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  • Sitobion avenae  (9)
  • Rhopalosiphum padi  (3)
  • growth patterns  (2)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern of growth and fat content of somatic and gonadal tissues of virginoparae of the vetch aphid, Megoura viciae (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 56 (1990), S. 269-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphids ; gonads ; growth patterns ; parthenogenesis ; soma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le pourcentage en eau reste constant pendant tout le développement des virginipares de Megoura viciae. De la naissance au début de la reproduction, les tissus somatiques croissent logistiquement et les gonades exponentiellement. Le poids relatif des gonades augmente pendant le développement. L'allure sigmoïde de la courbe de croissance reflète la cominaison des types de croissance des tissue somatiques et des gonades. Les gros adultes ont proportionnellement de plus grosses gonades que les petits. La teneur en corps gras augmente dans le soma et les gonades pendant le développement: dans le soma jusqu'à la mue imaginale, dans les gonades jusqu'au début de la reproduction.
    Notes: Abstract Throughout the development of virginoparous apterae of the vetch aphid, Megoura viciae, the percentage water content remained constant. Over the period from birth to the onset of reproduction the somatic tissues grew logistically and the gonads exponentially. During development the percentage of the weight of an aphid that consisted of gonads increased. The sigmoidal pattern of growth in weight of an aphid reflects the combined growth patterns of the somatic and gonadal components. Large adults had proportionally bigger gonads than small adults. The fat (lipid) content of both the soma and gonads increased during development; in the soma up to the adult moult, and the gonads up to the onset of reproduction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163698
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of methoxyphenols on grain aphid feeding behaviour (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 76 (1995), S. 157-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: methoxyphenols ; allelochemicals ; grain aphid ; Sitobion avenae ; feeding behaviour ; EPG ; O-demethylase ; detoxifying enzymes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Methoxyphenols might be important in the resistance of cereals to aphids. Electrical penetration graph (EPG) recordings were used to determine the effect of caffeic, ferulic and sinapic acids, and scopoletin on the feeding behaviour of the grain aphidSitobion avenae (F.). Aphids on wheat seedlings treated systemically with these phenols showed reduced ingestion of phloem sap and salivation into sieve elements in most cases. The earlier pathway phases of probing were prolonged. Moreover increase in number of probes as well as reduction of total time of probing was observed. In addition, no O-demethylase activity was found in homogenates of aphids fed on moderately-resistant (phenolic rich) or susceptible (phenolic poor) wheat varieties. The significance of these results for understanding the resistance of cereals to aphids is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383213
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Generation specific life history traits of winged shape Sitobion avenae (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 88 (1998), S. 163-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aphids ; Sitobion avenae ; life histories ; winged morphs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract When reared under constant conditions from egg hatch the proportion of offspring of Sitobion avenae (F.) (Aphididae: Macrosiphini) that developed into winged individuals declined from the second to fourth generation. The winged individuals produced in these three generations showed a progressive decrease in their wet and dry weights and an increase in the length of their largest embryo with generation. The trend in winged individual production and also the trends in their size and reproductive strategy appear to be programmed and are similar to the generation specific strategies that have been described in other species of aphid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003434026117
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Non-feeding by adult gynoparae of Rhopalosiphum padi and its bearing on the limiting resource in the production of sexual females in host alternating aphids (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 36 (1984), S. 9-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Rhopalosiphum padi ; feeding by gynoparae ; limiting resource ; production of sexual females
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des plantes radioactives ont été utilisées pour déterminer si les gynopares de Rhopalosiphum padi se nourrissaient après installation sur Prunus padus. Bien qu'affamés pendant 24 h, il ne se sont pas nourris. La signification adaptative de la brève vie des adultes et de la faible fécondité des gynopares a été examinée à la lumière de ces résultats.
