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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crossbreeding effects after long-term selection for purebred performance: a model experiment with mice (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 81 (1991), S. 720-728 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Diallel cross ; Heterosis ; Maternal effects ; Mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The influence of purebred selection on the combining abilities of five lines of mice was examined. Two replicated testcross diallels were made after 10 and 20 generations of purebred selection for litter size, weaning weight, weight gain, and feed efficiency. Average direct genetic effects were of major importance, followed by average maternal genetic effects. In all of the replications, between two and four out of ten crosses showed significant heterosis. Heterosis ranged from 0 to 38% in litter size, from 0 to 20% in weaning weight, from -11 to 11% in weight gain, and from -8 to 17% in feed efficiency. For litter size and weaning weight, heterosis estimates increased between 80 and 100% from generation 10 to 20. Weight gain and feed efficiency showed decreasing heterosis with partly negative estimates in the second diallel. Combinations exhibiting significant heterosis varied between replicates and between the two diallels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00224980
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crossbreeding effects after long-term selection for purebred performance: a model experiment with mice (1991)
    Springer
    Theoretical and applied genetics 82 (1991), S. 65-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Mice ; Diallel cross ; Maternal heterosis ; Litter size ; Growth traits
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Results are presented from two replicated three-breed cross diallels that were conducted after 20 generations of selection for purebred performance in mice. The selection criteria for the different lines were: litter size at birth (LS), weaning weight at 4 weeks (WW), weight gain from week 4 to week 6 (WG), and body fat content at week 6 (FT). Additionally, a random-mating control line (C) was kept. Significant maternal heterosis was found in litter size and weaning weight. Estimates of maternal heterosis in litter size were very high, ranging from 17 to 50% of the mean of the corresponding single crosses. Maternal heterosis in weaning weight usually was negative and ranged from +9 to -11%. Significant maternal heterosis in feed efficiency and weaning weight could only be found in a few cases. Total performance of three-breed crosses was highly superior to that of single crosses and purebreds. Means of the corresponding purebreds or single crosses were of little use in predicting three-breed cross performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00231279
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Skelettumlagerungen unter Elektronenbeschuß, VI. Untersuchungen über die Alkyl- und Wasserstoffwanderung bei Diphensäurederivaten, III (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 105 (1972), S. 217-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Skeletal Rearrangements under Electron Impact, VI. Studies on the Alkyl- and Hydrogenmigration in Diphenic Acid Derivatives, III4)On electron impact derivatives of biphenyl with alkoxy substituents in 2- and 6-position show cleavage of the central C-C-bridge. Thereby formally an alkylene group is transferred from the eliminated radical to the resulting fragment ion. In the case of methyl 6.2'.6'-trimethoxybiphenyl-2-carboxylate the rearrangement ion forms the base peak. Derivatives with only one ortho substituent in both rings also exhibit the rearrangement, here the 2'-methoxy-biphenyl-2-carboxylic acid displays the most abundant rearrangement ion.
    Notes: Bei Biphenylderivaten mit Alkoxysubstituenten ortho-ständig zur Biphenylbindung wird unter Elektronenbeschuß die zentrale C-C-Brücke gespalten. Dabei überträgt das eliminierte Radikal formal einen Alkylenrest auf das entstehende Fragmention. Im Falle des 6.2'.6'-Trimethoxy-biphenyl-carbonsäure-(2)-methylesters bildet dieses Umlagerungsion den stärksten Peak überhaupt. Auch bei lediglich zwei ortho-ständigen Resten findet die Umlagerung statt, wobei die 2'-Methoxy-biphenyl-carbonsäure-(2) die höchste Intensität aufzuweisen hat.
    Additional Material: 10 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19721050124
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acenazulendione (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 2408-2417 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: AcenazulenedionesReactions of 8-methoxyheptafulvene (1) and quinones 2 give in [8+2]-cycloadditions hydroacenazulenediones 3, which are immediately transformed to acenazulenediones 4 and 5. The yields in the reaction sequence depend on the half-wave-reduction-potentials (E1/2) of 2. Only compounds 2 with E1/2 (in acetonitrile, vs s.c.e.) lower than - 0.5 V lead to cycloadducts in reasonable yields. Properties of the ground and excited states of 4 and 5 are characterized by spectroscopic methods and molecular-orbital-calculations.
