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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (4)
  • LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION  (3)
  • Economics, Sociology  (2)
  • LASERS AND MASERS  (2)
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  • 1
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    Curtailed conversations (2018)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-06-01
    Keywords: Economics, Sociology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
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    Warming stresses developing countries (2017)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    In: Science
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-12-22
    Keywords: Economics, Sociology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    Discovery of natural gain amplification in the 10-micrometer carbon dioxide laser bands on Mars - A natural laser (1981)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Fully resolved intensity profiles of various lines in the carbon dioxide band at 10.4 micrometers have been measured on Mars with an infrared heterodyne spectrometer. Analysis of the line shapes shows that the Mars atmosphere exhibits positive gain in these lines. The detection of natural optical gain amplification enables identification of these lines as a definite natural laser.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Science; 212; Apr. 3
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy (1982)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Infrared heterodyne spectroscopy is an extremely useful tool for Doppler-limited studies of atomic and molecular lines in diverse astrophysical regions. The current state of the art is reviewed, and the analysis of CO2 lines in the atmosphere of Mars is outlined. Doppler-limited observations have enabled the discovery of natural laser emission in the mesosphere of Mars and the discovery of failure of local thermodynamic equilibrium near the surface of Mars.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: Optical Engineering; 21; Mar
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    NASA applications for acousto-optic spectrometers (1984)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Small, compact, and rugged IF spectrometers are needed in high resolution heterodyne receivers designed for a new generation of space-borne telescopes planned for the next decade. Acousto-optic Spectrometers (AOS) promise to provide the necessary bandwidth and resolution in a package which is compact, power efficient, and ruggedized for space applications. Sensitivity, linearity, and stability are the primary goals of an astronomical receiver and these features must be demonstrated in order for an AOS to be accepted in place of more conventional RF or digital technology.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 6
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    Acousto-optic spectrometer for radio astronomy (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: A prototype acousto-optic spectrometer which uses a discrete bulk acoustic wave Itek Bragg cell, 5 mW Helium Neon laser, and a 1024 element Reticon charge coupled photodiode array is described. The analog signals from the photodiode array are digitized, added, and stored in a very high speed custom built multiplexer board which allows synchronous detection of weak signals to be performed. The experiment is controlled and the data are displayed and stored with an LSI-2 microcomputer system with dual floppy discs. The performance of the prototype acousto-optic spectrometer obtained from initial tests is reported.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: NASA. Langley Res. Center Heterodyne Systems and Technol., Pt. 2; p 385-397
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 7
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    Vibrational and rotational excitation of CO in comets. Part 1: Non-equilibrium calculations. Part 2: Results of the calculation for standard bright comet, comet Iras-Araki-Alcock and comet Halley (1984)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The vibrational and rotational excitation of the CO molecule in cometary comae were investigated using a model which includes IR vibrational pumping by the solar flux, vibrational and rotational radiative decay, and collisional coupling among rotational states. Steady state was not assumed in solving the rate equations. The evolution of a shell of CO gas was monitored as it expanded from the nucleus into the outer coma. Collisional effects were treated using a kinetic temperature profile derived from theoretical work on the coma energy balance. The kinetic temperature was assumed to be extremely cold in the inner coma; this has significant consequences for the CO excitation. If optical depth effects are ignored, only low J transitions will be significantly excited in comets observed at high spatial resolution. Ground-based observations of CO co-vibrational and rotational transitions will be extremely difficult due to lack of sensitivity and/or terrestrial absorption. However, CO should be detectable from a large comet with favorable observing geometry if the CO is a parent molecule present at the 10% level (or greater) relative to H2O. Observations using cooled, spaceborne instruments should be capable of detecting CO emission from even moderately bright comets.
    Keywords: LUNAR AND PLANETARY EXPLORATION
    Type: NASA-TM-86122 , NAS 1.15:86122
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 8
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    Discovery of natural gain amplification in the 10 muon m CO2 laser bands on Mars: The first definite natural laser (1980)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: Fully resolved intensity profiles of various lines in the CO2 bands at 9.4 micrometers and 10.4 micrometers were measured on Mars using an infrared heterodyne spectrometer. Analysis of the line shapes shows that the Mars atmosphere exhibits positive gain on these lines, providing the first definite detection of natural optical gain amplification and enabling identification of these lines as the first definite natural laser ever discovered.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: NASA-TM-82048
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Fiber-coupled high resolution infrared array spectrometer for the Kuiper Airborne Observatory (1990)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A novel cryogenic grating spectrometer (FCAS) is being designed for observations of volatiles in cometary and planetary atmospheres, and in newly forming planetary systems. The instrument features two-dimensional detector arrays coupled to a high-dispersion echelle by infrared fibers, and will achieve a spectral resolving power of about 40,000. The primary observational platform for this instrument will be the Kuiper Airborne Observatory, but it will also be configured for use at ground-based observatories. Initially, the spectrometer will use a 58 x 62, 1- to 5-micron InSb array. Larger-format IR arrays and arrays of different composition, will later be incorporated as they become available. The instrument will be used in two modes. The first uses a large format IR array in the spectral image plane for the customary one-dimensional spectral-one-dimensional spatial coverage. In the second mode, a massive, coherent bundle of infrared transmitting ZrF4 fibers will be installed after the dispersive element, to reformat the two-dimensional array into an elongated one-dimensional array for wide spectral coverage, allowing multiple lines to be measured in a single integration with high sensitivity. The overall instrument design is discussed, and the system sensitivity is estimated.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Instrumentation in Astronomy VII; Feb 13, 1990 - Feb 17, 1990; Tucson, AZ; United States
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 10
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    Acousto-optic spectrometer for radio astronomy (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Recent developments in acousto-optic techniques and in photodetector arrays have made feasible a new type of RF spectrometer, offering the advantages of wide bandwidth, high resolution, large number of channels in compact, lightweight, energy efficient, and relatively low cost systems. Such a system employs an acousto-optic diffraction cell which serves the key role of converting RF signals to ultrasonic traveling-waves modulating the optical index of the cell. The cell is illuminated across its aperture by a monochromatic laser beam. A fraction of the light is diffracted by the acoustic waves. A focusing lens follows the cell and essentially performs a Fourier transform of the RF signal into a far-field intensity pattern. CSIRO in Australia and the Tokyo Astronomical Observatory in Japan have taken the lead in using acousto-optic techniques in astronomical applications. The first practical device was successfully made at CSIRO for obtaining dynamical spectrographs of solar radio emission.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: 1980 International Optical Computing Conference; Apr 08, 1980 - Apr 11, 1980; Washington, DC
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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