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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polar cyanobacteria versus green algae for tertiary waste-water treatment in cool climates (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of applied phycology 9 (1997), S. 371-381 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5176
    Keywords: Antarctic ; Arctic ; cyanobacteria ; green algae ; mass algal culture ; Phormidium ; temperature ; waste-water treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Forty-nine strains of filamentous, mat-forming cyanobacteria isolated from the Arctic, subarctic and Antarctic environments were screened for their potential use in outdoor waste-water treatment systems designed for cold north-temperate climates. The most promising isolate (strain E18, Phormidium sp. from a high Arctic lake) grew well at low temperatures and formed aggregates (flocs) that could be readily harvested by sedimentation. We evaluated the growth and nutrient uptake abilities of E18 relative to a community of green algae (a Chlorococcalean assemblage, denoted Vc) sampled from a tertiary treatment system in Valcartier, Canada. E18 had superior growth rates below 15°C Canada. (µ = 0.20 d-1 at 10°C under continuous irradiance of 225 µmol photon m-2 s-1) and higher phosphate uptake rates below 10°C (k = 0.050 d-1 at 5°C) relative to Vc (µ=0.087 d-1 at 10°C and k = 0.020 d-1 at 5°C, respectively). The green algal assemblage generally performed better than E18 at high temperatures (at 25°C, µ = 0.39 d-1 and k = 0.34 d-1 for Vc; µ = 0.28 d-1 and k = 0.33 d-1 for E18). However, E18 removed nitrate more efficiently than Vc at most temperatures including 25°C. Polar cyanobacteria such as strain E18 are appropriate species for waste-water treatment in cold climates during spring and autumn. Under warmer summer conditions, fast-growing green algae such as the Vc assemblage are likely to colonize and dominate, but warm-water Phormidium isolates could be used at that time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007987127526
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial communities in southern Victoria Land streams (Antarctica) I. Photosynthesis (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 172 (1989), S. 27-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Antarctica ; biofilms ; cyanobacteria ; photosynthesis ; chlorophyll ; pigments ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; epilithic algae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The glacier-fed ephemeral streams of southern Victoria Land (ca. 78° S, 64° E) are colonised by an epilithon dominated by cyanobacterial mats and films. Biomass levels are often high (〉 15 µg Chl a · cm−2). The mat structure, pigment and photosynthetic characteristics of these communities have been investigated on site. The mats in high light environments have a layered structure with high levels of light shielding accessory pigments in the upper layers and elevated chlorophyll a and phycocyanin concentrations in the lower layers. Photosynthetic rates per unit area (0.4–3.5 µg C · cm− 2 · hr−1) fall within the range reported for temperate communities. P vs I curves were used to separate high, intermediate and low light communities. Ik values for high light communities were at or lower than PAR recorded at midnight in the polar midsummer (ca 100 µ E m−2 · s−1). We did not detect photoinhibitory responses at the midday light intensities. In situ continuous nutrient enrichment experiments failed to demonstrate N or P limitation to pigment content or photosynthetic rates. We suggest that the growth of these communities is controlled by factors other than light and nutrients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00031610
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nitrogen dynamics in two antarctic streams (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 172 (1989), S. 51-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: ammonium ; Antarctica ; blue-green algae ; cyanobacteria ; nitrogen ; nitrogen-fixation ; organic nitrogen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The many glacier meltwater streams of southern Victoria Land flow through catchments where life forms are almost entirely microbial. Allochthonous inputs of nitrogen from two study streams near McMurdo Sound were derived mostly from the melting glaciers (ca. 100–200 mg N m−3) with some originating from N2-fixation by heterocystous cyanobacteria (max. 939 mg N m−2 year−1). Thirty to fifty per cent of the glacier derived N was dissolved organic N and a major proportion of this was identified as urea N which was utilised by the rich algal and cyanobacterial mats in the streams. A nutrient budget for Fryxell Stream was estimated, quantifying uptake of urea-N and dissolved inorganic N and the release of dissolved organic (non urea) and particulate N by the stream communities. An index of in-stream nitrogen processing, the Net Uptake Length Constant in these streams was compared with that from temperate climates and was found to be similar. Despite the influence of low temperatures on microbial activity (mean daily water temperature = 5 °C) nutrient removal rates from these antarctic streams are high because of the large standing stock of microbial biomass there.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00031612
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbial communities in southern Victoria Land streams (Antarctica) II. The effects of low temperature (1989)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 172 (1989), S. 39-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Antarctica ; bacteria ; biofilms ; cyanobacteria ; microbial mats ; Nostoc ; Phormidium ; photosynthesis ; respiration ; stream algae ; temperature
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Water temperatures in southern Victoria Land streams fluctuated over the range 0 to 10 lay close to freezing. In a series of controlled assays at Fryxell Stream, Taylor Valley, the benthic microbial mats showed strongly positive metabolic responses to increases in temperature well above ambient. Rates of polysaccharide and lipid biosynthesis increased with temperature over the range 0 to 25 °C. Between 0 and 10 °C, Q10 values for the cyanobacterial mats were 1.7 to 3.2 for gross photosynthesis, 2.5 to 5.7 for respiration, 2.2 to 2.5 for acetate incorporation into lipid, 1.9 to 3.8 for glucose catabolism, and 1.9 to 2.8 for thymidine incorporation. Respiration accounted for a high percentage of gross photosynthesis, and a net respiratory loss of carbon from three communities was either induced or worsened by an increase in temperature from 0 to 10 °C. The chlorophyll a content of Nostoc disc incubated for one month in darkness decreased by 27% at 5 °C, but by 99% at 25 °C. This set of assays suggests that the cyanobacterial mats contained large amounts of chlorophyll a and carbon associated with inactive or senescing cells. This unusual standing stock could probably not persist under warmer conditions, which would promote both increased respiratory losses and faster rates of bacterial decomposition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00031611
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The daily pattern of nitrogen uptake by phytoplankton in dynamic mixed layer environments (1992)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 238 (1992), S. 37-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: ammonium ; cyanobacteria ; diel ; diurnal ; mixing ; nitrate ; nitrogen ; periodicity ; phytoplankton ; protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The transport and assimilation of the various forms of biologically available nitrogen by phytoplankton, and the subsequent biosynthesis of N-containing macromolecules, have the potential to respond in different ways during the daily growth cycle. This review examines five types of effect that may influence the daily pattern of nitrogen uptake and metabolism: light versus dark (the day/night cycle); changes in irradiance during the day (including the diurnal rise and fall in photon fluence rates); circadian rhythms (endogenous patterns of variation which may continue in the absence of external environmental forcing); periodic variations in exogenous nitrogen supply; and the 24-hour dynamics of stratification and mixing. The hydrodynamic effects operate through a variety of direct and indirect controls, and can substantially modify the diel rhythmicity of phytoplankton growth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00048772
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