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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-02-28
    Description: At the endoplasmic reticulum membrane, the prion protein (PrP) can be synthesized in several topological forms. The role of these different forms was explored with transgenic mice expressing PrP mutations that alter the relative ratios of the topological forms. Expression of a particular transmembrane form (termed CtmPrP) produced neurodegenerative changes in mice similar to those of some genetic prion diseases. Brains from these mice contained CtmPrP but not PrPSc, the PrP isoform responsible for transmission of prion diseases. Furthermore, in one heritable prion disease of humans, brain tissue contained CtmPrP but not PrPSc. Thus, aberrant regulation of protein biogenesis and topology at the endoplasmic reticulum can result in neurodegeneration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hegde, R S -- Mastrianni, J A -- Scott, M R -- DeFea, K A -- Tremblay, P -- Torchia, M -- DeArmond, S J -- Prusiner, S B -- Lingappa, V R -- AG02132/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Feb 6;279(5352):827-34.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94143-0444, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9452375" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Brain/metabolism/pathology ; Cricetinae ; Endopeptidases/metabolism ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/chemistry/*metabolism ; Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker Disease/metabolism ; Humans ; Intracellular Membranes/chemistry ; Mesocricetus ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Neurodegenerative Diseases/*etiology/metabolism/pathology ; PrPC Proteins/biosynthesis/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; PrPSc Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Prion Diseases/etiology/metabolism/pathology ; Prions/biosynthesis/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Protein Conformation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-12-09
    Description: Aeroallergy results from maladaptive immune responses to ubiquitous, otherwise innocuous environmental proteins. Although the proteins targeted by aeroallergic responses represent a tiny fraction of the airborne proteins humans are exposed to, allergenicity is a quite public phenomenon-the same proteins typically behave as aeroallergens across the human population. Why particular proteins tend to act as allergens in susceptible hosts is a fundamental mechanistic question that remains largely unanswered. The main house-dust-mite allergen, Der p 2, has structural homology with MD-2 (also known as LY96), the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding component of the Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signalling complex. Here we show that Der p 2 also has functional homology, facilitating signalling through direct interactions with the TLR4 complex, and reconstituting LPS-driven TLR4 signalling in the absence of MD-2. Mirroring this, airway sensitization and challenge with Der p 2 led to experimental allergic asthma in wild type and MD-2-deficient, but not TLR4-deficient, mice. Our results indicate that Der p 2 tends to be targeted by adaptive immune responses because of its auto-adjuvant properties. The fact that other members of the MD-2-like lipid-binding family are allergens, and that most defined major allergens are thought to be lipid-binding proteins, suggests that intrinsic adjuvant activity by such proteins and their accompanying lipid cargo may have some generality as a mechanism underlying the phenomenon of allergenicity.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2843411/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2843411/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Trompette, Aurelien -- Divanovic, Senad -- Visintin, Alberto -- Blanchard, Carine -- Hegde, Rashmi S -- Madan, Rajat -- Thorne, Peter S -- Wills-Karp, Marsha -- Gioannini, Theresa L -- Weiss, Jerry P -- Karp, Christopher L -- R01 AI075159/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI075159-01/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014648/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL067736/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL067736-05/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jan 29;457(7229):585-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07548. Epub 2008 Dec 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Molecular Immunology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19060881" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Air ; Allergens/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism ; Animals ; Antigens, Dermatophagoides/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism ; Arthropod Proteins ; Asthma/genetics/immunology ; Cell Line ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Lipopolysaccharides/immunology ; Lymphocyte Antigen 96/chemistry/deficiency/genetics/immunology/metabolism ; Mice ; Molecular Mimicry/*immunology ; Protein Binding ; Toll-Like Receptor 4/deficiency/genetics/*immunology/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2009-08-14
    Description: Targeting of newly synthesized membrane proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum is an essential cellular process. Most membrane proteins are recognized and targeted co-translationally by the signal recognition particle. However, nearly 5% of membrane proteins are 'tail-anchored' by a single carboxy-terminal transmembrane domain that cannot access the co-translational pathway. Instead, tail-anchored proteins are targeted post-translationally by a conserved ATPase termed Get3. The mechanistic basis for tail-anchored protein recognition or targeting by Get3 is not known. Here we present crystal structures of yeast Get3 in 'open' (nucleotide-free) and 'closed' (ADP.AlF(4)(-)-bound) dimer states. In the closed state, the dimer interface of Get3 contains an enormous hydrophobic groove implicated by mutational analyses in tail-anchored protein binding. In the open state, Get3 undergoes a striking rearrangement that disrupts the groove and shields its hydrophobic surfaces. These data provide a molecular mechanism for nucleotide-regulated binding and release of tail-anchored proteins during their membrane targeting by Get3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mateja, Agnieszka -- Szlachcic, Anna -- Downing, Maureen E -- Dobosz, Malgorzata -- Mariappan, Malaiyalam -- Hegde, Ramanujan S -- Keenan, Robert J -- MC_UP_A022_1007/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):361-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08319. Epub 2009 Aug 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, Gordon Center for Integrative Science, Room W238, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19675567" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Diphosphate/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Aluminum Compounds/chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Fluorides/chemistry/metabolism ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Methanococcus ; Models, Molecular ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Multimerization ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*chemistry ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Structure-Activity Relationship
