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  • GEOPHYSICS  (239)
  • SOLAR PHYSICS  (19)
  • Lunar and Planetary Exploration  (8)
  • 1
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    The electron edge of the low latitude boundary layer during accelerated flow events (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Magnetosheath plasma entering the earth's magnetosphere to populate the low latitude boundary layer, LLBL, is often accelerated to speeds considerably greater than are observed in the adjacent magnetosheath. Measurements made during such accelerated flow events reveal separate electron and ion edges to the LLBL, with the electron edge being found earthward of the ion edge. Plasma electron velocity distributions observed at the earthward edge of the LLBL are often highly structured, exhibiting large asymmetries parallel and antiparallel, as well as perpendicular, to the local magnetic field. These features can consistently be interpreted as time-of-flight effects on recently reconnected field lines, and thus are strong evidence in support of the reconnection interpretation of accelerated plasma flow events.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 1833-183
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  • 2
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    Geomagnetic activity during the passage of the earth through Halley's tail in 1910 (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The magnetic disturbance expected when the earth passed through the center of Comet Halley's tail in 1910 apparently occurred 12 hr too early. A detailed study of the records reveals that the discrepancy is due to a change in the convention for determining the start of the day. The magnetic disturbance did in fact arrive at the expected time and no unusual aberration of the solar wind need be invoked to explain the timing. The disturbance consisted of two troughs in the horizontal component of the earth's magnetic field, separated by about 14 hr, presumably associated with wakes in the solar wind momentum flux on either side of the ion tail. The disturbance was independent of latitude, indicating that the responsible current system flowed far above the earth's surface. After the comet's passage the magnetosphere was left in a mildly disturbed condition, with a weak ring current present.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); 333; 338-340
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Cold ion beams in the low latitude boundary layer during accelerated flow events (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Measurements made with the Fast Plasma Experiment on ISEE 1 and 2 reveal that accelerated beams of cold (1-30 eV for H/+/) ions are present sporadically on reconnected field lines within the low latitude boundary layer (LLBI). H(+) normally is the major constituent of these beams, but He(+) and O(+) are also occasionally detected in variable concentrations. Because of the low temperatures and the compositional makeup of these beams, the ionosphere must ultimately be the source of these ions. Observed beam speeds (between 120 and 250 km/s) are always less than that of the magnetosheath ions which penetrate into the LLBL on reconnected field lines, but both ion populations share the same E x B convective drift. Analysis reveals that reflection at the magnetopause cannot be the mechanism accelerating these ions. A more likely possibility is that the ions are accelerated primarily by the large transverse drift of recently reconnected field lines.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Geophysical Research Letters (ISSN 0094-8276); 17; 2245-224
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  • 4
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    Coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere - CDAW 6 (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: It is pointed out that an extensive study of the causes and manifestations of geomagnetic activity has been carried out as part of the sixth Coordinated Data Analysis Workshop, CDAW 6. The present investigation has the objective to determine the coupling between the solar wind and the magnetosphere for the two selected analysis intervals, taking into account, as a basis for the study, the interplanetary field and plasma observations from ISEE 3 and IMP 8 and the geomagnetic activity indicators developed by CDAW 6 participants. The method of analysis employed is discussed, giving attention to geomagnetic indices, upstream parameters, and a cross-correlation analysis. In a description of the obtained results, the March 22, 1979 event is considered along with the March 31 to April 1, 1979 event, and an intercomparison of the events. The relationship between interplanetary indices and the resulting geomagnetic activity for the two CDAW 6 intervals is illustrated.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 1191-119
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  • 5
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    Patterns of magnetic field merging sites on the magnetopause (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Models of the magnetospheric and magnetosheath magnetic fields are used to determine the relative orientations of the two near the dayside magnetopause for the purpose of locating potential merging sites. Areas of the magnetopause with various degrees of antiparallelness for different Interplanetary fields as contour diagrams are studied. For southward and GSE-Y interplanetary field, the patterns obtained are consistent with those envisioned by Crooker in an earlier analysis which used simplified representations for the magnetic field geometry. Here the application of realistic models shows the locations of areas where any antiparallel component occurs. Merging sites for radial interplanetary fields are also illustrated. The results suggest that the geometrical configuration of the fields is suitable for merging over a large fraction of the magnetopause for interplanetary fields that are either primarily southward, GSE-Y, or radial (GSE-X) in direction.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Neilsen Eng. and Res., Inc. Appl. of a Global Solar Wind/Planetary Obstacle Interaction Computational Model 10p (SEE N84-26509 16-88)
