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  • 1
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    Remote sensing of seasonal and annual variation of equatorial new production: A model for global estimates (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Sea-surface temperatures (SSTs) are strongly correlated with surface nitrate concentrations in coastal upwelling regions. Upwelling also occurs in the equatorial Pacific; correlations between temperature and nitrate concentration are strong. The University of Miami weekly averaged Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer (AVHRR) SST data for October 1986 through June 1989 have been used to compute surface nitrate concentrations from 90 deg - 180 deg W and from 15 deg S - 15 deg N. The surface areas with nitrate above detection limits are combined with existing nitrate uptake data to give weekly estimates of equatorial new production.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 14; 1; p. (1)169-(1)178
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  • 2
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    Satellite monitoring of the global ocean surface during 1987-1989 (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Long-term simultaneous global coverage of AVHRR sea surface temperature, SSMI surface wind speed, GEOSAT sea surface height, and ARGOS buoy drift began in 1987. Methodology to create annual atlases of monthly mean distributions is described.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center, Proceedings of the Ocean Climate Data Workshop; p 131-143
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  • 3
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    Equatorial long-wave characteristics determined from satellite sea surface temperature and in situ data (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: SST maps and imagery derived from the NOAA 6 satellite AVHRR for June and July 1981 in the eastern tropical Pacific portray the wavelike structure of the cool water along the equator from 93 deg W to 125 deg W. Cusped waves of approximately 1000-km zonal wavelength and 25-day period propagated westward with a phase speed of 40 km/day. The observed meridional extent between the crest and trough of the waves is about 300 km. Details in the imagery show cooler water at the cusps advected north and then east with the north equatorial countercurrent (NECC), consistent with the suggestion of a series of anticyclonic eddies occupying the shear zone between the NECC and the westward flowing south equatorial current. Absolute SST estimates from the AVHRR data agree to within 0.6 C with shipboard data taken along 110 deg W between 5 deg N and 5 deg S. The wavelike structures in the SST maps are also in agreement at the surface with a vertical expendable bathythermograph temperature section made along the equator between 93 deg W and 125 deg W, which shows the phase of the waves tilting westward with increasing depth over the upper 75 m. Such a phase shift, if it extended 100-200 km meridionally in either direction from the equator, would be associated with an equatorward flux of heat. Similar phase shifts appear in temperature time series at depths of 20 and 50 m, from a mooring at 0-deg 33-min N, 110-deg 30-min W. Near-surface currents measured at this and a second mooring on the equator at 109-deg 40-min W indicate a regular pattern of northward advection when wave cusps pass them, followed by southwest flow during the passage of wave troughs, again consistent with an equatorward flux of heat, as well as with earlier theoretical and drift buoy findings.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 742-748
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  • 4
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    Detection of 17.5-day period meridional current oscillations in the equatorial Western Pacific Ocean during 1985 (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The first long-term, near equatorial, near surface moored current measurements recorded in the Pacific Ocean west of 160 deg W were made at 0 deg, 150 deg E during August 2, 1985 to February 1, 1986. These data revealed 17.5-day period oscillations of the meridional current. Prior to these measurements, these waves had only been observed eastward of about 165 deg W, which also was the westernmost extent of their appearance in ocean general circulation model simulations. The 17.5-day period waves also occurred in simultaneous current measurements at 140 deg W, where the wave amplitude was 3 times greater. At both sites the 17.5-day period wave amplitude was more than 50 percent of the record-length standard deviations of the meridional current component. A wider spectral bandwidth and a smaller tendency towards rectilinear motion occurred at 150 E than at 140 W.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 16; 499-502
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  • 5
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    Seasat A satellite scatterometer measurements of equatorial surface winds (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Seasat A scatterometer measurements of surface wind components made under normal weather conditions during August and September 1978 are examined. The longitudinal distributions of the monthly mean zonal component for each season are described. The average monthly mean slope of the wave number spectra throughout the 550- to 2200-km wavelength band was -1.7. The spectra levels of the zonal wind, but not the meridional component, are substantially different in each equatorial ocean.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 94; 4829-483
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  • 6
