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  • 1
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    Reorganization of North Atlantic marine copepod biodiversity and climate (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-06-01
    Description: We provide evidence of large-scale changes in the biogeography of calanoid copepod crustaceans in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and European shelf seas. We demonstrate that strong biogeographical shifts in all copepod assemblages have occurred with a northward extension of more than 10 degrees latitude of warm-water species associated with a decrease in the number of colder-water species. These biogeographical shifts are in agreement with recent changes in the spatial distribution and phenology detected for many taxonomic groups in terrestrial European ecosystems and are related to both the increasing trend in Northern Hemisphere temperature and the North Atlantic Oscillation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Beaugrand, Gregory -- Reid, Philip C -- Ibanez, Frederic -- Lindley, J Alistair -- Edwards, Martin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 May 31;296(5573):1692-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Sir Alister Hardy Foundation for Ocean Science, The Laboratory Citadel Hill, Plymouth PL1 2PB, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12040196" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Atlantic Ocean ; *Climate ; *Crustacea ; *Ecosystem ; Geography ; Principal Component Analysis ; Seasons ; *Seawater ; Temperature ; *Zooplankton
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of euphausiids II. Thysanoessa inermis and T. raschi in the North Sea and American Coastal Waters (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 59 (1980), S. 225-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Results from the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) survey for 1966 and 1967 are used to describe seasonal changes in abundance, size and aspects of the population structure of Thysanoessa inermis (Krøyer) and T. raschi (M. Sars) at a depth of 10 m in the North Sea and in American coastal waters from the Grand Banks to the Gulf of Maine. Production and dry weight were estimated from these data. Two year-groups were usually present in the breeding population, the proportion surviving into a second year being higher in American waters than in the North Sea. Annual production for each species was within the range 0.69 to 4.66 mg m-3 and the ratio between production and biomass (P:B) was between 1.3 and 4.2; values outside these ranges were obtained only for American coastal waters in 1967, when the frequency of sampling was low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00404745
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of euphausiids (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 71 (1982), S. 1-6 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal changes in the abundance, size and occurrence of furciliae of Euphausia krohni (Brandt), Nematoscelis megalops (G. O. Sars) and Thysanoessa gregaria G. O. Sars are described from samples taken at 10 m depth with the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR) over a period of 2 yr (January 1966 to December 1967) in the North Atlantic Ocean. E. krohni and T. gregaria were found to breed through most of the year but N. megalops bred only in spring and summer. Annual mean biomass was calculated directly from the data and production was estimated from published P:B ratios. The seasonal occurrences of E. brevis Hansen, E. hemigibba Hansen, E. mutica Hansen, E. tenera Hansen, Stylocheiron longicorne G. O. Sars, S. maximum Hansen, Thysanopoda acutifrons Holt and Tattershall and T. aequalis Hansen in the samples are described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00396985
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ecological investigations with the undulating oceanographic recorder: The hydrography and plankton of the waters adjacent to the Orkney and Shetland Islands (1976)
    Springer
    Marine biology 39 (1976), S. 77-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract This paper describes the results of a survey of the North Sea and north Atlantic waters adjacent to the Orkney and Shetland Islands, from 23 May to 9 June, 1973, using simultaneous tows of the prototype Undulating Oceanographic Recorder (UOR) and the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR). The UOR sampled plankton and measured salinity and temperature over its undulation profile from 5 to 65 m in depth. The CPR sampled plankton at a fixed depth of 10 m. Three principal water masses were identified, each with a characteristic plankton community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395597
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of euphausiids. I. Thysanoessa longicaudata in the North Atlantic Ocean (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 46 (1978), S. 121-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Adults and furciliae of Thysanoessa longicaudata (Krøyer) taken in continuous plankton records (CPR) in 1966 and 1967 were examined and measured. The measurements were converted to biomass using a length/weight equation, and net production values were calculated from these data. Two generations were spawned annually in the eastern North Atlantic Ocean and only one in the colder western waters and in the Norwegian Sea. The timing of reproduction in the spring was correlated with the mean sea-surface temperature. The highest annual production values (up to 12.24 mg dry weight m-3 year-1) were recorded in the eastern areas, where the ratio between production and biomass was usually between 4:1 and 8:1 compared with ratios usually between 2:1 and 3:1 in the western waters. The values for daily production per individual ranged from 3.34 μg dry weight day-1 to 17.54 μg day-1. Mortality in the early stages of development was calculated as about 98.2% of the eggs produced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391527
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vertical distributions of decapod crustacean larvae and pelagic post-larvae over Great Sole Bank (Celtic Sea) in June 1983 (1986)
    Springer
    Marine biology 90 (1986), S. 545-549 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Variations in the vertical distributions of pelagic stages of decapod crustaceans are described from five hauls taken over the Great Sole Bank in June 1983. Analyses of the results discriminated between the distributions mainly according to the time of day at which the hauls were taken, suggesting that diel variations were their most significant feature. Substantial ontogenetic variations were observed in the distributions of Processa canaliculata.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00409275
