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  • Hydrologie  (1)
  • ddc:631.4  (1)
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2022-10-04
    Description: Soil aeration is a critical factor for oxygen‐limited subsoil processes, as transport by diffusion and advection is restricted by the long distance to the free atmosphere. Oxygen transport into the soil matrix is highly dependent on its connectivity to larger pore channels like earthworm and root colonised biopores. Here we hypothesize that the soil matrix around biopores represents different connectivity depending on biopore genesis and actual coloniser. We analysed the soil pore system of undisturbed soil core samples around biopores generated or colonised by roots and earthworms and compared them with the pore system of soil, not in the immediacy of a biopore. Oxygen partial pressure profiles and gas relative diffusion was measured in the rhizosphere and drilosphere from the biopore wall into the bulk soil with microelectrodes. The measurements were linked with structural features such as porosity and connectivity obtained from X‐ray tomography and image analysis. Aeration was enhanced in the soil matrix surrounding biopores in comparison to the bulk soil, shown by higher oxygen concentrations and higher relative diffusion coefficients. Biopores colonised by roots presented more connected lateral pores than earthworm colonised ones, which resulted in enhanced aeration of the rhizosphere compared to the drilosphere. This has influenced biotic processes (microbial turnover/mineralization or root respiration) at biopore interfaces and highlights the importance of microstructural features for soil processes and their dependency on the biopore's coloniser.
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In Schleswig-Holstein haben sich Verwallungen als ein vielversprechendes Konzept zur Wiedervernässung als einleitender Schritt zur Renaturierung von Hochmooren dargestellt. In dieser Studie wurde der Wasserstaueffekt der Verwallung (bestehend aus einem Torfdamm mit darunterliegender Verfüllungsgrube als „Torfspundwand“) anhand bodenphysikalischer Kennwerte an drei Hochmoorstandorten in Schleswig-Holstein überprüft. Als Prüfparameter eignen sich mit zunehmender Indikation Trockenrohdichte, Luftkapazität (Grobporen 〉 50 um) und gesättigte Wasserleitfähigkeit, die sensibel auf Verdichtungsprozesse - wie sie in der Verwallung durch die Baggeraktivität erzeugt werden - reagieren. Um den erwünschten Verdichtungseffekt näher zu quantifizieren, wurden vergleichbare Untersuchungen an einem jeweiligen Referenzstandort in den gleichen Bodentiefen (50 und 100 cm unter GOF) durchgeführt. Es wurde festgestellt, dass in der Verfüllungsgrube die Wasserleitfähigkeit in horizontaler Richtung gegenüber der Referenzfläche abnimmt, was die seitliche Wasserbewegung aus dem Moorkörper vermindert. Dieser Staueffekt wurde allerdings nur in 50 cm Tiefe, nicht in 100 cm Tiefe erreicht. Geringe Trockenrohdichte und hohe Luftkapazitäten in 100 cm Tiefe deuten auf eine nachlassende Wirkung der Verdichtung durch die Baggerlast mit der Tiefe. Zum anderen bedingte das Zerstören der natürlichen Torfstrukturen und die Durchmischung eine Störung der Porenfunktionalität in der Verwallung, so dass die besonders leitfähigen Grobporen nicht in Zusammenhang mit einer Zunahme der horizontalen Wasserleitfähigkeit stehen. Ihr positiver Effekt auf den Wasserfluss wirkt daher nur in vertikaler, nicht in horizontaler Richtung. Die damit erzeugte Umkehr der Anisotropie von einer stärker horizontal, wie in den natürlich geschichteten Torfen der Referenz, zu einer stärker vertikal ausgeprägten Fließrichtung in der Verwallung wird daher mit als eine entscheidende Steuergröße für das Abflussregime gesehen, die die Effektivität der Wasserrückhaltung verbessert.
    Description: The rewetting of degraded raised bogs with the help of water retaining peat dams proved to be a promising restoration strategy in Schleswig-Holstein. In this study, the water retention effect of peat dam systems (consisting ofan aboveground peat dam and a belowground pit refilled with the parent peat material from the surroundings acting as “piling wall”) was analysed at three raised bog sites in Schleswig-Holstein. The evaluation based on the following soil physical test values with increasing indication power: bulk density, air capacity (coarse pores 〉 50 um) and saturated hydraulic conductivity, which likely react sensitively to compaction processes during the dam construction by excavators. In order to quantify the barrier function of the belowground “piling wall” at each site, comparable analyses were conducted at the same sampling depths (50 and 100 cm below ground surface) on an adjacent, undisturbed reference site with natural peat stratification. The results indicated a decreased saturated hydraulic conductivity in horizontal direction in the 50 cm depth of the “piling wall” compared to the reference site. In contrast, a low bulk density and a high air capacity was found in the 100 cm depth, indicating that the compaction intensity declined with depth. On the other hand, the disruption of the natural peat structure by excavators and the following mixing process reduced pore functionality in the peat dam systems. Consequently, the increase in highly conductible macropores only led to an improvement of the hydraulic conductivity in the vertical, but not in the horizontal direction. This reversal of anisotropy from a more horizontally pronounced, like in the undisturbed reference peat soil, to a more vertically pronounced flow direction in the peat dam systems might be an important control parameter for the water flow regime, improving the efficiency of water retention inside the raised bog body.
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen, DGMT
    Description: research
    Keywords: 553.21 ; Moor ; Wiedervernässung ; Hydrologie ; Hochmoor ; bog ; peatland ; FID-GEO-DE-7
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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