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  • Articles  (6)
  • Fagus  (2)
  • Leucaena leucocephala  (2)
  • NAD(P)H-plastoquinone-oxidoreductase  (2)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the expression of NDH-H, a subunit of the NAD(P)H-plastoquinone-oxidoreductase of higher-plant chloroplasts (1993)
    Springer
    Planta 190 (1993), S. 25-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: NAD(P)H-plastoquinone-oxidoreductase ; ndhH gene ; Plastid DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The plastid genomes of higher plants contain eleven reading frames (ndhA-K) that are homologous to genes encoding subunits of the mitochondrial NADH-ubiquinone-oxidoreductase (complex I). The carboxyterminal end of the NDH-H subunit from rice (Oryza sativa L.) was expressed as a fusion protein in Escherichia coli and antibodies against the fusion protein were generated in rabbits. The antibody was used to study the expression of NDH-H, and the following results were obtained: (i) NDH-H is expressed in mono- and dicotyledonous plants, (ii) NDH-H is localized on the stroma lamellae of the thylakoid membrane and (iii) NDH-H is expressed in etioplasts. Together with the finding that two other ndh genes (ndhI and ndhK) are expressed in plastids, these results point to the existence of an NAD(P)H-plastoquinone-oxidoreductase on the thylakoid membrane. The possible function of the enzyme in plastids is discussed and it is suggested that it works in balancing the ATP/ADP and the NADPH/NADP ratios during changing external (i.e. light) or internal (i.e. ATP and NADPH demands of biosynthetic pathways of the plastid) conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00195671
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and function of plastoglobuli (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 163 (1985), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Plastoglobuli composition ; Spinacia ; Fagus ; Sarothamnus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Plastoglobuli have been isolated and purified from chloroplasts of beech and spinach leaves and from broom flower chromoplasts by a repeated floating-gradient technique. The main components in plastoglobuli isolated from chloroplasts were triacylglycerols and lipophilic prenyl quinones, mainly plastohydroquinone and α-tocopherol. The corresponding oxidized prenyl quinones, plastoquinone (ox), α-tocoquinone, and the phylloquinone vitamin K1, were detected in trace amounts. Plastoglobuli isolated from chromoplasts contained large amounts of carotenoid esters. Triacylglycerols constituted two-thirds of the content of these plastoglobuli. The total prenyl quinone content was low in chromoplast plastoglobuli. Plastoquinone (ox) was the major prenyl quinone constituent. Plastoglobuli contained small amounts of chlorophylls, carotenoids (with the exception of chromoplast plastoglobuli), glycolipids, and proteins due to adsorption phenomena during the isolation process; however, increasing purification of the plastoglobuli fractions resulted in an exponential decline of these components. Adsorption of thylakoid lipids onto the plastoglobuli during the isolation process was demonstrated using an artificial globuli system. Therefore, pigments, glyco- and phospholipids, and proteins were regarded as thylakoid contaminations and not as actual constituents of plastoglobuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393507
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Composition and function of plastoglobuli (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 163 (1985), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Chloroplast senescence ; Fagus ; Leaf lipid ; Plastoglobuli composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The lipid composition of whole leaves and isolated plastoglobul of beech (Fagus sylvatica) has been studied during four natural autumnal senescence stages. Chlorophylls, glycolipids, and phospholipids were extensively degraded in leaves. About 20% of the glycolipids found in leaves during summer, however, remained in the last stage of leaf senescence. Triacylglycerols, also detected in large amounts in summer leaves, were hydrolyzed during senescence. The content of free fatty acids derived from degradation of glycerolipids therefore increased. The total carotenoid and prenyl quinone content was largely unchanged during senescence, except during the last stage investigated, but the reduced forms of prenyl quinones decreased while the oxidized prenyl quinones increased. Plastoglobuli isolated from summer leaves mainly contained triacylglycerols, plastohydroquinone, and α-tocopherol. The triacylglycerol content declined in plastoglobuli during senescence. Most of the triacylglycerols must be located outside the plastoglobuli throughout the stages investigated. Carotenoids liberated from thylakoids were esterified and increasingly deposited in plastoglobuli during senescence. In the last senescence stage, carotenoid esters were the main component of plastoglobuli. Prenyl quinones were also transferred into plastoglobuli. Reduced prenyl quinones were sucessively oxidized during senescence and plastoquinone (oxidized) was the predominant prenyl quinone in plastoglobuli isolated from the last senescence stage. The carotenoid and prenyl quinone distribution was identical in leaves and plastoglobuli during late senescence. The main constituents of thylakoids, glycolipids and proteins, were not deposited in plastoglobuli and therefore did not play an important role in plastoglobuli metabolism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395902
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential expression of plastome-encoded ndh genes in mesophyll and bundle-sheath chloroplasts of the C4 plant Sorghum bicolor indicates that the complex I-homologous NAD(P)H-plastoquinone oxidoreductase is involved in cyclic electron transport (1996)
