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  • 1
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    Comparison between the recent U.S. composite magnetic anomaly map and Magsat anomaly data (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The present investigation is concerned with a comparison of Magsat data with a Composite Magnetic Anomaly Map (CMAM) of the conterminous U.S. reported by Zietz (1982). The investigation was initiated to test the validity of the satellite measurements, and to provide insights into error or problems in either data set. It is found that upward continuation of the digital CMAM data is not in qualitative agreement with the Magsat map. However, if a least squares fit polynomial surface is taken out prior to upward continuation, there is improved quantitative agreement between a residual CMAM and Magsat. Causes for the remaining differences between the residual, upward continued CMAM and the Magsat map are also considered.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 2543-254
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  • 2
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    Initial vector magnetic anomaly map from Magsat (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Global magnetic component anomaly field maps have been derived from the Magsat vector magnetometer data obtained from November 1979 through May 1980. The amplitude of variations of the components over the maps are between 10 and 15 nT, well above the noise in the data. Averaged data, in 2-by-2 deg blocks, exhibit standard errors of the mean of about 1 nT over most of the X and Z maps, and about 2 nT over most of the Y maps. Errors rise to about twice these amounts near the auroral belts. Most of the anomalies in the component data are consistent with a crustal magnetization model which incorporates dipoles aligned only in the direction of the main field. However, there appear to be some regions which require dipoles aligned in some other direction i.e., remanent magnetization.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 9; Apr. 198
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  • 3
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    Initial scalar magnetic anomaly map from Magsat (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Magsat data acquired during the November 1979-June 1980 mission was used to derive a scalar magnetic anomaly map covering +50 to -50 deg geographic latitude, and the separation of anomaly fields from core and external fields was accomplished by techniques developed for POGO satellite data. Except in the Atlantic and Pacific at latitudes south of -15 deg, comparison of the Magsat map with its POGO data-derived counterpart shows basic anomaly patterns to be reproducible, and higher resolution due to Magsat's lower measurement altitude. Color-coded scalar anomaly maps are presented for both satellites.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 9; Apr. 198
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  • 4
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    Well-resolved observations by ISEE 2 of ion dispersion in the magnetospheric cusp (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: During a prolonged period of southward IMF on October 30, 1978, the ISEE 2 spacecraft observed an unusually prolonged and distinct region of ion energy-time dispersion in the dayside dawn magnetosphere. Observed plasma features included the (1) presence of magnetosheath electrons and initial absence of magnetosheath ions and (2) subsequent arrival and energy-time dispersion of magnetosheath ions as the spacecraft transited outbound from 6.03 to 7.66 Earth radii. We use ISEE 2 ion measurements to illustrate these dispersive time-of-flight effects and to support our interpretation of a location in the north magnetospheric cusp. Ion energy dispersion persists for about 35 min and includes well-resolved sequences of magnetosheath and magnetospheric ion distributions. We focus primarily on observations and time-of-flight analysis of ions from the magnetosheath, which are observed simultaneously entering and exiting the cusp at different energies. We discuss the observational support and shortcomings of various ion injection locations and durations and conclude that quasi-steady merging at the dayside magnetopause, with ion dispersion caused by spacecraft motion away from the last closed field line, is the most likely scenario.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 98; A8; p. 13,429-13,440.
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  • 5
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    Wave mode identification of electrostatic noise observed with ISEE 3 in the deep tail boundary layer (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The characteristics of the VLF electrostatic noise observed with ISEE 3 in the low-latitude boundary layer of distant geomagnetic tail are examined using a display format for the wave dynamic spectra different from that used by Scarf et al. (1984). It is shown that the observed noise is composed of impulsive bursts. The results of the detailed analysis of the noise parameters are used to develop a model of plasma wave behavior in the plasma rest frame. A hypothesis is proposed that the wide frequency extent of the noise spectra is composed of Doppler effects of waves propagating nearly omnidirectionally within the plasma rest frame, which is moving with the electron bulk speed. On the basis of this hypothesis, the wavelength of the observed waves were determined from the width of the frequency extent and the measured electron bulk speed. It is shown that the wavelength ranges from 2 to 8 times the plasma Debye length.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 14
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  • 6
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    Geomagnetic activity associated with earth passage of interplanetary shock disturbances and coronal mass ejections (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Coronal mass ejection events (CMEs) are important occasional sources of plasma and magnetic field in the solar wind at 1 AU, accounting for approximately 10 percent of all solar wind measurements in the ecliptic plane during the last solar activity maximum. Using a recently appreciated capability for distinguishing CMEs in solar wind data in the form of counterstreaming solar wind electron events, this paper explores the overall effectiveness of shock wave disturbances and CMFs in general in stimulating geomagnetic activity. The study is confined to the interval from mid-August 1978 through mid-October 1982, spanning the last solar activity maximum, when ISEE 3 was in orbit about the L1 Lagrange point 220 Re upstream from earth. It is found that all but one of the 37 largest geomagnetic storms in that era were associated with earth passage of CMEs and/or shock disturbances, with the large majority of these storms (27 out of 37) being associated with interplanetary events where earth encountered both a shock and the CME driving the shock (shock/CME events). Although CMEs and/or shock disturbances were increasingly the cause of geomagnetic activity as the level of geomagnetic activity increased, many smaller geomagnetic disturbances were unrelated to these events.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 96; 7831-783
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  • 7
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    Coronal mass ejections and large geomagnetic storms (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Previous work indicates that coronal mass ejection (CME) events in the solar wind at 1 AU can be identified by the presence of a flux of counterstreaming solar wind halo electrons (above about 80 eV). Using this technique to identify CMEs in 1 AU plasma data, it is found that most large geomagnetic storms during the interval surrounding the last solar maximum (August 1978 - October 1982) were associated with earth-passage of interplanetary disturbances in which the earth encountered both a shock and the CME driving the shock. However, only about one CME in six encountered by earth was effective in causing a large geomagnetic storm. Slow CMEs which did not interact strongly with the ambient solar wind ahead were particularly ineffective in a geomagnetic sense.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 901-904
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  • 8
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    Effect of possible passage through Halley's magnetic tail on geomagnetic activity (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: It is found that there occurred a geomagnetic storm on May 18/19, 1910 that cannot be dismissed as a recurrent storm. The period of storminess is close to the period of time at which the magnetic and plasma tail of Halley should have passed over the earth. The signature is worldwide and of the form and magnitude expected if the solar wind were shielded from the earth by the comet. Comparison with computer simulations applicable closer to the comet suggests that this interpretation is feasible. If this interpretation is correct, the 'lobes' of the Halley tail have deeper lows at 24 x 10 to the 6th km than in the present model at 7 x 10 to the 6th km downstream and are at least twice as wide.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 92; 11195-11
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