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  • 6
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    ISEE observations of magnetopause reconnection: The energy balance (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The total energy balance for two events with the objective of obtaining check on the interpretation in terms of reconnection is examined. To within experimental uncertainties, the plasma and magnetic field data are consistent with reconnection. An enthalpy increase comparable to the kinetic energy increase occurs in the magnetopause. Thus substantial dissipation is present in the rotational discontinuity. An ion heat flow associated with a beam of reflected magnetosheath particles carried away some 20% of the total converted electromagnetic energy.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Magnetopause Studies Using Data from the ISEE Mission; 25 p
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  • 7
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    Beam-driven ion cyclotron harmonic resonances in the terrestrial foreshock (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A terrestrial upstream wave event which demonstrates multiple, ion cyclotron harmonic resonances between the interplanetary wave population and an observed proton beam is analyzed. The techniques and parameters employed in the data analysis are discussed, including the use of differential and band-pass filters. An upstream wave event demonstrating multiple harmonic waves is examined, and the instability analysis relevant to the ion beam observations thought to be responsible for that event is discussed. It is shown that an observed bi-Maxwellian ion beam is capable of generating right and left-hand polarized waves through ion cyclotron harmonic resonance.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Geophysical Research (ISSN 0148-0227); 90; 1429-143
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  • 8
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    Solar cycle variation of interplanetary shocks, coronal mass ejections, and stream interactions observed at 0.7 AU (1995)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-02
    Description: A survey of the Pioneer Venus Orbiter (PVO) magnetometer and plasma data from 1979-1980, shows that the occurrence frequency of interplanetary shocks, coronal mass ejections (CMEs) and stream interactions observed at 0.7 AU exhibits a solar cycle variation. As previously found at 1 AU, the observed number of both interplanetary shocks and CMEs peaks during solar maximum (approximately 16 and approximately 27 per year, respectively) and reaches a low during solar minimum (approximately 0 and approximately 7 per year, respectively), in phase with the variation in smoothed sunspot number. The number of stream interactions observed varies in the opposite manner, having a minimum during solar maximum (approximately 15 per year) and a maximum during solar minimum (approximately 34 per year). The percentage of CMEs and stream interactions producing interplanetary shocks also varies during the solar-cycle and exhibits interesting behavior during the declining phase. While the number of CMEs observed during this phase is decreasing, the percentage of CMEs producing interplanetary shocks reaches a maximum. Also, while the number of stream interactions observed is increasing, but has not reached maximum during the declining phase, the percentage of stream interactions producing interplanety shocks is at a maximum.
    Keywords: SOLAR PHYSICS
    Type: Advances in Space Research (ISSN 0273-1177); 16; 9; p. (9)353
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  • 9
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    Global auroral responses to magnetospheric compressions by shocks in the solar wind: Two case studies (1985)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The global auroral responses to shocks in the solar wind at Earth were studied. The z-component of the interplanetary magnetic field, Bz, is negative ahead and behind the first shock and positive for the second case. A sudden-commencement geomagnetic storm develops in each case, with maximum D sub st 190 nT. An immediate auroral response is detected at all longitudes around the auroral oval, in which auroral luminosities increase by a factor of 2 to 3 with the first samples after each sudden commencement. The time delay in obtaining the first sample varies with local time from approx. 1 to 18 mins. No other significant variations in the aurora are associated with the immediate response. Beginning approx. 30 mins after each sudden commencement, the aurora becomes active and displays significant variations in its luminosity and spatial distribution. For Bz 0 an intense substorm develops. A sun-aligned transpolar arc forms when Bz 0, appearing first at local midnight as a polar arc and then lengthening sunward from the auroral oval across the polar cap to noon at an average speed of approx. 1 km/sec.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-CR-177835 , NAS 1.26:177835 , U-OF-IOWA-85-11
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    The magnetopause (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The magnetopause is the interface between the shocked solar wind in the magnetosheath and the geomagnetic field and plasma in the magnetosphere. This interface is far from simple because both sides of the interface contain magnetized plasma. As a result, there are boundary layers on both sides of the interface so the resulting structure is many-ion-gyroradii thick. There is also substructure which may be much less than an ion gyroradius in thickness. The structure of the magnetopause is also sensitive to the Mach number and beta of the plasma. When the beta is very high, the magnetopause resembles a slow mode wave. When the IMF is southward and the Mach number and/or beta is low the plasma is accelerated much as Dungey predicted. However, at other times reconnection seems to be less steady and perhaps patchy. Ropelike structures are seen which may be connected to the magnetosphere. These structures, which have been called FTEs, are still not fully understood.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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