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2013-01-22
    Description: Vascular patterning is critical for organ function. In the eye, there is simultaneous regression of embryonic hyaloid vasculature (important to clear the optical path) and formation of the retinal vasculature (important for the high metabolic demands of retinal neurons). These events occur postnatally in the mouse. Here we have identified a light-response pathway that regulates both processes. We show that when mice are mutated in the gene (Opn4) for the atypical opsin melanopsin, or are dark-reared from late gestation, the hyaloid vessels are persistent at 8 days post-partum and the retinal vasculature overgrows. We provide evidence that these vascular anomalies are explained by a light-response pathway that suppresses retinal neuron number, limits hypoxia and, as a consequence, holds local expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGFA) in check. We also show that the light response for this pathway occurs in late gestation at about embryonic day 16 and requires the photopigment in the fetus and not the mother. Measurements show that visceral cavity photon flux is probably sufficient to activate melanopsin-expressing retinal ganglion cells in the mouse fetus. These data thus show that light--the stimulus for function of the mature eye--is also critical in preparing the eye for vision by regulating retinal neuron number and initiating a series of events that ultimately pattern the ocular blood vessels.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746810/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3746810/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rao, Sujata -- Chun, Christina -- Fan, Jieqing -- Kofron, J Matthew -- Yang, Michael B -- Hegde, Rashmi S -- Ferrara, Napoleone -- Copenhagen, David R -- Lang, Richard A -- AR-47363/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY001869/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY014648/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY021636/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY022917/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01 EY023179/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Feb 14;494(7436):243-6. doi: 10.1038/nature11823. Epub 2013 Jan 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Visual Systems Group, Abrahamson Pediatric Eye Institute, Division of Pediatric Ophthalmology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio 45229, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23334418" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Count ; Cell Hypoxia/radiation effects ; Eye/*blood supply/*growth & development/metabolism/radiation effects ; Female ; Fetus/cytology/embryology/metabolism/*radiation effects ; *Light ; Light Signal Transduction/*radiation effects ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Neovascularization, Pathologic ; Neovascularization, Physiologic/radiation effects ; Photons ; Retinal Ganglion Cells/cytology/metabolism/radiation effects ; Retinal Neurons/cytology/metabolism/*radiation effects ; Rod Opsins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2015-03-07
    Description: Tail-anchored (TA) proteins are a physiologically important class of membrane proteins targeted to the endoplasmic reticulum by the conserved guided-entry of TA proteins (GET) pathway. During transit, their hydrophobic transmembrane domains (TMDs) are chaperoned by the cytosolic targeting factor Get3, but the molecular nature of the functional Get3-TA protein targeting complex remains unknown. We reconstituted the physiologic assembly pathway for a functional targeting complex and showed that it comprises a TA protein bound to a Get3 homodimer. Crystal structures of Get3 bound to different TA proteins showed an alpha-helical TMD occupying a hydrophobic groove that spans the Get3 homodimer. Our data elucidate the mechanism of TA protein recognition and shielding by Get3 and suggest general principles of hydrophobic domain chaperoning by cellular targeting factors.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413028/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4413028/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Mateja, Agnieszka -- Paduch, Marcin -- Chang, Hsin-Yang -- Szydlowska, Anna -- Kossiakoff, Anthony A -- Hegde, Ramanujan S -- Keenan, Robert J -- MC_UP_A022_1007/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- P41 GM103403/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086487/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 GM094588/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U54 GM087519/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Mar 6;347(6226):1152-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1261671.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Francis Crick Avenue, Cambridge CB2 0QH, UK. rhegde@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk bkeenan@uchicago.edu. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Chicago, 929 East 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. rhegde@mrc-lmb.cam.ac.uk bkeenan@uchicago.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25745174" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/*chemistry/metabolism ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Cytosol/enzymology ; Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factors/*chemistry/metabolism ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism ; Molecular Chaperones/chemistry/metabolism ; Multiprotein Complexes/chemistry/metabolism ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Secondary ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Protein Transport ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/*chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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