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Continuous plankton records: The occurrence of apostome ciliates (Protozoa) on Euphausiacea in the North Atlantic Ocean and North Sea (1978)
    Springer
    Marine biology 46 (1978), S. 131-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The phoronts (resting cysts) of apostome ciliates have been recorded on Euphausia hemigibba, E. krohni, Meganyctiphanes norvegica, Nematoscelis megalops, Nyctiphanes couchi, Thysanoessa gregaria, T. inermis, T. longicaudata and T. raschi taken in the Continuous Plankton Recorder Survey of the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. Variations in the percentage of host euphausiids infested by apostomes have been studied in relation to species, geography, body size and season. The percentage infestation was found to be related mainly to the body size of the hosts. The apostomes are believed to be species that develop either in the exuviae discarded exoskeletons or corpses of the euphausiids, or in the digestive systems of predators of the euphausiids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00391528
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plankton of the fladen ground during FLEX 76 II. Population dynamics and production of Thysanoessa inermis (Crustacea: Euphausiacea) (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 57 (1980), S. 79-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Samples taken in the northern North Sea with the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR), the Undulating Oceanographic Recorder (UOR) and the Longhurst-Hardy Plankton Recorder (LHPR) during the Fladen Ground Experiment in 1976 (FLEX 76) are used to describe the vertical distribution and population dynamics of Thysanoessa inermis (Krøyer) and to provide estimates of the production and carbon budget of the population from 19th March to 3 June 1976. Spawning occurred in late April and early May, in near synchronisation with the start of the spring bloom of phytoplankton. Eggs, nauplii and calyptopes reached maximum abundance in succession, and furciliae were numerous when sampling ceased in early June. Adults increased in length from a mean of 12.1 mm in mid-March to 17.5 mm in early June and the estimated production was 2.40 mg m-3 over the 74 d period. Total carbon ingested by the population of T. inermis was estimated to be 10 mg C m-2 d-1 in the upper 100m which was only 1.5% of the daily primary production of 0.68 gC m-2 measured over the FLEX period 26 March to 4 June 1976. The grazing by T. inermis on the phytoplankton population was assumed to have little effect on the control and depletion of the spring phytoplankton bloom during FLEX 77.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00387373
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plankton of the fladen ground during FLEX 76 III. Vertical distribution, population dynamics and production of Calanus finmarchicus (Crustacea: Copepoda) (1980)
    Springer
    Marine biology 60 (1980), S. 47-56 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Samples taken in the northern North Sea with the Continuous Plankton Recorder (CPR), the Undulating Oceanographic Recorder (UOR), the Longhurst Hardy Plankton Recorder (LHPR) and by our colleagues from other participating Institutes during the Fladen Ground Experiment (FLEX 76) were used to describe the vertical distribution and population dynamics of Calanus finmarchicus (Gunnerus) and to provide estimates of the production and carbon budget of the population from 19 March to 3 June, 1976. Total production of the 19 March to 3 June, 1976. Total production of the nauplii and copepodite stages (including adults), during the exponential growth phase in May, was estimated to be in the range of 0.49 to 0.91 g C m-2 d-1 or 29.0 to 55 g dry wt m-2 (14.5 to 27.8 g C m-2) for the three successive 10 d periods in May. Two gross growth efficiencies (K 1) (20 and 34%), together with the lower value of C. finmarchicus production, were used to calculate the gross ingestion levels of algae as 2.45 and 1.44 g C m-2 d-1 (73.5 and 43.2 g C m-2 over the May period). These ingestion levels, together with the algae ingested by other zooplankton species, are greater than the estimated total phytoplankton production of 45.9 g C m-2 over the FLEX period. A number of factors are discussed which could explain the discrepancies between the production estimates. One suggestion is that the vertical distribution of the development stages of this herbivorous copepod and their diel and ontogenetic migration patterns enable it to efficiently exploit its food source. Data from the FLEX experiment indicated that the depletion of nutrients limited the size of the spring bloom, but that it was the grazing pressure exerted by C. finmarchicus which was responsible for the control and depletion of the phytoplankton in the spring of 1976 in the northern North Sea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395605
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Population dynamics and production of euphausiids (1982)
    Springer
    Marine biology 66 (1982), S. 37-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Seasonal changes in abundance, size and aspects of the population structure of Meganyctiphanes norvegica (M. Sars) and Nyctiphanes couchi (Bell) are described from samples taken with the “Continuous Plankton Recorder” at 10 m depth over a 2 yr period (1966 and 1967) in the North Atlantic Ocean and the North Sea. M. norvegica lived for a maximum of just over 2 yr, and adults of both year-classes spawned during a limited breeding season in the spring or summer. N. couchi spawned over a prolonged breeding season, giving rise to a complex of cohorts with overlapping size ranges. It was concluded that 3 or 4 cohorts were spawned in each year and that the maximum life span was probably greater than 1 yr, although maturity may be attained in less than a year. Estimated annual production at 10 m depth for M. norvegica ranged from 0.80 to 18.74 mg m-3yr-1 and for N. couchi from 0.67 to 8.23 mg m-3yr-1. P:B ratios ranged from 1.3:1 to 6.3:1 for M. norvegica and 4.0:1 to 5.5:1 for N. couchi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397252
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