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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (129)
  • Humans  (53)
  • Pelagic fisheries  (40)
  • Trap fishing  (39)
  • Life and Medical Sciences
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 20 (1982), S. 1279-1285 
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The copolymerization of β-pinene with styrene oxide (SO) and β-pinene with N-vinylpyrrolidone (VP) was investigated by using SnCl4 in dichloromethane diluent at low temperature. Monomer reactivity ratios were evaluated for both copolymers at -80°C; these are r1(SO) = 2.979 and r2(β-pinene) = 0.002 and r1(VP) = 0.096 and r2(β-pinene) = 0.294.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 161 (1994), S. 129-141 
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: NIH-3T3 cells transfected with yeast H+-ATPases (RN1A cells) are tumorigenic (Perona and Serrano, 1988, Nature, 334: 438). We have previously shown that RN1a cells maintain a chronically high intracellular pH (pHin) under physiological conditions. We have alsoshown that RN1a cells are serum-independent for growth, maintain a higher intracellular Ca2+(in), and glycolyze more rapidly than their non-transformed counterparts (Gillies et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 1990, 87: 7414; Gillies et al., Cell. Physiol. Biochem., 1992, 2: 159). The present study was aimed to understand the interrelationships between glycolysis, pHin, and [Ca2+]in in RN1a cells and their non-transformed counterparts, NIH-3T3 cells. Our data show that the higher rate of glycolysis observed in RN1a cell is due to the presence of low affinity glucose transporters. Consequently, the higher rate of glycolysis is exacerbated at high glucose concentration in RN1a cells. Moreover, the maximal velocity (Vmax) for glucose utilization is up to sixfold higher in RN1a cells than in the NIH-3T3 cells, suggesting that the number of glucose transporters is higher in RN1a than NIH-3T3 cells. Glucose addition to NIH-3T3 cells results in modest decreases in both pHin and [Ca2+]in. In contrast, RN1a cells respond to glucose with a large decrease in pHin, followed by a large decrease in [Ca2+]in. The decrease in [Ca2+]in observed upon glucose addition is likely due to activation of Ca2+-ATPase by glycolysis, since the Ca2+ decrease is abolished by the Ca2+ ATPase inhibitors thapsigargin and cyclopiazonic acid. Glucose addition to ATP-depleted cells results in a decrease in [Ca2+]in, suggesting that ATP furnished by glycolysis is utilized by this pump. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The role of intracellular pH (pHin) in the regulation of cell growth in both normal and transformed cells is a topic of considerable controversy. In an effort to study this relationship NIH 3T3 cells were stably transfected with the gene for the yeast H+-ATPase, constitutively elevating their pHin. The resulting cell line, RN1a, has a transformed phenotype: The cells are serum independent for growth, clone in soft agar, and form tumors in nude mice. In the present study, we further characterize this system in order to understand how transfection with this proton pump leads to serum-independent growth, using defined media to investigate the effects of specific growth factors on the transfected and parental NIH 3T3 cells. While both cell lines show similar growth increases in response to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and epidermal growth factor (EGF), they respond differently to insulin, insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and PDGF-AA. RN1a cells exhibit increased growth at nanomolar concentrations of insulin but the parental cells had only a relatively minor response to insulin at 10 μM. Both cell lines showed some response to IGF-I in the nanomolar range but the response of RN1a cells was much larger. Differences in insulin and IGF-I receptor number alone could not explain these results. The two cell lines also respond differently to PDGF-AA. RN1a cells are relatively insensitive to stimulation by PDGF-AA and express fewer PDGF α receptors as shown by Northern blots and receptor-binding studies. We propose a unifying hypothesis in which the H+-ATPase activates a downstream element in the PDGF-AA signal transduction pathway that complements insulin and IGF-I signals, while leading to downregulation of the PDGF α receptor. © 1994 wiley-Liss, Inc.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2007-09-18
    Description: Antibodies play a central role in immunity by forming an interface with the innate immune system and, typically, mediate proinflammatory activity. We describe a novel posttranslational modification that leads to anti-inflammatory activity of antibodies of immunoglobulin G, isotype 4 (IgG4). IgG4 antibodies are dynamic molecules that exchange Fab arms by swapping a heavy chain and attached light chain (half-molecule) with a heavy-light chain pair from another molecule, which results in bispecific antibodies. Mutagenesis studies revealed that the third constant domain is critical for this activity. The impact of IgG4 Fab arm exchange was confirmed in vivo in a rhesus monkey model with experimental autoimmune myasthenia gravis. IgG4 Fab arm exchange is suggested to be an important biological mechanism that provides the basis for the anti-inflammatory activity attributed to IgG4 antibodies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉van der Neut Kolfschoten, Marijn -- Schuurman, Janine -- Losen, Mario -- Bleeker, Wim K -- Martinez-Martinez, Pilar -- Vermeulen, Ellen -- den Bleker, Tamara H -- Wiegman, Luus -- Vink, Tom -- Aarden, Lucien A -- De Baets, Marc H -- van de Winkel, Jan G J -- Aalberse, Rob C -- Parren, Paul W H I -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 14;317(5844):1554-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sanquin Research-AMC Landsteiner Laboratory, Department of Immunopathology, Plesmanlaan 125, 1066 CX Amsterdam, the Netherlands.