    Springer
    Planta 199 (1996), S. 276-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: C4 photosynthesis ; Cyclic electron transport ; NAD(P)H-plastoquinone-oxidoreductase ; Sorghum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cyanobacteria and plastids harbor a putative NAD(P)H- or ferredoxin-plastoquinone oxidoreductase that is homologous to the NADH-ubiquinone oxidoreductase (complex I) of mitochondria and eubacteria. The enzyme is a multimeric protein complex that consists of at least 11 subunits (NDH-A-K) and is localized in the stroma lamellae of the thylakoid membrane system. We investigated the expression of the different subunits of the enzyme in mesophyll and bundle-sheath chloroplasts of Sorghum bicolor [L.] Moench, a C4 plant of the NADP-malic enzyme type. The relative amounts of the subunits NDH-H, -J and -K were strongly increased in bundle-sheath plastids as compared to mesophyll plastids. This increase was accompanied by enhanced transcript levels for all subunits except NDH-I. Because the main function of the protein complexes in the thylakoid membranes of bundle-sheath chloroplasts (photosystem I, cytochrome b 6/f-complex and ATPase) is the generation of ATP for CO2 fixation via cyclic electron transport, we conclude that the NAD(P)H/ferredoxin-plastoquinone oxidoreductase is an essential component of the cyclic electron-transport pathway in chloroplasts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00196569
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alley cropping on an Ultisol in subhumid Benin Part 3: nutrient budget of maize, cassava and trees (1997)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 37 (1997), S. 213-226 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: cajanus cajan ; fertiliser recovery ; intercropping ; Leucaena leucocephala ; nutrient budget ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract An alley cropping experiment was conducted from 1986 to 1992 near Cotonou, Benin Republic on a field previously used as four-year bush-fallow. A no-tree control was compared with Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit and Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. grown in 4 m distant hedgerows. In the same experiment, application of 90-39-75 kg ha-1 NPK fertiliser vs. no fertiliser and maize-cassava intercropping vs. rotation of sole crops was also tested. Topsoil samples (0–30 cm) were taken initially and again after four and six years. Alley cropping enhanced nitrogen recycling relative to the no-alley control by 253 kg haha-1 yr-1 for Leucaena and 131 kg ha-1 yr-1 for Cajanus in the overall average but a maximum of 22 kg N ha-1 yr-1 was recovered in total crop exports. Apparent fertiliser-N recovery increased from a low average of 14% in the first year to 66% in the second year up to a maximum of 109% in the no-tree control in the last year. Soil nutrient depletion during the six years was significant for all nutrients except P, K falling from 0.5 to 0.1 cmolc kg-1 soil and N from 0.08 to 0.05%. Hedgerow accumulation of N in the topsoil- plant system calculated as difference to a no-tree control was only 18 to 37 kg ha-1 yr-1 during the first four years after clearing, increasing to 208 kg in Leucaena and 111 kg ha-1 yr-1 in Cajanus without NPK during the last two years. During the first four years, average N, K, Ca and Mg losses from the topsoil-plant system of 223 kg, 160 kg, 176 kg and 80 kg ha-1 yr-1 were high but probably stored in the subsoil because corresponding leaching losses were only 10, 1, 15 and 6 kg ha-1 yr-1 at 150 cm depth during the second to fourth cropping year. Beyond the fourth year, markedly reduced nutrient losses from the topsoil and stable food crop yields in no-tree plots suggest that continuous maize-cassava cropping using balanced rates of mineral fertiliser is producing sustainable yields with almost closed nutrient cycles of the soil-plant system on our site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005863818511
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alley cropping on an Ultisol in subhumid Benin. Part 1: Long-term effect on maize, cassava and tree productivity (1996)
    Springer
    Agroforestry systems 34 (1996), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9680
    Keywords: Cajanus cajan ; intercropping ; Leucaena leucocephala ; mineral fertiliser ; sustainability
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract In southern Benin, West Africa, two alley cropping systems were studied from 1986 to 1992. Yield development was followed in a maize and cassava crop rotation vs. intercropping system, with alleys of Leucaena leucocephala (Lam.) de Wit and Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp. vs. a no-tree control, with and without NPK fertiliser. Without alleys, NPK fertilisation maintained high yield levels of 2–3 t maize dry grain plus 4–6 t ha−1 cassava root DM in intercropping, 3–4 t ha−1 maize and 6–10 t ha−1 cassava in solercropping. Without NPK, final yields seemed to stabilise at about 1 t maize plus 2 t cassava in intercropping and twice as much in each solecrop. Alley cropping induced significant yield increases by about 50% with both tree species in unfertilised, intercropped maize, and with Cajanus in fertilised, solecropped cassava. In monetary terms, the NPK-fertiliser response of stabilised yields was significant for all treatments except the solecropped Leucaena alleys. It is concluded that on Ultisols with low nutrient status in the upper rooting zone, alley cropping with low-competitive tree species may improve food crop yields but the greatest monetary output is achieved by intercropping with mineral fertiliser independent of the presence or absence of an agroforestry component.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00129628
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