    Notes: Die Titelverbindungen 4 und 5 werden über [8+2]-Cycloadditionen aus 8-Methoxyheptafulven (1) und den Chinonen 2 dargestellt. Die Ausbeuten an 4 und 5 hängen von den Halbstufen-Reduktionspotentialen (E1/2) der Chinone 2 ab. Die Cycloadditionen werden nur bei Chinonen mit E1/2 〈 -0.5 V (in CH3CN, vs SCE) beobachtet; stärker oxidierende Chinone führen zur Polymerisation von 1. Die Grundzustandseigenschaften und Eigenschaften der angeregten Zustände von 4 und 5 werden durch spektroskopische Methoden und Berechnungen charakterisiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19831160703
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Komplexbildung und Elektronentransferreaktionen von 8,8-Bis-(dimethylamino)heptafulven, Umsetzungen mit Nonacarbonyldieisen und Tetracyanchinodimethan (1982)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 115 (1982), S. 2643-2651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Formation of Complexes and Electron Transfer Reactions of 8,8-Bis(dimethylamino)heptafulvene, Reactions with Nonacarbonyldiiron and TetracyanoquinodimethaneThe synthesis of 8,8-bis(dimethylamino)heptafulvene (2) ist described. Reaction of nonacarbonyldiiron (8) with 2 leads to the tricarbonyl(heptafulvene)iron complex 9 which is fluxional on the NMR time scale. One electron transfer occurs during the reaction of 2 and tetracyanoquinodimethane (5) forming 2+. and 5-. 2+. dimerizes to bicycloheptatrienylmethyl cation. Depending on the reaction conditions 5-. forms a complex with 5 or is reduced to 52-.
    Notes: Die Synthese von 8,8-Bis(dimethylamino)heptafulven (2) ist beschrieben. Durch die Umsetzung von 2 mit Nonacarbonyldieisen (8) entsteht der Tricarbonyl(heptafulven)eisen(0)-Komplex 9. Dieser fluktuiert in der NMR-Zeitskala. Eine Einelektronentransfer-Reaktion erfolgt zwischen 2 und Tetracyanchinodimethan (5) unter Bildung von 2+. und 5-. 2+. stabilisiert sich durch Dimerisierung. 5-. wird je nach Reaktionsbedingungen an 5 assoziiert oder reduziert zum Dianion 52-.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19821150727
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fulvene mit inverser Ringpolarisation, 10. Elektronenreiche Heptafulvene (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 1154-1173 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Fulvenes with Inverse Ring Polarization, 10. Electron Rich HeptafulvenesThe synthesis and structural properties of the electron rich heptafulvenes 3a - f are described. The compounds 3 have electron donor substituents at C-8. In the case of 3f NMR-spectroscopy revealed the presence of a boat conformation with bond alternation. HMO-calculations showed that, depending on the electron donor properties, the C-8 substituents lead to a characteristic “HOMO-LUMO-GAP-NARROWING”.  -  The new compounds 3a - f have been synthesized either from derivatives of 1,3,5-cycloheptatriene-7-carboxaldehyde or from cycloheptatriene-7-carboxylic acid.
