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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1034-1040 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: amino acid fermentation ; culture redox potential ; fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: We investigated the relationship of dissolved oxygen and culture redox potential (CRP) on amino acid production. Corynebacterium glutamicum ATCC 14296 was used for all experiments. The fermentation can be divided into a growth phase and a production phase. Our results indicate that in order to get higher amino acid production, a lower oxygen supply during the exponential phase is favored. A higher oxygen supply rate appears to be necessary during the production phase. Culture redox potential (CRP) was used to monitor the fermentation. CRP readings were observed to drop to a characteristic minimum value as the metabolic state changed from a growth to production phase. This was evidenced by the commencement of amino acid production and a simultaneous uptake of lactate. Upon lactate exhaustion, the CRP increased abruptly. At the same time, maximal amino acid yields were observed. By the use of minimum CRP as an indication of metabolic phase changes, the agitation rate was changed to increase oxygen supply during the production phase. This significantly increased amino acid production. These results show that culture redox potential measurements can be used to monitor and optimize amino acid production by process manipulation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 453-459 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: NAD(P)H fluorescene ; on-line monitoring ; amino acid fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The amino acid fermentation by Corynebacterium glutamicum was monitored with an new technique that uses the first derivative of the NAD(P)H fluorescene signal. The rate of change of NAD(P)H pools is indicative of intracellular redox balance variations that correspond to metabolic changes. The profile of this signal showed several characteristics that coincided with major metabolic events during fermentation. We show here that the derivative fluorescence signal can accurately estimate points of threonine depletion, viable cell count, and the end of amino acid formation. Furthermore, on-line optimization strategies can be developed by using the derivative fluorescene signal. © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 40 (1992), S. 851-857 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: reducing agent ; dithiothreitol ; redox potential ; amino acid fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study focuses on the effects of the reducing agents, dithiothreitol (DTT) and glutathione (GSH), on amino acid production in aerobically growing Corynebacterium glutamicum. The problem of reducing agent addition affecting the dissolved oxygen level was solved by positioning the culture at a high dissolved oxygen level and feeding the reducing agent into the fermentor. We show that it is possible to lower the redox potential even in a highly aerobic environment. The addition of DTT to the fermentation during the growth phase caused a significant increase in specific amino acid production rate and total amino acids produced, as compared with a control. In contrast, GSH had an inhibitory effect. © 1992 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: optically active polymers ; gel permeation chromatography ; laser light scattering ; GPC calibration ; rodlike conformation ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: By combining the offline static and dynamic laser light scattering (LLS) and gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results of a broadly distributed polymer sample, we were able to characterize a series of chiral binaphthyl-based polyarylenes and poly(aryleneethnylene)s in THF at 25°C. For each of the samples, we obtained not only the weight-average molar mass Mw, the second virial coefficient A2 and the z-average translational diffusion coefficient 〈D〉, but also two calibrations: V = A + Blog(M) and D = kD M-αD, where V, D, and M are the elution volume, the translational diffusion coefficient and the molar mass for monodisperse polymer chains, respectively, and A, B, kD, and αD are four calibration constants. Using these calibrations, we estimated the molar mass distributions of these novel polymers. We showed that using polystyrene to calibrate the GPC columns could lead to a smaller Mw. Our results indicate that all the polymers studied have a rigid chain conformation in THF at 25°C and the introduction of the  - NO2 groups into the monomer can greatly promote the polymer solubility in THF.© 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 36: 2615-2622, 1998
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: High Tc superconductors ; Precursors ; Copper ; Calcium ; Barium ; Yttrium ; Strontium ; Fluorinated β-dikeonates ; Ethanol ; Tetradecafluorononanedione ; Decafluoroheptanedione ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: The new β-diketone 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,7,7,8,8,9,9,9-tetradecafluorononane-4,6-dione (HTDFND) has been prepared and employed in the formation of complexes of Cu, Ca, Sr, Ba and Y. Complexes of the same metals derived from the β-diketone 1,1,1,2,2,3,3,7,7,7-decafluoroheptane-2,4-dione (HDFHD) have also been prepared. In general the compounds have the formula [M(TDFND)2H2O] or [M(DHFD)2H2O], although the yttrium complexes are [Y(β-diket)3] · xH2O (β-diket ≡ TDFND (x = 3) or DFHD (x = 2)). The complexes have been characterised by analytical and spectroscopic means and by a crystal structure of [Cu(TDFND)2EtOH] obtained by recrystallisation of [Cu(TDFND)2H2O] from aqueous ethanol. Crystal data for [Cu(TDFND)2EtOH]: triclinic, P̄1, a = 11.249(4) Å, b = 12.331 (2) Å, c = 12.890(2) Å, α = 96.89(2)°, β = 108.93(3)°, γ = 109.63(3)°, V = 1541.54 Å3, Z = 2. The complex is square pyramidal with the four oxygen atoms of the β-diketonates occupying the basal sites and the oxygen atom of the co-ordinated ethanol molecule in the apical position. The C3F7 ligands take up an extended staggered configuration in order to minimise steric repulsions. The complex is monomeric with intermolecular distances all greater than 4 Å. Simultaneous thermal analysis at 1 atm reveals that all the compounds lose water but then sublime, usually completely without decomposition. [Ba(TDFND)2H2O] is the first barium complex for which this is the case and it can be dehydrated to give [Ba(TDFND)2], which is also volatile but becomes less volatile with time. [Ba(TDFND)2H2O], [Sr(TDFND)2H2O] and [Ca(DFHD)2H2O] are suitable precursors for the growth of MF2 on silicon substrates. Complete orientation in the (111) direction is observed. Changes in the film growth rate with time for all the precursors are attributed to sample decomposition ([M(DFHD)2H2O], M ≡ Ca or Sr) or to slow reorganisation of the crystal structure ([Ba(TDFND)2H2O]). Layers with Y:Ba:Cu ratios close to the required 1:2:3 have been grown using [Y(DPM)3], [Cu(DPM)2] and [Ba(DFHD)2H2O] (DPM ≡ 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dionato).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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