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  • General Chemistry  (8)
  • chemical vapour transport  (5)
  • chemical vapor transport  (3)
  • 1
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 719-719 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 612 (1992), S. 63-71 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxoniobates ; cobalt niobate ; chemical vapour transport ; thermodynamical calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions on the Thermal Behaviour of Oxoniobates of the Transition Metals. IV The Chemical Vapour Transport of CoNb2O6 with Cl2, NH4Cl, or HgCl2. Experiments and CalculationsWell shaped crystals of CoNb2O6 were obtained by CVT using Cl2 (added as PtCl2), NH4Cl or HgCl2 as transport agents (1020°C → 960°C). As a result of thermodynamic calculations the evaporation and deposition of CoNb2O6 in the presence of Cl2 can be expressed by the heterogenous endothermic equilibrium (1). The endothermic reaction (2) is responsible for the CVT of CoNb2O6 if NH4Cl is used as transport agent: The unfavourable site of the equilibrium (3) causes the small transport effect using HgCl2 as transport agent. Assuming ΔBH°298(CoNb2O6,s) = -524.7 kcal/mol a satisfying agreement between thermodynamical calculation and experimental results can be reached.
    Notes: Gut ausgebildete Kristalle von CoNb2O6 ließen sich mit Cl2 (Zusatz von PtCl2), NH4Cl oder HgCl2 als Transportmittel im Temperaturgefälle (1020°C → 960°C) erhalten. Mit Cl2 sowie mit NH4Cl konnten hohe, mit HgCl2 dagegen nur geringe Transportraten erzielt werden.Thermodynamische Modellrechnungen zeigen, daß der Transport in Gegenwart von Cl2 durch das heterogene endotherme Gleichgewicht (1) gut beschrieben werden kann. Bei Zugabe von NH4Cl ist die endotherme Reaktion (2) für die Wanderung von CoNb2O6 im Temperaturgradienten verantwortlich.Infolge der ungünstigen Lage des Gleichgewichts (3) ist HgCl2 als Transportmittel weniger geeignet.Experimente und Modellrechnungen zeigen eine gute Übereinstimmung, wenn ΔBH°298(CoNb2O6,f) zu - 524,7 kcal/mol abgeschätzt wird.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxoniobates ; manganese oxoniobate, MnNb2O6 ; chemical vapour transport ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions on the Thermal Behaviour of Oxoniobates of the Transition Metals. II. The Chemical Vapour Transport of MnNb2O6 with Cl2 or NH4Cl. Experiments and CalculationsCrystals of MnNb2O6 were obtained by chemical transport reactions in a temperature gradient (1020°C → 960 °C) using Cl2 (added as PtCl2) or NH4Cl as transport agent. As a result of thermodynamic calculations the evaporation and deposition of MnNb2O6 in the presence of Cl2 can be expressed by the endothermic equilibrium (1).The endothermic reaction (2) is responsible for the migration of MnNb2O6 if NH4Cl is used as transport agent.Assuming ΔH°298(MnNb2O6, s) = -567.6 kcal/mol a satisfying agreement between thermodynamic calculations and experimental results can be reached.
    Notes: Kristalle von MnNb2O6 ließen sich mit Cl2 (Zusatz von PtCl2) oder NH4Cl als Transportmittel im Temperaturgefälle (1020°C → 960° C) abscheiden. Wie thermodynamische Modellrechnungen zeigen, ist für den Transport mit Cl2 das endotherme Gleichgewicht (1) bestimmend.Bei Zugabe von NH4Cl ist die endotherme Reaktion (2) für die Wanderung von MnNb2O6 im Temperaturgradienten verantwortlich.Experimente und Modellrechnungen stimmen gut überein, wenn δBH°298(MnNb2O6, f) zu -567, 6 kcal/mol abgeschätzt wird.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 614 (1992), S. 47-52 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Oxoniobates ; nickel oxoniobate, NiNb2O6 ; chemical vapour transport ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Contributions on the Thermal Behaviour of Oxoniobates of the Transition Metals. V. Chemical Vapour Transport of NiNb2O6 with Cl2 or NH4Cl. Experiments and CalculationsWell shaped crystals of NiNb2O6 were obtained by CVT using Cl2 (added as PtCl2) or NH4Cl as transport agents (1020°C → 960°C). As a result of thermodynamic calculations the migration of NiNb2O6 in the temperature gradient in the presence of Cl2 can be expressed by the heterogenous endothermic equilibrium (1).\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm NiNb}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 6, s}} + 4{\rm Cl}_{{\rm 2, g}} = {\rm NiCl}_{{\rm 2, g}} + 2{\rm NbOCl}_{\rm 3} + {\rm 2O}_{{\rm 2, g}} {\rm \qquad (1)} $$\end{document}Assuming ΔBH298o(NiNb2O6, s) = -524.4 kcal/mol a satisfying agreement between thermodynamical calculation and experimental results can be reached.NH4Cl is less suitable as transport agent, because Ni2+ is partly reduced to the metal by NH3. The additionally H2O produced by this reduction leads to a less favourable equilibrium position of (2) and to low deposition rates.\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm NiNb}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 6, s}} + 8{\rm HCl}_{\rm g} = {\rm NiCl}_{{\rm 2, g}} + 2{\rm NbOCl}_{{\rm 3, g}} + {\rm 2H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm g} {\rm \qquad (2)} $$\end{document}.
