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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition of anomalous cosmic rays and implications for the heliosphere (1996)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 78 (1996), S. 117-128 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: abundances ; anomalous cosmic rays ; Voyager ; interstellar medium ; heliosphere ; solar wind termination shock
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract We use energy spectra of anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) measured with the Cosmic Ray instrument on the Voyager 1 and 2 spacecraft during the period 1994/157-313 to determine several parameters of interest to heliospheric studies. We estimate that the strength of the solar wind termination shock is 2.42 (−0.08, +0.04). We determine the composition of ACRs by estimating their differential energy spectra at the shock and find the following abundance ratios: H/He = 5.6 (−0.5, +0.6), C/He = 0.00048 ± 0.00011, N/He = 0.011 ± 0.001, O/He = 0.075 ± 0.006, and Ne/He = 0.0050 ± 0.0004. We correlate our observations with those of pickup ions to deduce that the long-term ionization rate of neutral nitrogen at 1 AU is ∼ 8.3 × 10−7 s−1 and that the charge-exchange cross section for neutral N and solar wind protons is ∼ 1.0 × 10−15 cm2 at 1.1 keV. We estimate that the neutral C/He ratio in the outer heliosphere is 1.8(−0.7, +0.9) × 10−5. We also find that heavy ions are preferentially injected into the acceleration process at the termination shock.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170798
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The isotopic composition of anomalous cosmic rays from sampex (1996)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 78 (1996), S. 149-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Keywords: abundances ; isotopes ; anomalous cosmic rays ; SAMPEX ; neon ; interstellar medium ; heliosphere ; trapped heavy ions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measurements of the anomalous cosmic ray (ACR) isotopic composition have been made in three regions of the magnetosphere accessible from the polar Earth orbit of SAMPEX, including the interplanetary medium at high latitudes and geomagnetically trapped ACRs. At those latitudes where ACRs can penetrate the Earth's magnetic field while fully stripped galactic cosmic rays (GCRs) of similar energies are excluded, a pure ACR sample is observed to have the following composition: 15N/N 〈 0.023, 18O/16O 〈 0.0034, and 22Ne/20Ne = 0.077(+0.085, −0.023). We compare our values with those found by previous investigators and with those measured in other samples of solar and galactic material. In particular, a comparison of 22Ne/20Ne measurements from various sources implies that GCRs are not simply an accelerated sample of the local interstellar medium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00170801
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  • 3
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    Cosmic rays and the boundaries of the heliosphere (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Anomalous cosmic rays (ACRs) are interstellar neutrals that drift into the heliosphere, become singly ionized, and are convected to the termination shock of the solar wind, where they are thought to be accelerated to hundreds of MeV. Because their effective origin is at the termination shock, studies of their gradients and spectral shape can reveal important clues about the shock's location, its strength, and the source flux of ACRs. Recently, such studies have predicted that one or more of the Voyager and Pioneer spacecraft may cross the termination shock in the next few years. In addition, there have been studies of galactic cosmic rays that shed new light on the location of the modulation boundary of these particles, which may be the heliopause region. In this talk, we will review these observations and the information they provide about the boundaries of the heliosphere.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: ; 51
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Average elemental isotopic composition of small solar energetic particle events (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Description: We have examined the FIP fractionation effects on the average composition of the small SEP events, and discuss the ensuing implications for the origin and acceleration of nuclei in these events.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: 27th Internationaal Cosmic Ray Conference Proceedings|27th Internationaal Cosmic Ray Conference; Hamburg; Germany
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  • 5
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    How common are flare suprathermals in the inner heliosphere? (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-08
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: Solar Wind 10 Conference; Pisa; Italy
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Streaming energetic electrons in earth's magnetotail - Evidence for substorm-associated magnetic reconnection (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: This letter reports the results of a systematic study of streaming greater than 200 keV electrons observed in the magnetotail with the Caltech Electron/Isotope Spectrometers aboard IMP-7 and IMP-8. A clear statistical association of streaming events with southward magnetic fields, often of steep inclination, and with substorms as evidenced by the AE index is demonstrated. These results support the interpretation that streaming energetic electrons are indicative of substorm-associated magnetic reconnection in the near-earth plasma sheet.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 7; Nov. 198
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Plasma behavior during energetic electron streaming events further evidence for substorm-associated magnetic reconnection (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A recent study showed that streaming energetic (more than 200 keV) electrons in earth's magnetotail are statistically associated with southward magnetic fields and with enhancements of the AE index. It is shown here that the streaming electrons characteristically are preceded by an approximately 15-minute period of tailward plasma flow and followed by a dropout of the plasma sheet, thus demonstrating a clear statistical association between substorms and the classical signatures of magnetic reconnection and plasmoid formation. Additionally, a brief upward surge of mean electron energy preceded plasma dropout in several of the events studied, providing direct evidence of localized, reconnection-associated heating processes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters; 9; June 198
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Energetic electrons in the magnetosheath and upstream of the bow shock (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Four years of data gathered by the IMP 8 electron/isotope spectrometer are used in a study of the characteristics and transport of electrons of more than 200 keV, both upstream of the earth's bow shock and in the outer magnetosheath. With the aid of a new coordinate system, it is shown that (1) the upstream electron bursts are most often seen on interplanetary field lines which trace to the inner magnetosheath, and (2) the total energy transported sunward by the electrons averages about 1.6 x 10 to the 14th ergs/sec. This figure is comparable to the tailward energy flow observed in the permanent layer of energetic electrons adjacent to the magnetopause. The net flow of energetic electrons in the magnetosheath is toward the shock, and nearly equals the net flow away from the shock in the adjacent upstream region. The energetic electrons studied appear to be closely related, and may have a common origin in either the inner magnetosheath or the magnetosphere.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research; 87; Jan. 1
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Electron polar cap and the boundary of open geomagnetic field lines. (1972)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A total of 333 observations of the boundary of the polar access region for electrons (energies greater than 530 keV) provides a comprehensive map of the electron polar cap. The boundary of the electron polar cap, which should occur at the latitude separating open and closed field lines, is consistent with previously reported closed field line limits determined from trapped-particle data. The boundary, which is sharply defined, seems to occur at one of three discrete latitudes. Although the electron flux is generally uniform across the polar cap, a limited region of reduced access is observed about 10% of the time.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NSSDC-ID-67-073A-O8-PM , Journal of Geophysical Research; 77; Oct. 1
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    High energy electron spikes at high latitudes (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Over 750 spikes of precipitating electrons with E or = 425 KeV were observed aboard the low altitude polar orbiter OGO-D between 30 July 1967 and 31 December 1967. The spikes may be divided into three distinct populations, depending on whether they occur at latitudes below, at, or above the local limit of trapping.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-122512 , SRL-72-1
    Format: application/pdf
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