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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-03-19
    Description: Decreased cardiac contractility is a central feature of systolic heart failure. Existing drugs increase cardiac contractility indirectly through signaling cascades but are limited by their mechanism-related adverse effects. To avoid these limitations, we previously developed omecamtiv mecarbil, a small-molecule, direct activator of cardiac myosin. Here, we show that it binds to the myosin catalytic domain and operates by an allosteric mechanism to increase the transition rate of myosin into the strongly actin-bound force-generating state. Paradoxically, it inhibits adenosine 5'-triphosphate turnover in the absence of actin, which suggests that it stabilizes an actin-bound conformation of myosin. In animal models, omecamtiv mecarbil increases cardiac function by increasing the duration of ejection without changing the rates of contraction. Cardiac myosin activation may provide a new therapeutic approach for systolic heart failure.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090309/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4090309/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Malik, Fady I -- Hartman, James J -- Elias, Kathleen A -- Morgan, Bradley P -- Rodriguez, Hector -- Brejc, Katjusa -- Anderson, Robert L -- Sueoka, Sandra H -- Lee, Kenneth H -- Finer, Jeffrey T -- Sakowicz, Roman -- Baliga, Ramesh -- Cox, David R -- Garard, Marc -- Godinez, Guillermo -- Kawas, Raja -- Kraynack, Erica -- Lenzi, David -- Lu, Pu Ping -- Muci, Alexander -- Niu, Congrong -- Qian, Xiangping -- Pierce, Daniel W -- Pokrovskii, Maria -- Suehiro, Ion -- Sylvester, Sheila -- Tochimoto, Todd -- Valdez, Corey -- Wang, Wenyue -- Katori, Tatsuo -- Kass, David A -- Shen, You-Tang -- Vatner, Stephen F -- Morgans, David J -- 1-R43-HL-66647-1/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL106511/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R43 HL066647/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Mar 18;331(6023):1439-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1200113.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Preclinical Research and Development, Cytokinetics, Inc., South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA. fmalik@cytokinetics.com〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21415352" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Actin Cytoskeleton/metabolism ; Actins/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphatases/metabolism ; Adenosine Triphosphate/metabolism ; Adrenergic beta-Agonists/pharmacology ; Allosteric Regulation ; Animals ; Binding Sites ; Calcium/metabolism ; Cardiac Myosins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Cardiac Output/drug effects ; Dogs ; Female ; Heart Failure, Systolic/*drug therapy/physiopathology ; Isoproterenol/pharmacology ; Male ; Myocardial Contraction/*drug effects ; Myocytes, Cardiac/*drug effects/physiology ; Phosphates/metabolism ; Protein Binding ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Isoforms/chemistry/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Urea/*analogs & derivatives/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Ventricular Function, Left/drug effects
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2002-12-21
    Description: Members of the MyoD family of basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors control the formation of all skeletal muscles in vertebrates, but little is known of the molecules or mechanisms that confer unique identities to different types of skeletal muscles. MyoR and capsulin are related bHLH transcription factors expressed in specific facial muscle precursors. We show that specific facial muscles are missing in mice lacking both MyoR and capsulin, reflecting the absence of MyoD family gene expression and ablation of the corresponding myogenic lineages. These findings identify MyoR and capsulin as unique transcription factors for the development of specific head muscles.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Jian-Rong -- Bassel-Duby, Rhonda -- Hawkins, April -- Chang, Priscilla -- Valdez, Renee -- Wu, Hai -- Gan, Lin -- Shelton, John M -- Richardson, James A -- Olson, Eric N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Dec 20;298(5602):2378-81.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas, 6000 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390-9148, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12493912" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Apoptosis ; Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors ; Branchial Region/embryology/metabolism ; Cell Lineage ; Cleft Palate/embryology ; Crosses, Genetic ; *DNA-Binding Proteins ; Facial Muscles/cytology/*embryology/growth & development ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Gene Targeting ; Head ; Helix-Loop-Helix Motifs ; Hernia, Diaphragmatic/embryology ; Homozygote ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Male ; Masticatory Muscles/cytology/*embryology/growth & development ; Mice ; Muscle Cells/cytology/physiology ; *Muscle Development ; Muscle Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Muscle, Skeletal/embryology ; Mutation ; MyoD Protein/genetics/metabolism ; Myogenic Regulatory Factor 5 ; Phenotype ; *Trans-Activators ; Transcription Factors/genetics/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2014-04-18