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17872445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Allergens/immunology ; Animals ; Antibodies, Bispecific/immunology ; Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology ; Antigens, CD20/immunology ; Antigens, Plant ; Autoantibodies/immunology ; Glycoproteins/immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin Constant Regions/chemistry ; Immunoglobulin Fab Fragments/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin G/*chemistry/*immunology/metabolism ; Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains ; Macaca mulatta ; Mice ; Mutation ; Myasthenia Gravis, Autoimmune, Experimental/immunology/prevention & control ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/immunology ; Receptors, Cholinergic/immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: El presente estudio corresponde al levantamiento y análisis de la información biológica-pesquera de la temporada 2010 y la actualización de los indicadores históricos de la pesquería demersal austral (PDA) basada en las especies objetivo merluza del sur (Merluccius australis), congrio dorado (Genypterus blacodes), merluza de tres aletas (Micromesistius australis) y raya volantín (Zearaja chilensis) como también las especies secundarias como cojinoba moteada (Seriolella punctata) y cojinaba ploma (Seriolella punctata) y cojinoba ploma (Seriolelella caerulea). El área de operación de la flota comprende entre las latitudes 37° y 57°S, estableciendo para fines de administración pesquera una zona norte (41°28,6’-47°00’S) y una zona sur (47°01’-57°S) en aguas exteriores (Al oeste de la línea de base recta)
    Description: The present study is to survey and analysis of biological data and fishery of the 2010 season and updating the historical indicators of austral demersal fisheries (PDA) based on the target species in southern hake (Merluccius australis), golden eel (Genypterus blacodes) Southern blue whiting (Micromesistius australis) and kite line (Zearaja chilensis) as well as secondary species such as spotted warehou (Seriolella punctata) and Heermann cushions (Seriolella punctata) and Heermann warehou (Seriolelella caerulea). The area of ​​operation of the fleet between latitudes 37° and 57° S, for administration by establishing a northern fishing (41° 28.6 ’-47° 00’S) and south (47° 01’-57° S) in offshore waters (west of the straight baseline)
    Description: Unpublished
    Keywords: Merluccius australis ; Micromesistius australis ; Zearaja chilensis ; Seriolella caerulea ; Genypterus blacodes ; marine environment ; Benthic environment ; Pelagic fisheries ; Stock assessment ; Trap fishing ; Bathymetric data ; Biomass ; Age determination ; Size-at-age ; Length-weight relationships ; Spawning ; Salinity ; Recruitment
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Non-Refereed , Article
    Format: 193pp. & Anexos
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 39 (1996), S. 435-444 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using the Brownian dynamics simulation technique, we studied the fracture process of DNA chains subjected to transient extensional flow, letting the solution with DNA molecules pass through a very small orifice (radius = 0.0065 cm), thus experiencing extensional flow of the convergent (sink) type. The DNA molecules were modeled as FENE bead-spring chains with the springs obeying a modified Warner force law, as proposed by Reese and Zimm. The fracture yield was strongly dependent on flow rate and molecular weight, reaching, in our setup, a level of 100% at a flow rate of around 0.001 cm3/s for DNA with molecular weight 26 × 106 (T7 DNA). There was found to exist a critical flow rate (Qcrit) below which fracture did not occur, in accordance with what was observed in studies on polystyrene in transient extensional flow. We found that for DNA, the critical flow rate depended on the molecular weight as Qcrit ∼ M-14 when the hydrodynamic interaction effect (HI) was not included in the simulations. When HI was accounted for, the relation was found to be Qcrit ∼ M-1.1, close to the theoretical prediction for fracture of partly extended chains in transient extensional flow. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 152 (1987), S. 79-91 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Diese Untersuchung befaßt sich mit einigen kinetischen Merkmalen der Reaktion von n-Butylisocyanat mit Polyvinylalkohol ohne jeden Katalysator und unter Verwendung von Triethylendiamin als Katalysator. Die Struktur der resultierenden Polymeren wurde mit Hilfe der IR-, 1H-, und 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie und chemischer Analyse ermittelt. Es wurden Vinylalkohol-Vinylbutylurethancopolymere (VAL-VBU) erhalten. Es ergab sich eine lineare Abhängigkeit der Reaktionsgeschwindigkeit von Polymer-, n-Butylisocyanat- und Triethylendiaminkonzentration. Die Reaktionsgeschwindigkeitskonstante nimmt mit zunehmender Reaktionszeit ab. Das kann mit der sterischen Hinderung durch die Urethangruppen, die entlang der Polymerkette eingebaut sind, erklärt werden. Die Aktivierungsenergie ergab sich zu 49,9 kJ/mol. Eine kinetische Untersuchung der homogenen Hydrolyse von VAL-VBU-Copolymeren wurde durchgefilhrt als Funktion der Basenkonzentration, der Temperatur und des VBU Gehalts. Es zeigte sich, daß die homogene Hydrolyse als Reaktion 1 . Ordnung verliluft, sowohl im Hinblick auf die Hydroxylionen als auch auf den VBU-Gehalt. Die Aktivierungsenergie filr die basenkatalysierte Hydrolyse betragt 79,3 kJ/mol. Die heterogene Hydrolyse von VAL-VBU-Copolymeren im basischen Medium zeigte, daß keine Hydrolyse unter diesen Bedingungen stattfand.