    Notes: Synthesen und Struktureigenschaften der elektronenreichen Heptafulvene 3a - f werden beschrieben. Die Verbindungen 3 haben Donorsubstituenten an C-8. Am Beispiel des Bis(dimethylamino)heptafulvens 3f wurde mit 1H-NMR gezeigt, daß die Bootkonformation vorliegt und die C — C-Bindungen Bindungsalternanz zeigen. Zur weiteren Charakterisierung des π-Systems wurde das HMO-Modell verwendet: Charakteristisch ist insbesondere die Verringerung der Energielücke zwischen den Grenzorbitalen durch die Donorsubstituenten an C-8  -  Die Verbindungen 3a - f wurden entweder aus Derivaten des 1,3,5-Cycloheptatrien-7-carboxaldehyds oder der Cycloheptatrien-7-carbonsäure synthetisiert.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19831160328
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seitenkettenchlorierungen von N-Heterocyclen mit Trichlorisocyanursäure (TCC) (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 120 (1987), S. 649-651 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: N-Heterocyclic compounds such as 2-methylpyridines, 2-methylquinoline, and 2-methylquinoxaline react with trichloroisocyanuric acid (TCC) without the addition of an initiator to provide the corresponding chloromethyl derivatives in good yields.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19871200431
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Die [8 + 2]-Cycloaddition elektronenreicher Heptafulvene: Anwendungsbereich und Stereochemie (1985)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 118 (1985), S. 1836-1856 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: [8 + 2] Cycloadditions of Electron-rich Heptafulvenes: Scope of the Reaction and StereochemistryThe electron-rich heptafulvenes 7, 8, and 9 react with reactive polyenophiles by [8 + 2] cycloaddition to give hydroazulenes. 8-Methoxyheptafulvene (7) is found to be best suited for this reaction leading to the cycloadducts 11, 13 - 15, 17, and 19. High stereoselectivity was only observed for the reaction of 7 with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate (10) and N-phenylmaleinimide (16). The structures of the cycloadducts are established by spectroscopic methods (NMR and X-ray analysis) and chemical transformations. The dependency of the reactivities on the substituents at C-8 of the heptafulvenes is discussed using simple Hückel molecular-orbital considerations.
    Notes: Die elektronenreichen Heptafulvene 7, 8 und 9 reagieren mit reaktionsfähigen Polyenophilen unter [8 + 2]-Cycloaddition zu Hydroazulenen. 8-Methoxyheptafulven (7) ist für Umsetzung am besten geeignet, wobei die Cycloaddukte 11, 13 - 15, 17 und 19 erhalten wurden. Hohe Stereoselektivität konnte nur bei der Umsetzung von 7 mit Acetylendicarbonsäure-dimethylester (10) und N-Phenylmaleinimid (16) gefunden werden. Die Struktur der Hydroazulene wird durch spektroskopische Methoden (NMR, Röntgenstrukturanalyse) und chemische Reaktionen gesichert. Die Abhängigkeit der [8 + 2]-Cycloaddition von der Elektronenstruktur der Heptafulvene wird unter Verwendung des HMO-Modells diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19851180510
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kreuzkonjugierte Enolate: Strukturcharakterisierung zweier Lithium-heptafulvenolate (1983)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 116 (1983), S. 1777-1786 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cross Conjugated Enolates: Structure Characterization of Two Lithium HeptafulvenolatesWhen deprotonated, N,N-dimethylcycloheptatriene-7-carboxamide (2a) and cycloheptatriene-7-carboxylic acid (2c) yield the amide anion 4a and the acid dianion 4c. Due to the NMR spectra, 4a and c show in the range 600-700 nm three and two signals, respectively. The spectra are temperature and solvent dependent. The THF-solution of 4c is paramagnetic. The structures of the organolithium compounds are discussed.
    Notes: Die bei der Deprotonierung von N,N-Dimethylcycloheptatrien-7-carboxamid (2a) und Cycloheptatrien-7-carbonsäure (2c) entstehende Lithiumverbindung 4a und Dilithiumverbindung 4c werden spektroskopisch charakterisiert. 4a und c sind Heptafulvene, d. h. das Lithium ist am Sauerstoff lokalisiert. Die Elektronenspektren von 4a und c im Bereich 600-700 nm zeigen drei bzw. zwei Banden, deren Intensitäten von der Lösungsmittelzusammensetzung und der Temperatur abhängen. Die Lösung von 4c in Tetrahydrofuran ist paramagnetisch. Die Strukturen der lihiumorganischen Verbindungen werden diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19831160508
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Struktur des Stibiobenzols (1955)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 88 (1955), S. 384-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Es wurde festgestellt, daβ cin dem Phospho- und Arsonobenzol analog konstituiertes niedrigmolekulares Stibiobenzol nicht existiert. Statt seiner entstehen stets makromolekulare Reaktionsprodukte mit einem zu hohen Antimongehalt, auf die der Name Stibiobenzol Übertragen wurde.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19550880313
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