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  • 1
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    X-ray scattering study of pyrochlore iridates: Crystal structure, electronic, and magnetic excitations (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-07-07
    Description: Author(s): J. P. Clancy, H. Gretarsson, E. K. H. Lee, Di Tian, J. Kim, M. H. Upton, D. Casa, T. Gog, Z. Islam, Byung-Gu Jeon, Kee Hoon Kim, S. Desgreniers, Yong Baek Kim, S. J. Julian, and Young-June Kim We have investigated the structural, electronic, and magnetic properties of the pyrochlore iridates Eu 2 Ir 2 O 7 and Pr 2 Ir 2 O 7 using a combination of resonant elastic x-ray scattering, x-ray powder diffraction, and resonant inelastic x-ray scattering (RIXS). The structural parameters of Eu 2 Ir 2 O 7 have bee… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 024408] Published Wed Jul 06, 2016
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
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    Induced versus intrinsic magnetic moments in ultrafast magnetization dynamics (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-15
    Description: Author(s): M. Hofherr, S. Moretti, J. Shim, S. Häuser, N. Y. Safonova, M. Stiehl, A. Ali, S. Sakshath, J. W. Kim, D. H. Kim, H. J. Kim, J. I. Hong, H. C. Kapteyn, M. M. Murnane, M. Cinchetti, D. Steil, S. Mathias, B. Stadtmüller, M. Albrecht, D. E. Kim, U. Nowak, and M. Aeschlimann One of the ultimate goals for future spintronic applications is to manipulate magnetic states of matter on the shortest of timescales. Here, the authors investigate the optically induced ultrafast demagnetization and remagnetization dynamics of ferromagnetic alloys based on either intrinsic or induced magnetic moments. Using pump-probe spectroscopy in combination with dynamic spin model simulations, they find that a CoFeB alloy with intrinsic magnetic moments on the Fe and Co sites reveals a distinct asymptotic amplitude limit of the remagnetization process, while in FePt the induced moments of the Pt sites stay always proportional to those of Fe. [Phys. Rev. B 98, 174419] Published Wed Nov 14, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3795
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
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    Characteristic dynamic modes and domain-wall motion in magnetic nanotubes excited by resonant rotating magnetic fields (2016)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2016-07-21
    Description: Author(s): Jaehak Yang, Junhoe Kim, Bosung Kim, Young-Jun Cho, Jae-Hyeok Lee, and Sang-Koog Kim We performed micromagnetic numerical calculations to explore a cylindrical nanotube's magnetization dynamics and domain-wall (DW) motions driven by eigen-circular-rotating magnetic fields of different frequencies. We discovered the presence of two different localized DW oscillations as well as asymm… [Phys. Rev. B 94, 024425] Published Wed Jul 20, 2016
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
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  • 4
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    Autistic-like social behaviour in Shank2-mutant mice improved by restoring NMDA receptor function (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-16
    Description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a group of conditions characterized by impaired social interaction and communication, and restricted and repetitive behaviours. ASD is a highly heritable disorder involving various genetic determinants. Shank2 (also known as ProSAP1) is a multi-domain scaffolding protein and signalling adaptor enriched at excitatory neuronal synapses, and mutations in the human SHANK2 gene have recently been associated with ASD and intellectual disability. Although ASD-associated genes are being increasingly identified and studied using various approaches, including mouse genetics, further efforts are required to delineate important causal mechanisms with the potential for therapeutic application. Here we show that Shank2-mutant (Shank2(-/-)) mice carrying a mutation identical to the ASD-associated microdeletion in the human SHANK2 gene exhibit ASD-like behaviours including reduced social interaction, reduced social communication by ultrasonic vocalizations, and repetitive jumping. These mice show a marked decrease in NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) glutamate receptor (NMDAR) function. Direct stimulation of NMDARs with D-cycloserine, a partial agonist of NMDARs, normalizes NMDAR function and improves social interaction in Shank2(-/-) mice. Furthermore, treatment of Shank2(-/-) mice with a positive allosteric modulator of metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5), which enhances NMDAR function via mGluR5 activation, also normalizes NMDAR function and markedly enhances social interaction. These results suggest that reduced NMDAR function may contribute to the development of ASD-like phenotypes in Shank2(-/-) mice, and mGluR modulation of NMDARs offers a potential strategy to treat ASD.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Won, Hyejung -- Lee, Hye-Ryeon -- Gee, Heon Yung -- Mah, Won -- Kim, Jae-Ick -- Lee, Jiseok -- Ha, Seungmin -- Chung, Changuk -- Jung, Eun Suk -- Cho, Yi Sul -- Park, Sae-Geun -- Lee, Jung-Soo -- Lee, Kyungmin -- Kim, Daesoo -- Bae, Yong Chul -- Kaang, Bong-Kiun -- Lee, Min Goo -- Kim, Eunjoon -- England -- Nature. 2012 Jun 13;486(7402):261-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11208.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biological Sciences, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22699620" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing/*genetics ; Animals ; Antimetabolites/pharmacology ; *Autistic Disorder/genetics/metabolism ; Behavior, Animal/*drug effects/physiology ; Benzamides/*pharmacology ; Cycloserine/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics ; Pyrazoles/*pharmacology ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*agonists/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