    Notes: This study is concerned with some kinetic features of the reaction of n-butyl isocyanate with poly(vinyl alcohol) without any catalyst and using triethylene diamine as catalyst. The structure of the resulting polymers was determined by means of IR, 1H- and 13C-NMR spectroscopy as well as by chemical analysis. Vinyl alcohol-vinyl butyl urethane (VAL-VBU) copolymers were obtained. It has been found a linear dependence of reaction rate on polymer, n-butyl isocyanate, and triethylene diamine concentrations. Reaction rate constant decreases as reaction time increases. It can be explained by steric hindrance phenomena due to urethane groups incorporated along the polymeric chain. The activation energy was found to be 49.9 kJ/mol. A kinetic study of the homogeneous hydrolysis of VAL-VBU copolymers has been made as a function of the base concentration, the temperature, and the VBU content. The homogeneous hydrolysis was found to be first order with respect to both hydroxyl ion and VBU contents. The activation energy for the base catalyzed homogeneous hydrolysis was found to be 79.3 kJ/mol. The heterogeneous hydrolysis of VAL-VBU copolymers in basic medium showed that no hydrolysis takes place under the conditions employed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 156 (1988), S. 37-48 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Neue Diglycidylester wurden in Gegenwart von quaternären Ammoniumsalzen als Katalysator aus ihren entsprechenden Dicarbonsäuren und Epichlorhydrin hergestellt. Die neuen unsymmetrischen Produkte wurden durch spektroskopische Methoden identifiziert und als Monomere in einer Aushärtungsreaktion eingesetzt. Der Reaktionsverlauf wurde mittels IR-Spektroskopie verfolgt. Die Struktur einiger 1öslicher Zwischenprodukte wurde durch 13C-NMR-Spektroskopie ermittelt. Das thermische Verhalten dieser ausgehärteten Epoxidharze wurde ebenfalls untersucht.
    Notes: New diglycidyl esters coming from the corresponding diacids and epichlorohydrin were synthetized using a quaternary ammonium salt as a catalyst. The new asymmetric compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods and employed as starting monomers in a crosslinking process. The course of the reactions was followed by IR spectroscopy. Some intermediate species were identified in the onset of the reactions by recording 13C-NMR spectra until the products became insoluble in the usual deuterated solvents. The thermal behaviour of these cured epoxy resins was also studied.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 178 (1990), S. 1-16 
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die seit langem in der Literatur als “Indophenin-Reaktion” bekannte Umsetzung von Isatin mit Thiophen wurde systematisch untersucht und auf die Umsetzung mit Bithiophen erweitert. Die Reaktionsprodukte wurden isoliert und durch FT-IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR sowie GPC charakterisiert.Im Gegensatz zu den Literaturdaten wurden Reaktionsprodukte mit höheren Molgewichten und anderer Molmassenverteilung gefunden. Die Reaktionsbedingungen - Lösungsmittel, Temperatur und Konzentration - sind für den Reaktionsablauf und die entstehenden Produkte von entscheidender Bedeutung.Füur die oligomeren Reaktionsprodukte werden neue Strukturen vorgeschlagen, die in Übereinstimmung mit allen analytischen Daten sind. Anhand eines Formelschemas werden die Reaktionen des Isatins mit Thiophen (Bithiophen) erläutert.
    Notes: A systematic study of the well-known indophenin reaction between isatin and thiophene was extended to embrace bithiophene. The products of the reactions were isolated and characterized by FT-IR, UV, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and GPC. The values of the thus determined molar masses and molar mass distributions differed from the data given in the literature. The reaction conditions - solvent, temperature, and concentration - are of crucial importance for the course of the reaction and the products obtained.New structures suggested for the oligomeric reaction products agree with all the analytical data. The reactions between isatin and thiophene (bithiophene) are explained schematically.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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