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  • 1
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    Caffeine in floral nectar enhances a pollinator's memory of reward (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-09
    Description: Plant defense compounds occur in floral nectar, but their ecological role is not well understood. We provide evidence that plant compounds pharmacologically alter pollinator behavior by enhancing their memory of reward. Honeybees rewarded with caffeine, which occurs naturally in nectar of Coffea and Citrus species, were three times as likely to remember a learned floral scent as were honeybees rewarded with sucrose alone. Caffeine potentiated responses of mushroom body neurons involved in olfactory learning and memory by acting as an adenosine receptor antagonist. Caffeine concentrations in nectar did not exceed the bees' bitter taste threshold, implying that pollinators impose selection for nectar that is pharmacologically active but not repellent. By using a drug to enhance memories of reward, plants secure pollinator fidelity and improve reproductive success.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521368/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4521368/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wright, G A -- Baker, D D -- Palmer, M J -- Stabler, D -- Mustard, J A -- Power, E F -- Borland, A M -- Stevenson, P C -- 094894/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- BB/1000313/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/I000968/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 8;339(6124):1202-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1228806.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Behaviour and Evolution, Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK. jeri.wright@ncl.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23471406" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bees/*drug effects/physiology ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects ; Caffeine/analysis/*pharmacology ; Citrus/chemistry/*physiology ; Coffea/chemistry/*physiology ; Flowers/chemistry/physiology ; Memory/*drug effects ; Mushroom Bodies/drug effects/physiology ; Plant Nectar/chemistry/*physiology ; Pollination/*drug effects/physiology ; Reward ; Taste/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition between the bush fly and a dung beetle in dung of differing characteristics (1986)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 41 (1986), S. 83-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Musca vetustissima ; Onthophagus binodis ; Scarabaeinae ; Muscidae ; spring ; summer ; interspecific ; intraspecific ; densities
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des oeufs de mouches de brousse (Musca vetustissima) et des bousiers adultes (Onthophagus binodis) ont été dépos'es à différentes densités sur de la bouse de printemps, riche en nutriments, ou d'été, paure, au laboratoire à 25°C. Les compétitions intra- et interspécifiques ont été plus intenses pour les mouches sur la bouse d/été, et pour les bousiers sur la bouse de printemps. Dans les bouses d'été, la taille des mouches et leur survie ont été influencées à la fois par la densité des bousiers et par celle des mouches. Les mouches élevées sur bouses d'été étaient plus petites, et une corrélation entre la taille et le taux de survie a été observée pour des mouches dont la largeur de la tête était inférieure à environ 2,00 mm. La mortalité était due probablement en grande partie à la mort des larves. Les bousiers n'ont construit que très peu de boules d'excrêments et déchiquetaient la bouse, surtout quand leur densité était élevée. Dans la bouse de printemps, la production de boules d'excrêment a été réduite tant par les densités de bousiers que de celles de mouches. La survie des mouches a été influencée par la densité de bousiers, moins cependent que dans les bouses d'été, mais pas par celle des mouches. La mortalité était due probablement à la mort des oeufs.
    Notes: Abstract A range of densities of bush fly (Musca vetustissima) eggs and dung beetle (Onthophagus binodis) adults were placed on either nutritious spring or poor summer dung in the laboratory at 25°C. Intra- and interspecific competition were greater for flies in summer dung than in spring dung, and intra-and interspecific competition were greater for dung beetles in spring dung than in summer dung. In summer dung fly size and survival were influenced by both beetle and fly densities. Flies in summer dung were smaller, and below a headwidth of about 2.0 mm there was a correlation between size and survival. Mortality was probably due largely to death of larvae. Also beetles produced very few brood balls, and shredded this dung, particularly at high densities. In spring dung, beetle brood ball production which was greater was reduced by both beetle and fly densities, and beetles left the pads earlier at high fly densities. Fly survival was influenced by beetle density, but less than in summer dung, and not by fly density. Mortality was probably caused by death of eggs. These data support field observations that dung beetles cause higher fly mortality in summer dung than spring dung.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343494
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