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  • eggs  (2)
  • Galeruca tanaceti  (1)
  • Ixodes ricinus  (1)
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A novel test system for detection of tick repellents (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 91 (1999), S. 431-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Schlagwort(e): repellent ; Ixodes ricinus ; host-seeking ; bioassay ; tick ; DEET
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A bioassay was developed to examine the response of ticks towards potential repellents that may protect vertebrates against tick bites. Such tick repellents must be effective despite the unavoidable presence of various attractive host-derived stimuli. Therefore, a moving-object-bioassay (MO-bioassay) was developed that mimicks body warmth and movement of vertebrates by a rotating and heated drum. Compounds which were tested for their effects on ticks were applied onto a small elevated area of the drum. Ticks were allowed to approach the drum by walking on a glass rod which ended ≈1 mm away from the local elevation. Ticks could cling to this elevation that intermittently passed by, whereas the remaining drum surface was too far away from the tip of the rod to be contacted by the ticks. Without the presence of any repellents, 85.5% of 600 hungry, field-collected Ixodes ricinus nymphs moved to the heated, rotating drum within 2 min. Further experiments with unfed I. ricinus nymphs were performed to test whether one established and two potential tick repellents elicit an avoidance reaction in the ticks despite the proven attractiveness of the drum. Freshly applied DEET (N,N-diethyl-m-toluamide) at a concentration of 0.11 mg cm−2 proved active as a repellent in the MO-bioassay over a distance of a few mm as well as by direct contact. A similar repellent effect was observed with (−)-myrtenal at 1 mg cm−2, but not at 0.1 mg cm−2, indicating that this terpenaldehyde is a weaker repellent for I. ricinus nymphs than DEET. No repellent effect was observed with camphor (0.1 mg cm−2). The MO-bioassay thus is a rapid, simple and low-cost test method allowing the investigation of tick host-contact behaviour as well as the screening of candidate repellents which are either perceived as volatiles or via contact chemoreception.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003674208992
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cardenolide glycosides from the adults and eggs ofChrysolina fuliginosa (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 48 (1992), S. 1023-1027 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Schlagwort(e): Chrysolina fuliginosa ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; beetles ; cardenolides ; eggs ; glands ; chemical defence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Besides the known sarmentogenin 3-O-β-D-allopyranoside (1) and digitoxigenin-3-O-[β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-2′, 3′-di-O-acetyl-β-D-allopyranoside] (4), four new cardiac glycosides (2, 3, 5 and6) have been isolated from the defensive glands of adults ofChrysolina fuliginosa. The structures of the new compounds were determined by1H NMR at 600 MHz and FABMS. Compounds1–6, present in the adults ofC. fuliginosa, have also been identified in the eggs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01919158
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Anthraquinones in different developmental stages ofGaleruca tanaceti (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 17 (1991), S. 2323-2332 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Schlagwort(e): Galeruca tanaceti ; Coleoptera ; Chrysomelidae ; anthraquinones ; eggs ; larvae ; hemolymph ; ovaries ; Tanacetum vulgäre ; Achillea millefolium ; feeding deterrence
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The overwintering eggs and the larvae of the leaf beetleGaleruca tanaceti (L.) contain hydroxylated anthraquinones. In both developmental stages, l,8-dihydroxy-3-methylanthraquinone (= chrysophanol) and 1,8-di-hydroxyanthraquinone (= chrysazin) were detected by GC-MS and GC-FTIR analyses. In the eggs, chrysazin was found only in traces. Anthraquinones were also present in ovaries and hemolymph of gravid females, which were investigated in order to examine the incorporation of these substances into the eggs. Neither in acidified nor in nonacidified extracts of the host plantsTanacetum vulgäre L. andAchillea millefolium L. were anthraquinones found. The activity of these anthraquinones as chemical defense substances was proved in bioassays with the antMyrmica ruginodis NYL. Further possible biological significances of anthraquinones are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00988011
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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    Artikel (Nationallizenzen)
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