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  • 1
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    Mariner 6 and 7 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment - Upper atmosphere data (1971)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Upper Martian atmosphere UV emission spectrum observation noting carbon dioxide photoionization, ion fluorescent scattering and photon/electron dissociative excitation
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ; 99-102 (
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  • 2
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    A two-dimensional model of odd nitrogen in the thermosphere and mesosphere (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Illinois Univ. Middle Atmosphere Program. Handbook for MAP. Volume 2: (NASA-CR-175509); p 442-449
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  • 3
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    The latitudinal gradient of nitric oxide in the thermosphere (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Theoretical calculations of nitric oxide altitude profiles are made at five different latitudes by using neutral temperatures and composition primarily from the MSIS (mass spectrometer and incoherent scatter) model. The nitric oxide calculated for an altitude of 105 km remains nearly constant with increasing latitude. Observations made by the ultraviolet nitric oxide instrument on the Atmosphere Explorer C satellite show that at low magnetic activity (Ap value of approximately 4), the NO density at 105 km agrees with the theory; however, at moderate levels of activity it increases with latitude. This discrepancy between the theoretical and observed latitudinal gradients of nitric oxide suggests the transport of NO from a high latitude source to lower latitudes. At 200 km the theoretical and observed latitudinal gradients are in reasonable agreement, an indication that the knowledge of the local composition and temperature is sufficient to model nitric oxide at this altitude.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 84; June 1
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  • 4
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    Mariner 6 and 7 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment - Implications of CO2/+/, CO, and O airglow. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The Mariner 6 and 7 UV spectrometer experiments observed intense emissions from CO, O, and CO2(+) in the Martian airglow. Analysis shows that they are excited predominantly by the absorption of solar EUV photons by CO2 and constitute a major energy-loss mechanism for the thermosphere. Models of the thermospheric temperature profile and the airglow layer that demonstrate the effects of neutral chemistry and ionospheric composition are developed. With their aid, the observed CO Cameron-band emission scale height of 19 (plus or minus 4.5) km is shown to suggest an exospheric temperature of 315 (plus or minus 75) K. Consideration of other data suggests a 'best' value of about 350 K. Within the uncertainties in the excitation efficiencies and in the thermospheric cooling mechanisms, the observations are consistent with the measured electron density. There is no indication in the data that the ionosphere is modified by the solar wind below 200 km.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 77; Jan. 1
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  • 5
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    The N I /5200 A/ dayglow (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The production and loss mechanisms of metastable (2D) nitrogen atoms are studied on the basis of Atmosphere Explorer satellite's measurements of 5200-A emission by the visible airglow experiment, complemented by simultaneous measurements of the ion and neutral composition of the atmosphere and the photoelectron flux. The relative yield of (2D) metastable and (4S) ground-state nitrogen atoms in the creation and destruction processes is examined. The results are used to calculate NO densities, making allowance for photochemical and vertical diffusion processes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 80; June 1
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  • 6
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    Coordinated rocket and satellite measurements of an auroral event. I - Satellite observations and analysis (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Results of a coordinated auroral experiment involving the Atmosphere Explorer C satellite and a sounding rocket are reported. Auroral primary electron fluxes and neutral gas densities measured by instruments on the satellite are used in a model calculation of the thermospheric manifestation of the aurora. There is encouraging agreement between the calculated and measured electron density, electron temperature, secondary electron flux, and O I emissions at 5577 and 6300 A. A discrepancy between the calculated and the rocket-measured 3914-A emission profile is discussed in terms of experiment geometry and auroral physics. The coordinated measurements are used to infer vertical fluxes of ionization and of electron thermal energy at high altitudes
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 82; June 1
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  • 7
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    The global distribution of thermospheric odd nitrogen for solstice conditions during solar cycle minimum (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A two-dimensional model of odd nitrogen in the thermosphere and upper mesosphere is described. The global distributions of nitric oxide and atomic nitrogen are calculated for the solstice period for quiet and moderate magnetic activity during the solar minimum period. The effect of thermospheric transport by winds is investigated along with the importance of particle-induced ionization in the auroral zones. The results are compared with rocket and satellite measurements, and the sensitivity of the model to eddy diffusion and neutral winds is investigated. Downward fluxes of NO into the mesosphere are given, and their importance for stratospheric ozone is discussed. The results show that the summer-to-winter pole meridional circulation transports both NO and N(S-4) across the solar terminator into the polar night region where there is a downward vertical transport toward the mesosphere. The model shows that odd nitrogen densities at high winter latitudes are entirely controlled by particle precipitation and transport processes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 89; 1725-173
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  • 8
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    Metastable 2D atomic nitrogen in the mid-latitude nocturnal ionosphere (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The only source at night at midlatitudes of N(2D) in the F region is the dissociative recombination of the positive NO ion, and the only important sinks are quenching by atomic oxygen and electrons. Ground-based measurements of the 5200 angstrom emission line resulting from the transition from N(2D) to N(4S) combined with satellite observations of neutral and ion densities and temperatures and the shape of the 5200 angstrom profile are used to relate the rate of quenching by atomic oxygen and the efficiency of production of N(2D) to the rate of quenching by electrons. A rate of quenching by atomic oxygen of 1.5-2.5 x 10 to the minus 12th cu cm/s and an efficiency of (0.8-1.0) plus or minus 30% for the production of N(2D) are obtained.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 81; Feb. 1
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  • 9
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    Photoionization coefficients and photoelectron impact excitation efficiencies in the daytime ionosphere (1970)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Photoionization coefficients and photoelectron impact excitation efficiencies in daytime ionosphere, noting role in dayglow
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: ; ADEMIE DES SCIENCES
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  • 10
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    Mariner 6 and 7 ultraviolet spectrometer experiment - Upper atmosphere data (1971)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Ultraviolet emissum spectrum of Mars upper atmosphere from Mariner 6 and 7 spaceprobes
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-117756
    Format: application/pdf
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