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  • Solar Physics  (8)
  • NONMETALLIC MATERIALS  (4)
  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (3)
  • 1
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    Feasibility study of the welding of SiC (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: In a brief study of the feasibility of welding sintered alpha-SiC, solid-state welding and brazing were investigated. Joint quality was determined solely by microstructural examination. Hot-pressure welding was shown to be feasible at 1950 C. Diffusion welding and brazing were also successful under hot isostatic pressure at 1950 C when boride, carbide, and silicide interlayers were used. Furnace brazing was accomplished at 1750 C when a TiSi2 interlayer was introduced.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: American Ceramic Society, Communications (ISSN 0002-7820); 68; C-151 to
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  • 2
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    Effect of hot isostatic pressing on the properties of sintered alpha silicon carbide (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Two lots of alpha silicon carbide were isostatically hot-pressed under 138 MPa for 2 h in Ar at temperatures up to 2200 C. Nearly theoretically dense specimens resulted. Hot isostatic pressing increased both room-temperature strength and 1200 C strength, and resulted in improved reliability. One lot of material which was pressed at 2200 C showed increases of about 20 percent in room-temperature strength and about 50 percent in 1200 C flexural strength; the Weibull modulus improved about 100 percent.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: American Ceramic Society Bulletin (ISSN 0002-7812); 64; 1253-125
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  • 3
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    Effect of hot isostatic pressing on reaction-bonded silicon nitride (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Specimens of nearly theoretical density have been obtained through the isostatic hot pressing of reaction-bonded silicon nitride under 138 MPa of pressure for two hours at 1850, 1950, and 2050 C. An amorphous phase that is introduced by the hot isostatic pressing partly accounts for the fact that while room temperature flexural strength more than doubles, the 1200 C flexural strength increases significantly only after pressing at 2050 C.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: American Ceramic Society, Communications (ISSN 0002-7820); 67; C-208 to
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  • 4
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    Plasma and Field Observations at the Day-Side, Equatorial Magnetopause, Boundary Layers and Magnetosphere (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: The Polar spacecraft's orbit has precessed in latitude to an orientation that places it at the dayside magnetopause every 18 hours. In this configuration the various regions near the magnetopause(LLBL, turbulent boundary layer, magnetosphere, and magnetosheath) are sampled with high temporal and spatial resolution. These observational periods-ranging from several minutes to more than two hours-provide an unprecedented look at plasma conditions in these regions. Initial analysis of the low-energy ion data from TIDE reveal plasmaspheric-like ions within the turbulent boundary layer. Within this layer, circularly polarized waves accelerate these ions to 30-40 kilometers per second perpendicular to the local magnetic field. These relatively high velocities allow the H(+) to be observed above the -2V spacecraft potential. They also put the low-density O(+) in the higher-energy, higher sensitivity channels such that densities of order 10e-2 can be observed.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
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  • 5
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    Directly Driven Ion Outflow (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: We examine ionospheric outflows in the high altitude magnetospheric polar cap during the POLAR satellite's apogee on April 19, 1996 using the Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment (TIDE) instrument. The elevated levels of O(+) observed in this pass may be due to the geophysical conditions during and prior to the apogee pass. In addition to the high abundance of O(+) relative to H(+), several other aspects of this data are noteworthy. We observe relationships between the density, velocity, and temperature which appear to be associated with perpendicular heating and the mirror force, rather than adiabatic expansion. The H(+) outflow is at a fairly constant flux which is consistent with being source limited by charge exchange at lower altitudes. Local centrifugal acceleration in the polar cap is found to be insufficient to account for the main variations we observe in the outflow velocity. The solar wind speed is high during this pass approximately 700 kilometers per second, and there are Alfve'n waves present in the solar wind such that the solar wind speed and IMF Bx are correlated. In this pass both the H(+) and O(+) outflow velocities correlate with both the solar wind speed and IMF fluctuations. Polar cap magnetometer and Hydra electron data show the same long period wave structure as found in the solar wind and polar cap ion outflow. In addition, the polar cap Poynting flux along the magnetic field direction correlates well with the H(+) temperature (R=0.84). We conclude that the solar wind can drive polar cap ion outflow particularly during polar squalls by setting up a parallel drop that is tens of eV which then causes the ion outflow velocity of O(+) and H(+), the electrons, and magnetic perturbations to vary in a similar fashion.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: American Geophysical Union 2001 Meeting; May 29, 2001; Boston, MA; United States
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  • 6
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    A Multispacecraft/Instrument Case Study of the Relationship Between the Solar Wind and Ionospheric Plasma Outflow (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The study of the relationship between the solar wind and ionospheric plasma outflows is fundamental to understanding the solar- terrestrial relationship. A multi-spacecraft/instrument case study has been carried out to address this relationship. On 11-26-00 the Polar spacecraft made a pass through the southern cleft region near perigee where the Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment (TIDE) instrument observed a classic Cleft Ion Fountain/upwelling ion signature. These observations followed several pressure pulses from the solar wind as evidenced by observations from the Magnetic Field Instrument (MFI) on the WIND spacecraft. Several interesting electric field features were observed by the Electric Field Instrument (EFI) as Polar appeared to pass through a narrow region of strong currents into a region with significant oscillations at a large range of frequencies. In addition, coincident with the TIDE observations of ion outflow, the low-energy edge of the characteristic V-shape of cusp ion injections was also observed. During this same time frame the Cluster spacecrafts crossed the magnetopause in the dusk sector and observed the electric field signatures associated with this region on all three satellites. This event is addressed in detail to further detail cleft ion fountain source characteristics, to add additional data regarding the hypothesis that solar wind pressure pulses are a trigger for cleft outflow, and to investigate possible interactions among waves, ionospheric plasma, and cusp injected plasma.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: Mar 26, 2001 - Mar 30, 2001; Nice; France
