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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Thermally anomalous fluids released in seismic areas in Slovenia were the subjects of geochemical monitoring. Thermal waters were surveyed from the seismically active area of Poso$cje (Bled and Zatolmin; NW Slovenia) and from Rogaska Slatina in eastern Slovenia. Continuous monitoring of geochemical parameters (radon concentration, electrical conductivity, and water temperature) was performed with discrete gas sampling for their 3He/4He ratio. The observed values were correlated with meteorological parameters (rainfall, barometric pressure and air temperature) and with seismic activity. Only a few earthquakes occurred in the vicinity of the measuring sites during the monitoring period. Nevertheless, changes in radon concentration, water temperature, electrical conductivity and helium isotopic ratio were detected at the three thermal springs in the periods preceding the earthquakes. A close correlation was also observed of both water temperature and electrical conductivity with the Earth tide, making the observations in the selected sites a promising tool for addressing the widely debated question of earthquake prediction.
    Description: Ministry of Education,Science and Sport of Slovenia
    Description: Published
    Description: 919–930
    Description: partially_open
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Thermal waters ; Geochemistry ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.02. Hydrological processes: interaction, transport, dynamics ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.03. Groundwater processes ; 03. Hydrosphere::03.02. Hydrology::03.02.04. Measurements and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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    Format: 482322 bytes
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: Field observations coupled with experimental results show that CO2 can be produced by mechanical energy applied to carbonate rocks becoming an unexpected additional gas source besides that degassed from the mantle or produced by thermometamorphism. The evidence that a large amount of carbon dioxide associated with radiogenic-type helium (R/Ra as low as 0.01–0.08) is released through continental areas, denotes the absence of a contribution from the mantle or from mantle-derived fluids. Data collected during the seismic crisis which struck the Central Apennines in 1997–98 have shown an enhanced CO2 flux not associated with the presence of mantle or thermometamorphic-derived fluids. On the other hand, new experimental results highlight the possibility of producing CO2 by mechanical energy that acts on the calcite crystalline lattice. While the CO2 released over the geothermal areas (e.g., Larderello Geothermal Field) is obviously derived by mantlederived activities, this is not the case of the huge amount of CO2 released over the seismically active areas where the presence mantle-derived products is ruled out. We propose that mechanical energy, e.g., released during seismic events, microseismicity or creeping processes is a possible additional energy source able to produce CO2 and thus could explain the presence of CO2 degassing over tectonic areas where the influence of the mantle is low. 1. Introduction Apart from the water va
    Description: Published
    Description: 75–94
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Isotope ; Geochemistry ; seismicity ; CO2 production ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.01. Geochemical data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In tutto il mondo nelle aree di collisione tettonica è stata osservata la presenza di sorgenti di acque calde o di gas di origine endogena (Italiano et al., 2001 e riferimenti citati). Il gas emesso più importante sotto il profilo quantitativo è l’anidride carbonica il cui ruolo è stato spesso sottolineato per giustificare la generazione di anomalìe di carattere geochimico osservate nelle acque sotterranee o nelle emissioni gassose. Nell’Italia centro-meridionale esistono numerose emissioni spontanee di anidride carbonica note come mofete o mefite. Nel corso della sequenza sismica del 1997 verificatasi in Umbria-Marche sono state monitorate le caratteristiche fisiche e composizionali di alcune emissioni di CO2 presenti nel territorio interessato dai principali eventi di carattere tettonico (Martinelli e Albarello, 1997). In particolare nel corso del 1997 sono state osservate variazioni di flusso di gas totale nelle emissioni di Monte Castello di Vibio, Umbertide e Massa Martana. Nelle stesse aree sono state osservate variazioni significative di carattere composizionale in grado di confermare la non stazionarietà dell’origine dei gas emessi (Italiano et al., 2004; Italiano et al., 2009 e bibliografia citata). Nel Comune di Massa Martana è localizzata l’emissione spontanea di anidride carbonica di San Faustino. L’emissione principale è captata da una opera di presa composta da una stanza sotterranea e da un insieme di tubi che convogliano il gas verso l’esterno. Alla fine del percorso di tubi è stata installata una strumentazione in grado di misurare la portata del gas. Il sensore è del tipo a “filo caldo”. Altri parametri di carattere ambientale sono monitorati nel sito e nella zona. Nel periodo 2005-2008 sono state osservate variazioni nei valori di portata del gas emesso in parte probabilmente ascrivibili alla attività tettonica della zona. Nel corso del 2009 sono stati affrontati e risolti problemi tecnici di alimentazione elettrica, ripristinata nel corso del mese di marzo. Alla fine del mese di Marzo 2009 e nel mese di aprile 2009 i valori di portata registrati sono stati pari a circa il doppio della normalità. I valori di portata sono poi ridiscesi entro la normalità entro un mese dalla data dell’evento principale della sequenza sismica del 2009 che ha interessato vaste aree dell’Abruzzo. La distanza tra il sito di osservazione e l’area epicentrale dell’evento principale della sequenza simica dell’aprile 2009 è di circa 80 km. Nella letteratura scientifica sono state riportateanomalìe di carattere geofisico e geochimico rilevate a distanze paragonabili a quelle descritte in concomitanza con eventi simici significativi. Fenomeni di possibile degassamento terrestre sono stati rilevati in quasi contemporaneità da altre unità di ricerca in grado di monitorare fenomenologie di area vasta con l’ausilio di tecniche satellitari (Aliano et al., 2009; Tramutoli et al., 2009). Il fenomeno osservato è iniziato alcuni giorni prima dell’evento sismico (Mw=6.3) del 6 aprile 2009 e può essere, in principio, interpretato come esito di processi di deformazione crostale osservati da altre unità di ricerca (e.g. Caporali, 2009). La composizione chimica di gas campionati nell’area epicentrale indica l’esistenza di fenomeni di fratturazione profonda e di liberazione di anidride carbonica di origine non superficiale (Bonfanti et al., 2009 e bibliografia citata, Italiano et al., 2009). La generazione e liberazione di gas di origine profonda è, in principio, in grado di confermare l’esistenza di possibili ulteriori anomalìe osservate nei fluidi della zona (e.g. Plastino et al., 2009). Il fenomeno osservato potrebbe essere interpretato come un fenomeno precursore dell’evento principale registrato e analizzato a posteriori. La possibile applicabilità del fenomeno osservato come strumento utile per migliorare le valutazioni di hazard è discussa e commentata.