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    An atlas of monthly mean distributions of GEOSAT sea surface height, SSMI surface wind speed, AVHRR/2 sea surface temperature, and ECMWF surface wind components during 1988 (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Monthly mean global distributions for 1988 are presented with a common color scale and geographical map. Distributions are included for sea surface height variation estimated from GEOSAT; surface wind speed estimated from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager on the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program spacecraft; sea surface temperature estimated from the Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer on NOAA spacecrafts; and the Cartesian components of the 10m height wind vector computed by the European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting. Charts of monthly mean value, sampling distribution, and standard deviation value are displayed. Annual mean distributions are displayed.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-189029 , JPL-PUBL-91-8 , NAS 1.26:189029
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  • 7
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    An atlas of monthly mean distributions of SSMI surface wind speed, ARGOS buoy drift, AVHRR/2 sea surface temperature, and ECMWF surface wind components during 1991 (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The following monthly mean global distributions for 1991 are presented with a common color scale and geographical map: 10-m height wind speed estimated from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSMI) on a United States Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft; sea surface temperature estimated from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR/2) on a U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) spacecraft; Cartesian components of free-drifting buoys which are tracked by the ARGOS navigation system on NOAA satellites; and Cartesian components of the 10-m height wind vector computed by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). Charts of monthly mean value, sampling distribution, and standard deviation value are displayed. Annual mean distributions are displayed.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-196449 , JPL-PUBL-93-10 , NAS 1.26:196449
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  • 8
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    An atlas of monthly mean distributions of SSMI surface wind speed, ARGOS buoy drift, AVHRR/2 sea surface temperature, and ECMWF surface wind components during 1990 (1993)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The following monthly mean global distributions for 1990 are proposed with a common color scale and geographical map: 10-m height wind speed estimated from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSMI) on a United States (US) Air Force Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) spacecraft; sea surface temperature estimated from the advanced very high resolution radiometer (AVHRR/2) on a U.S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) spacecraft; Cartesian components of free drifting buoys which are tracked by the ARGOS navigation system on NOAA satellites; and Cartesian components on the 10-m height wind vector computed by the European Center for Medium-Range Weather Forecasting (ECMWF). Charts of monthly mean value, sampling distribution, and standard deviation values are displayed. Annual mean distributions are displayed.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-196450 , JPL-PUBL-93-1 , NAS 1.26:196450
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  • 9
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    A Pacific Ocean general circulation model for satellite data assimilation (1991)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A tropical Pacific Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) to be used in satellite data assimilation studies is described. The transfer of the OGCM from a CYBER-205 at NOAA's Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory to a CRAY-2 at NASA's Ames Research Center is documented. Two 3-year model integrations from identical initial conditions but performed on those two computers are compared. The model simulations are very similar to each other, as expected, but the simulations performed with the higher-precision CRAY-2 is smoother than that with the lower-precision CYBER-205. The CYBER-205 and CRAY-2 use 32 and 64-bit mantissa arithmetic, respectively. The major features of the oceanic circulation in the tropical Pacific, namely the North Equatorial Current, the North Equatorial Countercurrent, the South Equatorial Current, and the Equatorial Undercurrent, are realistically produced and their seasonal cycles are described. The OGCM provides a powerful tool for study of tropical oceans and for the assimilation of satellite altimetry data.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: NASA-CR-189447 , JPL-PUBL-91-9 , NAS 1.26:189447
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  • 10
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    Satellite color observations of the phytoplankton distribution in the eastern Equatorial Pacific during the 1982-1983 El Nino (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Images provided by the Coastal Zone Color Scanner (CZCS) onboard Nimbus-7 show the effect of the 1982-1983 El Nino upon the phytoplankton distribution around the Galapagos Islands, located on the equator. The CZCS scenes document a major redistribution of phytoplankton around the Galapagos Island during a period when sea-surface temperatures (SST) were anomalously high (28 to 29 C). The mixed layer was unusually thick for this region, and the winds and both the surface and subsurface flows changed directions. It is pointed out that the El Nino is characterized as one of the most spectacular examples of a large-amplitude, interannual response of the ocean to atmospheric forcing. The 1982-1983 El Nino is the best documented event of its kind to date, and details of its effects are discussed.
    Keywords: OCEANOGRAPHY
    Type: Science (ISSN 0036-8075); 226; 1069-107
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