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  • 7
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    Solar Wind Influence on the Oxygen Content of Ion Outflow in the High-Altitude Polar Cap During Solar Minimum Conditions (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We correlate solar wind and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) properties with the properties of O(+) and H(+) during early 1996 (solar minimum) at altitudes between 5.5 and 8.9 R(sub E) geocentric using the Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment (TIDE) on the Polar satellite. Throughout the high-altitude polar cap we observe H(+) to be more abundant than O(+). O(+) is found to be more abundant at lower latitudes when the solar wind speed is low (and Kp is low), while at higher solar wind speeds (and high Kp), O(+) is observed across most of the polar cap. The O(+) density and parallel flux are well organized by solar wind dynamic pressure, both increasing with solar wind dynamic pressure. Both the O(+) density and parallel flux have positive correlations with both V(sub SW)B(sub IMF) and E(sub SW). No correlation is found between O(+) density and IMF Bz, although a nonlinear relationship with IMF By is observed, possibly due to a strong linear correlation with the dynamic pressure. H(+) is not as highly correlated with solar wind and IMF parameters, although H(+) density and parallel flux are negatively correlated with IMF By and positively correlated with both V(sub SW)B(sub IMF) and E(sub SW). In this solar minimum data set, H(+) is dominant, so that contributions of this plasma to the plasma sheet would have very low O(+) to H(+) ratios.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: Paper-2000JA003022 , Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 106; A4; 6067-6084
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  • 8
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    How Ionospheric Ions Populate the Magnetosphere during a Magnetic Storm (2008)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: Ionospheric oxygen ions have been observed throughout the magnetosphere, from the plasma sheet to the ring current region. I t has been found that the O+ /H+ density ratio in the magnetosphere increases with geomagnetic activity and varies with storm phases. During the magnetic storm in late September to earIy October 2002, Cluster was orbiting in the plasma sheet and ring current regions. At prestorm time, Cluster observed high H+ density and low O+ density in the plasma sheet and lobes. During the storm main phase, 0+ density has increased by 10 times over the pre-storm level. Strong field-aligned beams of O+ were observed in the lobes. O+ fluxes were significantly reduced in the central plasma sheet during the storm recovery. However, 0+ was still evident on the boundaries of the plasma sheet and in the lobes. In order to interpret the Cluster observations and to understand how O+ ions populate the magnetosphere during a magnetic storm, we model the storm in early October 2002 using our global ion kinetic simulation (GIK). We use the LFN global simulation model to produce electric and magnetic fields in the outer magnetosphere, the Strangeway outflow scaling with Delcourt ion trajectories to include ionospheric outflows, and the Fok inner magnetospheric model for the plasmaspheric and ring current response to all particle populations. We find that the observed composition features are qualitatively reproduced by the simulations, with some quantitative differences that point to future improvements in the models.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: American Geophysical Union Meeting; Dec 15, 2008 - Dec 19, 2008; San Francisco, CA; United States
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  • 9
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    When is O+ Observed in the High Altitude Polar Cap? (2000)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Solar wind and IMF properties are correlated with the properties of O+ and H+ in the polar cap at altitudes greater than 5.5 Re geocentric using the Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment (TIDE) on the Polar satellite. O+ is of primary interest in this study because the fraction of O+ present in the magnetosphere is commonly used as a measure of the ionospheric contribution to the magnetosphere. O+ is observed to be most abundant at lower latitudes when the solar wind speed is low and across most of the polar cap at high solar winds speeds and Kp. As the solar wind dynamic pressures increases more O+ is present in the polar cap. The O+ density is also shown to be more highly correlated with the solar wind dynamic pressure when IMF Bz is positive. H+ was not as well correlated with solar wind and IMF parameters although some correlation with IMF By is observed. H+ is more plentiful when IMF By is negative than when it is positive. In this data set H+ is very dominate so that if this plasma makes it to the plasma sheet its contribution to the plasma sheet would have a very low O+ to H+ ratio.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: May 30, 2000; Washington, DC; United States
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  • 10
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    Electron Bulk Acceleration and Thermalization at Earth's Quasiperpendicular Bow Shock (2018)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Electron heating at Earth's quasiperpendicular bow shock has been surmised to be due to the combined effects of a quasistatic electric potential and scattering through wave-particle interaction. Here we report the observation of electron distribution functions indicating a new electron heating process occurring at the leading edge of the shock front. Incident solar wind electrons are accelerated parallel to the magnetic field toward downstream, reaching an electron-ion relative drift speed exceeding the electron thermal speed. The bulk acceleration is associated with an electric field pulse embedded in a whistler-mode wave. The high electron-ion relative drift is relaxed primarily through a nonlinear current-driven instability. The relaxed distributions contain a beam traveling toward the shock as a remnant of the accelerated electrons. Similar distribution functions prevail throughout the shock transition layer, suggesting that the observedacceleration and thermalization is essential to the cross-shock electron heating.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: GSFC-E-DAA-TN60656 , Physical Review Letters (ISSN 0031-9007) (e-ISSN 1079-7114); 120; 22; 225101
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