    Notes: Gut ausgebildete Kristalle von NiNb2O6 ließen sich mit cl2 (Zusatz von PtCl2) oder NH4Cl als Transportmittel im Temperaturgefälle (1020°C→960°C) abscheiden. Begleitende thermodynamische Modellrechnungen zeigen, daß der Transport bei Zugabe von Cl2 durch das heterogene endotherme Gleichgewicht (1)\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ {\rm NiNb}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 6, f}} + 4{\rm Cl}_{{\rm 2, g}} = {\rm NiCl}_{{\rm 2, g}} + 2{\rm NbOCl}_{\rm 3} + {\rm 2O}_{{\rm 2, g}} {\rm \qquad (1)} $$\end{document}beschrieben werden kann. Experimente und Modellrechnungen sind in guter Übereinstimmung, wenn ΔBH298o(NiNb2O6, f) zu -524,4 kcal/mol abgeschätzt wird.NH4Cl ist als Transportmittel wenig geeignet, da Ni2+ zum Teil durch NH3 zum Metall reduziert wird; dadurch zusätzlich entstehendes H2O führt zu einer ungünstigen Gleichgewichtslage der Transportreaktion (2) und dementsprechend niedrigen Transportraten.\documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$${\rm NiNb}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{{\rm 6, f}} + 8{\rm HCl}_{\rm g} = {\rm NiCl}_{{\rm 2, g}} + 2{\rm NbOCl}_{{\rm 3, g}} + {\rm 2H}_{\rm 2} {\rm O}_{\rm g} {\rm \qquad (2)} $$\end{document}.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 620 (1994), S. 1953-1964 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chromium oxyiodides ; chemical vapor transport ; model calculations ; Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: On the Chemical Transport of Cr2O3 with CrI3/I2 - Experiments and Model-Calculations for Participation of CrOI2,gGaseous chromium oxyiodides that were unknown up to now cause the migration of Cr2O3 in the temperature gradient 1 000°C→900°C when iodine (e. g. 0.1 mmol/ml) and CrI3 is added (eq. (1)). Transport agent for Cr2O3 is gaseous CrI4. With a smaller concentration of iodine (D(I2) ≤ 0.016 mmol/ml) and lower temperatures (e.g. T̄ = 850°C) the influence of H2O (from the wall of the silica ampoule) becomes more important. Under these conditions the transport of Cr2O3 is a result from the endothermic reactions (2), (3) and (4). H2,g has on the basis of the decomposition of HIg a positive difference of the solubility and H2,g should not to be considered as a transport agent. Because of the range of equilibrium-values the reaction 4 has to be taken into consideration.Estimated value of the enthalpie for CrOI2,g is fixed more precisely by thermodynamic model calculation to ΔfH°298(CrOI2,g) = -51.4 kcal/mol. The estimated limit of error for the enthalpie of formation is smaller than ± 5 kcal/mol.Without an addition of CrI3 is in the system Cr2O3/I2 a migration of Cr2O3 not observable.
    Notes: Cr2O3 wandert bei Zugabe von Iod (z. B. 0,1 mmol/ml) und CrI3 im Temperaturgradienten 1 000°C→900°C über das bislang unbekannte Oxidiodid CrOI2 und CrI2 (Gl. 1), wobei CrI4 als Transportmittel anzusehen ist Mit kleineren Transportmitteldichten (D(I2) ≤ 0,016 mmol/ml) sowie weniger hoher Temperatur (z. B. T̄ = 850°C) gewinnt der Einfluß von H2O und demgemäß ein Transport von Cr2O3 über die endothermen Gleichgewichte Gl. (2) bis (4) an Bedeutung. Der Wasserstoff in Gl. (4) besitzt in den Modellrechnungen aufgrund des Zerfalls von HI eine positive Löslichkeitsdifferenz und sollte damit als Transportmittel nicht in Frage kommen. Unter den genannten Bedingungen ist diese Reaktion aufgrund der Größenordnung der Kp-Werte ebenfalls zu berücksichtigen. Thermodynamische Modellrechnungen ermöglichen, die Bildungsenthalpie des Oxidiodids auf ΔBH°298(CrOI2,g) = -51,4 kcal/mol mit einem geringeren Fehler als ± 5 kcal/mol einzugrenzen.Im System Cr2O3/I2 war ohne Zusatz von CrI3 kein Transporteffekt zu beobachten.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 77 (1965), S. 1082-1083 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 78 (1966), S. 28-41 
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Niobpentoxid kristallisiert in zahlreichen Modifikationen. Die Arbeit bringt einen Überblick, insbesondere über die Bildungsweisen, die Strukturen und das thermische Verhalten.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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