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  • 1
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    Models of atmosphere-ecosystem-hydrology interactions: Approaches and testing (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: Interactions among the atmosphere, terrestrial ecosystems, and the hydrological cycle have been the subject of investigation for many years, although most of the research has had a regional focus. The topic is broad, including the effects of climate and hydrology on vegetation, the effects of vegetation on hydrology, the effects of the hydrological cycle on the atmosphere, and interactions of the cycles via material flux such as solutes and trace gases. The intent of this paper is to identify areas of critical uncertainty, discuss modeling approaches to resolving those problems, and then propose techniques for testing. I consider several interactions specifically to illustrate the range of problems. These areas are as follows: (1) cloud parameterizations and the land surface, (2) soil moisture, and (3) the terrestrial carbon cycle.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: University Corp. for Atmospheric Research, Modeling the Earth System, Volume 3; p 405-421
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Development of simplified ecosystem models for applications in Earth system studies: The Century experience (1992)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: During the past decade, a growing need to conduct regional assessments of long-term trends of ecosystem behavior and the technology to meet this need have converged. The Century model is the product of research efforts initially intended to develop a general model of plant-soil ecosystem dynamics for the North American central grasslands. This model is now being used to simulate plant production, nutrient cycling, and soil organic matter dynamics for grassland, crop, forest, and shrub ecosystems in various regions of the world, including temperate and tropical ecosystems. This paper will focus on the philosophical approach used to develop the structure of Century. The steps included were model simplification, parameterization, and testing. In addition, the importance of acquiring regional data bases for model testing and the present regional application of Century in the Great Plains, which focus on regional ecosystem dynamics and the effect of altering environmental conditions, are discussed.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: University Corp. for Atmospheric Research, Modeling the Earth System, Volume 3; p 281-302
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Methane production and consumption in grassland and boreal ecosystems (1994)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The objectives of the this project were to develop a mechanistic understanding of methane production and oxidation suitable for incorporation into spatially explicit models for spatial extrapolation. Field studies were undertaken in Minnesota, Canada, and Colorado to explore the process controls over the two microbial mediated methane transformations in a range of environments. Field measurements were done in conjunction with ongoing studies in Canada (the Canadian Northern Wetlands Projects: NOWES) and in Colorado (The Shortgrass Steppe Long Term Ecological Research Project: LTER). One of the central hypotheses of the proposal was that methane production should be substrate limited, as well as being controlled by physical variables influencing microbial activity (temperature, oxidation status, and pH). Laboratory studies of peats from Canada and Minnesota (Northern and Southern Boreal) were conducted with amendments of a methanogenic substrate at multiple temperatures and at multiple pHs (the latter by titrating samples). The studies showed control by substrate, pH, and temperature in order in anaerobic samples. Field and laboratory manipulations of natural plant litter, rather than an acetogenic substrate, showed similarly large effects. The studies concluded that substrate is an important control over methanogenesis, that substrate availability in the field is closely coupled to the chemistry of the dominant vegetation influencing its decomposition rate, that most methane is produced from recent plant litter, and that landscape changes in pH are an important control, highly correlated with vegetation.
    Keywords: ENVIRONMENT POLLUTION
    Type: NASA-CR-196085 , NAS 1.26:196085
    Format: application/pdf
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
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