layers grown under the same condition indicates a possible improvement of crystallinity when GaAs is grown on PS. Transmission electron microscopy reveals that the dominant defects in the GaAs-on-PS layers are microtwins and stacking faults, which originate from the GaAs/PS interface. GaAs is found to penetrate into the PS layers. n-type GaAs/p-type PS heterojunction diodes were fabricated with good rectifying characteristics.
    Keywords: SOLID-STATE PHYSICS
    Type: Applied Physics Letters (ISSN 0003-6951); 51; 814-816
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