    Notes: Abstract Radioactive plants were used to determine whether gynoparae of the bird cherry-oat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi (L.) fed after settling on Prunus padus (L.). Despite being starved for 24 h they did not feed. The adaptive significance of the short adult life and low fecundity of gynoparae was discussed in the light of these results.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00345196
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods of hatching the eggs and rearing the fundatrices of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 45 (1987), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: aphid eggs ; hatching methods ; Sitobion avenae ; fundatrices
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'éclosion des oeufs de S. avenae peut être induite par le transfert à 10°C ou 12°C, après une incubation de 75–120 jours à 2°C. Le pourcentage le plus élevé d'éclosions a été obtenu quand les oeufs avaient incubé pendant 100 à 110 jours à 2°C (67% at 71.5% respectivement) dans des petites boîtes de plastique, ou pendant 100 jours à 2°C sur des pousses de graminées (73.5%). Si les oeufs sont pondus sur blé, la plante ne peut pas tolérer la période d'incubation, mais cet obstacle peut être surmonté en obligeant les ovipares à pondre leurs oeufs sur de pousses de graminées, comme Poa annua, hôte convenable pour les fondatrices. Les ovipares peuvent aussi pondre sans difficultés sur autre chose que des végétaux, et des récipients peuvent ètre mis à incuber sans contenir du matériel végétal.
    Notes: Abstract Several methods for hatching the eggs and rearing individuals of the first generation (fundatrices) of Sitobion avenae were investigated. The most successful methods were incubation of the eggs on grass seedlings at 2°C and rearing the fundatrices on grass seedlings (overall survival 66%) and incubation of the eggs in plastic boxes at 2°C and rearing the fundatrices on wheat seedlings (overall survival 62%).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343590
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cost of switching from asexual to sexual reproduction in an aphid (1988)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 47 (1988), S. 283-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sitobion avenae ; aphids ; fecundity ; reproductive cost ; parthenogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les fécondités des virginipares ailés, des gynopares ailés et des ovipares d'un même clone de Sitobion avenae ont été déterminées à 12°C. Bien que les types qui ayant donné naissance à des sexués aient eu une fécondité initiale plus élevée que celle de la lignée asexuée, celle-ci a été significativement plus féconde après 15 jours de reproduction. Les résultats du laboratoire ont été utilisés pour évaluer la fécondité de lignées sexuées et asexuées pendant quatre générations à 12°C. La reproduction parthénogénétique a présenté un avantage numérique sur la reproductions sexuée dans le rapport 320/1. La reproduction sexuée a été accompagnée d'une diminution significative de la fécondité potentielle. Bien que la reproduction sexuée de S. avenae soit avantageuse dans les régions où les hivers sont durs, parce que les oeufs sont résistants au froid, les lignées asexuées présentent un avantage considérable en ce qui concerne la fécondité potentielle pour l'augmentation de la population en automne et elles conservent de plus la capacité d'un accroissement numérique ultérieur si l'hiver est doux.
    Notes: Abstract The fecundity of asexual and sexual morphs of Sitobion avenae (F.) is compared. The cost of sex is quantified in terms of the reduction in numbers of offspring produced. The cost is much greater than the halving of fecundity that is usually assumed to be associated with the production of males.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352215
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aphid growth and reproductive rates (1984)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 35 (1984), S. 137-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Rhopalosiphum padi ; mean relative growth rate ; intrinsic rate of increase ; reproduction ; aphids
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La taille des pucerons, bien que considérée généralement comme un bon indice de la fécondité, n'est pas un bon indice pour leurs performances dans une grande gamme de conditions. En général, plus le taux moyen de croissance relative est élevé chez les types aptères de Rhopalosiphum padi, plus leur fécondité est importante. Le taux intrinsèque de croissance (rm) est encore plus étroitement lié au taux moyen de croissance relative que la fécondité. Une fois que ces critères ont été quantifiés pour un type d'une espèce donnée de puceron dans une gamme de conditions, les taux intrinsèques de croissance des différents types sur un hôte particulier peuvent être estimés par une mesure rapide de leur taux moyen de croissance relative.