    Description: OGS Trieste Provincia Trieste EUCENTRE Codevintec
    Description: Published
    Description: 28° Convegno Nazionale Gruppo Nazionale di Geofisica della Terra Solida - Trieste 16-19 Novembre 2009
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: open
    Keywords: Degassing ; Active faults ; L'Aquila earthquake ; Geochemistry ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Extended abstract
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A periodic sampling of the groundwaters and dissolved and free gases in selected deep wells located in the area affected by the May-June 2012 southern Po Valley seismic sequence has provided insight into seismogenic-induced changes of the local aquifer systems. The results obtained show progressive changes in the fluid geochemistry, allowing it to be established that deep-seated fluids were mobilized during the seismic sequence and reached surface layers along faults and fractures, which generated significant geochemical anomalies. The May-June 2012 seismic swarm (mainshock on May 29, 2012, M 5.8; 7 shocks M 〉5, about 200 events 3 〉 M 〉 5) induced several modifications in the circulating fluids. This study reports the preliminary results obtained for the geochemical features of the waters and gases collected over the epicentral area from boreholes drilled at different depths, thus intercepting water and gases with different origins and circulation. The aim of the investigations was to improve our knowledge of the fluids circulating over the seismic area (e.g. origin, provenance, interactions, mixing of different components, temporal changes). This was achieved by collecting samples from both shallow and deep-drilled boreholes, and then, after the selection of the relevant sites, we looked for temporal changes with mid-to-long-term monitoring activity following a constant sampling rate. This allowed us to gain better insight into the relationships between the fluid circulation and the faulting activity. The sampling sites are listed in Table 1, along with the analytical results of the gas phase.
    Description: Published
    Description: 815-821
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Fluids ; Geochemistry ; Faults ; Temporal changes. ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.12. Fluid Geochemistry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The first comprehensive geochemical data-set of the fluids circulating over a 14,000 km2-wide seismicprone area of the Southern Apennines, Calabria Region (Italy), is presented here. The geochemical investigations were carried out with the twofold aim of constraining the origin and interactions of the circulating fluids and to investigate possible relationships with local faults. Sixty samples of both thermal and cold waters were collected, from which the dissolved gases were extracted. The geochemical features of the water samples display different types and degrees of water–rock interactions, irrespective of the outlet temperature. The calculated equilibrium temperatures of the thermal waters (60–160 C) and the low heat flow of thewhole study area, are consistent with a heating process due to deep water circulation and rapid upflow through lithospheric structures. The composition of the dissolved gases reveals that crustal-originating gases (N2 and CO2-dominated) feed all the groundwaters. The 3He/4He ratios of the dissolved He, in the range of 0.03–0.22Rac for the thermal waters and 0.05–0.63Rac for the cold waters (Rac = He isotope ratio corrected for atmospheric contamination), are mainly the result of a two-component (radiogenic and atmospheric) mixing, although indications of mantle-derived He are found in some cold waters. As the study area had been hit by 18 of the most destructive earthquakes (magnitude ranging from 5.9 to 7.2) occurring over a 280-a time span (1626–1908) in the Southern Apennines, the reported results on the circulating fluids may represent the reference for a better inside knowledge of the fault-fluid relationships and for the development of long-term geochemical monitoring strategies for the area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 540–554
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Fluids ; Geochemistry ; Faults ; Seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.01. Geochemical exploration
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: introduction to the special issue: 8th international conference on gas geochemistry
    Description: The 8th International Conference on Gas Geochemistry provided the opportunity for scientists from different countries to meet each other, exchange ideas on the state of the art in gas geochemistry, and discuss advance in fluid geochemistry. The 8th ICGG meeting focused on three main geologic environments currently interacting with the human life: volcanoes, earthquakes and hydrocarbons. Ninety-four presentations gave participants chance to cover a variety of important research topics on gas geochemistry in geosciences including: gas migration in terrestrial and marine environments, Earth degassing and its relation to seismicity, volcanic eruptions, rare gases and application of isotope techniques, measurement and analytical techniques.
    Description: Published
    Description: V-IX
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: fluids ; Geochemistry ; tectonics ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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