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    Two replication fork maintenance pathways fuse inverted repeats to rearrange chromosomes (2013)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2013-09-10
    Description: Replication fork maintenance pathways preserve chromosomes, but their faulty application at nonallelic repeats could generate rearrangements causing cancer, genomic disorders and speciation. Potential causal mechanisms are homologous recombination and error-free postreplication repair (EF-PRR). Homologous recombination repairs damage-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and single-ended DSBs within replication. To facilitate homologous recombination, the recombinase RAD51 and mediator BRCA2 form a filament on the 3' DNA strand at a break to enable annealing to the complementary sister chromatid while the RecQ helicase, BLM (Bloom syndrome mutated) suppresses crossing over to prevent recombination. Homologous recombination also stabilizes and restarts replication forks without a DSB. EF-PRR bypasses DNA incongruities that impede replication by ubiquitinating PCNA (proliferating cell nuclear antigen) using the RAD6-RAD18 and UBC13-MMS2-RAD5 ubiquitin ligase complexes. Some components are common to both homologous recombination and EF-PRR such as RAD51 and RAD18. Here we delineate two pathways that spontaneously fuse inverted repeats to generate unstable chromosomal rearrangements in wild-type mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells. Gamma-radiation induced a BLM-regulated pathway that selectively fused identical, but not mismatched, repeats. By contrast, ultraviolet light induced a RAD18-dependent pathway that efficiently fused mismatched repeats. Furthermore, TREX2 (a 3'--〉5' exonuclease) suppressed identical repeat fusion but enhanced mismatched repeat fusion, clearly separating these pathways. TREX2 associated with UBC13 and enhanced PCNA ubiquitination in response to ultraviolet light, consistent with it being a novel member of EF-PRR. RAD18 and TREX2 also suppressed replication fork stalling in response to nucleotide depletion. Interestingly, replication fork stalling induced fusion for identical and mismatched repeats, implicating faulty replication as a causal mechanism for both pathways.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3805358/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3805358/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hu, Lingchuan -- Kim, Tae Moon -- Son, Mi Young -- Kim, Sung-A -- Holland, Cory L -- Tateishi, Satoshi -- Kim, Dong Hyun -- Yew, P Renee -- Montagna, Cristina -- Dumitrache, Lavinia C -- Hasty, Paul -- 1 R01 CA123203-01A1/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- 2P01AG017242-12/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA054174/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA013330/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA123203/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Sep 26;501(7468):569-72. doi: 10.1038/nature12500. Epub 2013 Sep 8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Medicine/Institute of Biotechnology, The Barshop Institute for Longevity and Aging Studies, The University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas 78245-3207, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24013173" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Chromosomal Instability/*genetics ; Chromosome Breakage ; Chromosomes, Mammalian/*genetics ; DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded ; DNA Repair/*genetics ; DNA Replication/*genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Embryonic Stem Cells/metabolism ; Exodeoxyribonucleases/metabolism ; Homologous Recombination/*genetics ; Hydroxyurea/pharmacology ; Inverted Repeat Sequences/*genetics ; Mice ; Nucleotides/deficiency/metabolism ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen/metabolism ; Rad51 Recombinase/metabolism ; RecQ Helicases/metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Conjugating Enzymes/metabolism ; Ubiquitination/radiation effects ; Ultraviolet Rays
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Injectable, cellular-scale optoelectronics with applications for wireless optogenetics (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-13