    Description: Reactive oxygen species (ROS) produced by phagocytes are essential for host defence against bacterial and fungal infections. Individuals with defective ROS production machinery develop chronic granulomatous disease. Conversely, excessive ROS can cause collateral tissue damage during inflammatory processes and therefore needs to be tightly regulated. Here we describe a protein, we termed negative regulator of ROS (NRROS), which limits ROS generation by phagocytes during inflammatory responses. NRROS expression in phagocytes can be repressed by inflammatory signals. NRROS-deficient phagocytes produce increased ROS upon inflammatory challenges, and mice lacking NRROS in their phagocytes show enhanced bactericidal activity against Escherichia coli and Listeria monocytogenes. Conversely, these mice develop severe experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis owing to oxidative tissue damage in the central nervous system. Mechanistically, NRROS is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum, where it directly interacts with nascent NOX2 (also known as gp91(phox) and encoded by Cybb) monomer, one of the membrane-bound subunits of the NADPH oxidase complex, and facilitates the degradation of NOX2 through the endoplasmic-reticulum-associated degradation pathway. Thus, NRROS provides a hitherto undefined mechanism for regulating ROS production--one that enables phagocytes to produce higher amounts of ROS, if required to control invading pathogens, while minimizing unwanted collateral tissue damage.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Noubade, Rajkumar -- Wong, Kit -- Ota, Naruhisa -- Rutz, Sascha -- Eidenschenk, Celine -- Valdez, Patricia A -- Ding, Jiabing -- Peng, Ivan -- Sebrell, Andrew -- Caplazi, Patrick -- DeVoss, Jason -- Soriano, Robert H -- Sai, Tao -- Lu, Rongze -- Modrusan, Zora -- Hackney, Jason -- Ouyang, Wenjun -- England -- Nature. 2014 May 8;509(7499):235-9. doi: 10.1038/nature13152. Epub 2014 Apr 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA [2] Flexus Biosciences, 75 Shoreway Road, Suite D, San Carlos, California 94070, USA (R.N.); American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 11200 Rockville Pike, Suite 302, Rockville, Maryland 20852, USA (P.A.V.). ; Department of Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Antibody Engineering, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Molecular Biology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA. ; Department of Bioinformatics, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24739962" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Autoimmunity/genetics ; Bone Marrow Cells/cytology ; Central Nervous System/metabolism/pathology ; Encephalomyelitis, Autoimmune, Experimental/*immunology/*metabolism/pathology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum/enzymology/metabolism ; Escherichia coli/*immunology ; Female ; Inflammation/immunology/metabolism/pathology ; Listeria monocytogenes/*immunology ; Macrophages/cytology/enzymology/immunology/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; NADPH Oxidase/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidative Stress ; Phagocytes/cytology/immunology/metabolism ; Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species/*antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-01-07
    Description: Cervical cancer is responsible for 10-15% of cancer-related deaths in women worldwide. The aetiological role of infection with high-risk human papilloma viruses (HPVs) in cervical carcinomas is well established. Previous studies have also implicated somatic mutations in PIK3CA, PTEN, TP53, STK11 and KRAS as well as several copy-number alterations in the pathogenesis of cervical carcinomas. Here we report whole-exome sequencing analysis of 115 cervical carcinoma-normal paired samples, transcriptome sequencing of 79 cases and whole-genome sequencing of 14 tumour-normal pairs. Previously unknown somatic mutations in 79 primary squamous cell carcinomas include recurrent E322K substitutions in the MAPK1 gene (8%), inactivating mutations in the HLA-B gene (9%), and mutations in EP300 (16%), FBXW7 (15%), NFE2L2 (4%), TP53 (5%) and ERBB2 (6%). We also observe somatic ELF3 (13%) and CBFB (8%) mutations in 24 adenocarcinomas. Squamous cell carcinomas have higher frequencies of somatic nucleotide substitutions occurring at cytosines preceded by thymines (Tp*C sites) than adenocarcinomas. Gene expression levels at HPV integration sites were statistically significantly higher in tumours with HPV integration compared with expression of the same genes in tumours without viral integration at the same site. These data demonstrate several recurrent genomic alterations in cervical carcinomas that suggest new strategies to combat this disease.