    Notes: Abstract Aphid size, although generally a good indicator of fecundity is not a good indicator of aphid performance over a wide range of conditions. In general, the greater the mean relative growth rate (MRGR) of apterous morphs of Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), the greater their fecundity. Intrinsic rate of increase (rm) is even more closely correlated with mean relative growth rate than fecundity. Once these criteria are quantified for a morph of a particular species of aphid over a range of conditions the morphs intrinsic rate of increase on a particular host can be estimated by a quick measure of its mean relative growth rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00217532
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of the impact of the hoverfly, Metasyrphus corollae on the cereal aphid, Sitobion avenae, in winter wheat: laboratory rates of kill (1987)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 43 (1987), S. 153-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Syrphidae ; Metasyrphus corollae ; cereal aphid ; Sitobion avenae ; quantification ; field populations ; biomass ; voracity ; growth ; development ; kill rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le taux de mortalité de S. avenae provoqué par les larves de M. corollae a été mesuré au laboratoire pour évaluer l'impact de ce prédateur sur les populations de ce puceron dans la nature. L'évolution du poids des larves et de la biomasse de pucerons tués a été suivie tous les jours dans des conditions de température et humidité constantes. Un taux moyen de mortalité a été déterminé pour chaque stade larvaire du prédateur, il a servi à déduire les niveaux de mortalité quotidienne dans les champs.
    Notes: Abstract The rate of kill of cereal aphids by larvae of Metasyrphus corollae (F.) (Diptera: Syrphidae) was measured in the laboratory with the aim of assessing the impact of this predator on field populations of cereal aphids. Daily measurements were taken of changes in both the larval weight and the biomass of aphids killed by M. corollae in conditions of constant temperature and humidity. A mean relative kill rate was defined and calculated for each larval instar of the predator from which estimates of field daily rates of kill can be made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00301746
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pattern of growth in weight of alate and apterous nymphs of the English grain aphid, Sitobion avenae (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 55 (1990), S. 231-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aphids ; growth patterns ; logistic growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'enregistrement de l'augmentation quotidienne du poids frais à 20°C des larves ailées et aptères de S. avenae a montré que des perturbations quotidiennes n'affectent pas significativement la croissance, la durée du développement et la survie. Les équations logistiques décrivent plus exactement l'augmentation de poids frais des aptères et des ailés virginipares à 20°C. Les virginipares ailés étaient significativement plus lourds que les virginipares aptères à la naissance et pendant la plus grande partie de la vie larvaire, mais présentaient une perte de poids à la mue finale. Le taux de croissance relative ne restait pas constant, mais diminuait au cours du développement. La diminution était associée à une diminution de la production de miellat par unité de poids du corps. La discussion porte sur les conséquences de la variation de l'augmentation du poids relatif et de la perte marquée de poids à la mue imaginale.
    Notes: Abstract Daily increase in fresh weight was recorded for apterous and alate nymphs of S. avenae at 20°C. Comparison with a control group indicated that daily disturbance and weighing of nymphs did not affect significantly their growth, developmental time or survival. The increase in fresh weight of apterous and alate virginoparae at 20°C was best described by logistic equations. Alate virginoparae were significantly heavier than apterous virginoparae at birth and throughout most of their nymphal life, but they experienced a weight loss at the final ecdysis. The relative growth rate did not remain constant, but declined during development. The decline is associated with a decline in honeydew production per unit body weight. The implications of an inconstant relative growth rate and the marked loss in weight at the adult moult in alates are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00190662
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detoxification of cereal plant allelochemicals by aphids: Activity and molecular weights of glutathioneS-transferase in three species of cereal aphids (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 387-394 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Grain aphid ; Sitobion avenae ; Metopolophium dirhodum ; Rhopalosiphum padi ; Homoptera ; Aphididae ; detoxifying enzymes ; glutathioneS-transferase ; resistance ; cereal allelochemicals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The activity and molecular weights of glutathioneS-transferase were studied in three species of cereal aphid:Metopolophium dirhodum, Sitobion avenae, andRhopalosiphum padi. The highest level of glutathioneS-transferase activity was recorded in extracts fromM. dirhodum and the lowest fromS. avenae, and extracts of larvae were more active than those from adults. The activity of this enzyme was higher in extracts ofS. avenae andR. padi previously fed on a moderately resistant wheat variety than on a susceptible variety. Gel filtration followed by SDS-PAGE revealed three protein bands in the active fractions. The first had a molecular weight of 28,500 and the second of 27,500 and were present in all three species of aphid. The third protein differed in the three species, having a molecular weight of 26,000 inS. avenae, 25,500 inM. dirhodum, and 24,000 inR. padi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02064445
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