    Description: Successful integration of advanced semiconductor devices with biological systems will accelerate basic scientific discoveries and their translation into clinical technologies. In neuroscience generally, and in optogenetics in particular, the ability to insert light sources, detectors, sensors, and other components into precise locations of the deep brain yields versatile and important capabilities. Here, we introduce an injectable class of cellular-scale optoelectronics that offers such features, with examples of unmatched operational modes in optogenetics, including completely wireless and programmed complex behavioral control over freely moving animals. The ability of these ultrathin, mechanically compliant, biocompatible devices to afford minimally invasive operation in the soft tissues of the mammalian brain foreshadow applications in other organ systems, with potential for broad utility in biomedical science and engineering.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3769938/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3769938/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kim, Tae-il -- McCall, Jordan G -- Jung, Yei Hwan -- Huang, Xian -- Siuda, Edward R -- Li, Yuhang -- Song, Jizhou -- Song, Young Min -- Pao, Hsuan An -- Kim, Rak-Hwan -- Lu, Chaofeng -- Lee, Sung Dan -- Song, Il-Sun -- Shin, Gunchul -- Al-Hasani, Ream -- Kim, Stanley -- Tan, Meng Peun -- Huang, Yonggang -- Omenetto, Fiorenzo G -- Rogers, John A -- Bruchas, Michael R -- R00 DA025182/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R00DA025182/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS081707/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS081707/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Apr 12;340(6129):211-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1232437.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Frederick Seitz Materials Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23580530" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Behavior, Animal ; Brain/*physiology ; *Brain Mapping/instrumentation/methods ; Electric Stimulation ; Electrophysiological Phenomena ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Microelectrodes ; Miniaturization ; Neurons/*physiology ; *Optogenetics ; Photic Stimulation ; *Semiconductors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Unusual magnetic properties induced by local structure in a quasi-one-dimensional Ising chain system: α-CoV_{2}O_{6} (2012)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-06-29
    Description: Author(s): Bongjae Kim, Beom Hyun Kim, Kyoo Kim, Hong Chul Choi, Sang-Yeon Park, Y. H. Jeong, and B. I. Min We have investigated the origins of large orbital magnetic moment (OM) and unique magnetic anisotropy in the quasi-1D magnetic cobaltate, α -CoV 2 O 6 , employing both the ab initio band structure method and the microscopic cluster model calculations. We have found that the peculiar crystal electric fiel... [Phys. Rev. B 85, 220407] Published Thu Jun 28, 2012
    Keywords: Magnetism
    Print ISSN: 1098-0121
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  • 8
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    Magnetic droplet nucleation with a homochiral Néel domain wall (2017)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2017-06-13
    Description: Author(s): Sanghoon Kim, Peong-Hwa Jang, Duck-Ho Kim, Mio Ishibashi, Takuya Taniguchi, Takahiro Moriyama, Kab-Jin Kim, Kyung-Jin Lee, and Teruo Ono We investigate the effect of the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI) on magnetic domain nucleation in a ferromagnetic thin film with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy. We propose an extended droplet model to determine the nucleation field as a function of the in-plane field. The model can explai… [Phys. Rev. B 95, 220402(R)] Published Mon Jun 12, 2017
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 9
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    Magnetic domain-wall tilting due to domain-wall speed asymmetry (2018)
    American Physical Society (APS)
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    Publication Date: 2018-04-10
    Description: Author(s): Dae-Yun Kim, Min-Ho Park, Yong-Keun Park, Joo-Sung Kim, Yoon-Seok Nam, Hyun-Seok Hwang, Duck-Ho Kim, Soong-Geun Je, Byoung-Chul Min, and Sug-Bong Choe Broken symmetries in diverse systems generate a number of intriguing phenomena and the analysis on such broken symmetries often provides decisive clues for exploring underlying physics in the systems. Recently, in magnetic thin-film systems, the Dzyaloshinskii-Moriya interaction (DMI)—induced by the... [Phys. Rev. B 97, 134407] Published Mon Apr 09, 2018
    Keywords: Magnetism
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  • 10
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    Interplay between R 4f and Fe 3d states in charge-ordered RFe_{2}O_{4} (R=Er, Tm, Lu) (2013)
    American Physical Society (APS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-11
    Description: Author(s): D. H. Kim, Jihoon Hwang, Eunsook Lee, J. Kim, B. W. Lee, Han-Koo Lee, J.-Y. Kim, S. W. Han, S. C. Hong, Chang-Jong Kang, B. I. Min, and J.-S. Kang The electronic structures of R 4 f and Fe 3 d states of R Fe 2 O 4 ( R =Er, Tm, Lu) have been investigated by employing soft x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and magnetic circular dichroism at the Fe 2 p and R 3 d absorption edges. It is found that the valence states of Fe and R ions are nearly Fe 2.5+ and ... [Phys. Rev. B 87, 184409] Published Fri May 10, 2013
    Keywords: Magnetism
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