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4161954/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4161954/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ojesina, Akinyemi I -- Lichtenstein, Lee -- Freeman, Samuel S -- Pedamallu, Chandra Sekhar -- Imaz-Rosshandler, Ivan -- Pugh, Trevor J -- Cherniack, Andrew D -- Ambrogio, Lauren -- Cibulskis, Kristian -- Bertelsen, Bjorn -- Romero-Cordoba, Sandra -- Trevino, Victor -- Vazquez-Santillan, Karla -- Guadarrama, Alberto Salido -- Wright, Alexi A -- Rosenberg, Mara W -- Duke, Fujiko -- Kaplan, Bethany -- Wang, Rui -- Nickerson, Elizabeth -- Walline, Heather M -- Lawrence, Michael S -- Stewart, Chip -- Carter, Scott L -- McKenna, Aaron -- Rodriguez-Sanchez, Iram P -- Espinosa-Castilla, Magali -- Woie, Kathrine -- Bjorge, Line -- Wik, Elisabeth -- Halle, Mari K -- Hoivik, Erling A -- Krakstad, Camilla -- Gabino, Nayeli Belem -- Gomez-Macias, Gabriela Sofia -- Valdez-Chapa, Lezmes D -- Garza-Rodriguez, Maria Lourdes -- Maytorena, German -- Vazquez, Jorge -- Rodea, Carlos -- Cravioto, Adrian -- Cortes, Maria L -- Greulich, Heidi -- Crum, Christopher P -- Neuberg, Donna S -- Hidalgo-Miranda, Alfredo -- Escareno, Claudia Rangel -- Akslen, Lars A -- Carey, Thomas E -- Vintermyr, Olav K -- Gabriel, Stacey B -- Barrera-Saldana, Hugo A -- Melendez-Zajgla, Jorge -- Getz, Gad -- Salvesen, Helga B -- Meyerson, Matthew -- K07 CA166210/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- T32 CA009676/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2014 Feb 20;506(7488):371-5. doi: 10.1038/nature12881. Epub 2013 Dec 25.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3]. ; 1] The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2]. ; The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA. ; Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico. ; Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N5021 Bergen, Norway. ; Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey 64849, Mexico. ; 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] Department of Thoracic Surgery, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, China. ; Cancer Biology Program, Program in the Biomedical Sciences, Rackham Graduate School, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA. ; Facultad de Medicina y Hospital Universitario 'Dr. Jose Eluterio Gonzalez' de la Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon, Monterrey, Nuevo Leon 64460, Mexico. ; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, N5021 Bergen, Norway. ; 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, N5021 Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, N5020 Bergen, Norway. ; Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Mexico City 06720, Mexico. ; 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA. ; 1] Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genomica, Mexico City 14610, Mexico [2] Claremont Graduate University, Claremont, California 91711, USA. ; 1] Department of Pathology, Haukeland University Hospital, N5021 Bergen, Norway [2] Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Bergen, N5020 Bergen, Norway. ; Head and Neck Oncology Program and Department of Otolaryngology, University of Michigan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ann Arbor, Michigan 38109, USA. ; 1] The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [2] Massachusetts General Hospital Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02114, USA. ; 1] Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Haukeland University Hospital, N5021 Bergen, Norway [2] Department of Clinical Science, Centre for Cancer Biomarkers, University of Bergen, N5020 Bergen, Norway [3]. ; 1] Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA [2] The Eli and Edythe L. Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA [3] Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA [4].〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24390348" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenocarcinoma/genetics/virology ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics/virology ; Case-Control Studies ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics ; Core Binding Factor beta Subunit/genetics ; DNA Copy Number Variations/genetics ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics ; E1A-Associated p300 Protein/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; F-Box Proteins/genetics ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; HLA-B Antigens/genetics ; Humans ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1/genetics ; Mutation/*genetics ; NF-E2-Related Factor 2/genetics ; Papillomaviridae/genetics/physiology ; Papillomavirus Infections/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/genetics ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-ets ; Receptor, ErbB-2/genetics ; Transcription Factors/genetics ; Transcriptome/genetics ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/genetics ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/*genetics/virology ; Virus Integration/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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