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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (8)
  • ELECTRONICS AND ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING  (4)
  • Parartemia  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 7 (1998), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: Artemia ; divergence ; DNA ; haemoglobin ; Parartemia ; protein sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Parartemia is a genus of brine shrimp endemic to Australia which is related to the more widespread and economically important Artemia sp. The expression of a multimeric haemoglobin molecule in Artemia is well documented but in Parartemia only trace levels of a possible haemoglobin have been observed. In this paper we describe the DNA sequence of a domain of a haemoglobin molecule in Parartemia. The derived amino acid sequence suggests that the possible date of divergence about 85 million years ago of the two genera predates the divergence of the C and T polymers of Artemia haemoglobin. This date would correlate with the physical and temporal isolation of Australia in the late Mesozoic.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International journal of salt lake research 7 (1998), S. 171-180 
    ISSN: 1573-8590
    Keywords: Artemia ; divergence ; DNA ; haemoglobin ; Parartemia ; protein sequence
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geography
    Notes: Abstract Parartemia is a genus of brine shrimp endemic to Australia which is related to the more widespread and economically importantArtemia sp. The expression of a multimeric haemoglobin molecule inArtemia is well documented but inParartemia only trace levels of a possible haemoglobin have been observed. In this paper we describe the DNA sequence of a domain of a haemoglobin molecule inParartemia. The derived amino acid sequence suggests that the possible date of divergence about 85 million years ago of the two genera predates the divergence of the C and T polymers ofArtemia haemoglobin. This date would correlate with the physical and temporal isolation of Australia in the late Mesozoic.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 158 (1988), S. 191-200 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: acid brine shrimp ; metabolism ; salt tolerance ; Parartemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Acid salt lakes are found in several regions of Australia but are uncommonly abundant in the Yilgarn Block area of southwestern Australia. The chemical properties of the acid salt lakes are in general similar to those of shallow ephemeral alkaline salt lakes found in adjacent regions except for having a higher hydrogen ion concentration and an absence of carbonate and bicarbonate ions. The Australian brine shrimp, Parartemia, is the major zooplankter living in these salt lakes. Present investigation on two species of larval Parartemia reveal P. zietziana nauplii having high salt tolerance (LD50 〉 225‰ TDS) but a narrow pH range with an optimum lying near pH 8. In contrast, P. contracta collected from acid salt lakes had a more restricted salt tolerance (LD50 〈 100‰ TDS) but a wider range of pH tolerances with substantial survival below pH 3.5. Both species, P. zietziana and contracta, when placed in ouabain-laden salines, demonstrated decreased survival and indirectly indicated the presence of a ouabain-sensitive sodium pump. Direct enzymatic assay of the sodium pump (Na, K ATPase) in nauplii of P. zietziana gave specific activity values of 2.9 µM Pi/hr/mg protein supporting our working hypothesis that the nauplii of Parartermia have an osmoregulatory system similar to that found in larval Artemia which is dependent upon having large quantities of ATP to support the sodium pump. In Artemia larvae, the production of ATP is enhanced through a facultative pathway involving an aerobic glycolysis linked C-4 dicarboxylic shunt. The major CO2 source for the C-4 acid shunt for alkaline brine shrimp has been found to be the dissolved bicarbonate/carbonate ions. In highly acidic saline lakes, these ions are missing. If acid brine shrimp are to survive in low pH ephemeral saline lakes, they must have evolved an additional proton pump and devised a mechanism to produce ATP from endogenous CO2 substrates.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 18 (1979), S. 2249-2260 
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The usefulness of laser light scattering as a technique for determining protein conformation has been investigated by studying the self-association and drug binding of bovine serum albumin (BSA). The diffusion coefficients of BSA monomers and dimers have been measured and the ratio of these two quantities indicates that in the dimer, the subunit separation is 2.2 times the monomeric hydrodynamic radius. The binding of salicylate to BSA causes an increase in its diffusion coefficient corresponding to a reduction in the frictional drag of the solvent on the protein molecules. It has been found that data obtained using laser light scattering may be interpreted confidently only when proper care has been taken in sample preparation and the scattered intensity autocorrelation function has been appropriately analyzed.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Advanced Materials for Optics and Electronics 5 (1995), S. 305-320 
    ISSN: 1057-9257
    Keywords: rectification ; Langmuir-Blodgett films ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: In the field of molecular scale electronics the drive is towards the fabrication of self-assembled, organic, nanoscale architectures which will have an active role to play in novel electronic devices. As a formative step towards this goal the creation of an organic analogue to the p-n junction was proposed by Aviram and Ratner in the 1970s. In their proposal a monomolecular layer of a charge transfer species controls current flow between a pair of metal electrodes, allowing easy flow for only one polarity of the applied voltage. Such metal/molecular layer/metal structures have now been fabricated, utilising the self-ordering properties of Langmuir-Blodgett films to form the organic layer, with one dimension of the device being reduced to the molecular scale. The fabrication techniques involved in the generation of these M/LB/M junctions are now described along with the present understanding of conduction mechanisms through such nanoscale thickness junctions. These structures clearly show that the organic molecular layers can control current passage in electronic devices emulating some of the characteristics of an inorganic semiconducting p-n junction.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 139-144 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: The porosity of a vascular graft material has been suggested as a major factor affecting the rate and degree of neovascularization of newly implanted grafts, with higher porosites generally associated with better performance. The objective of this study was to determine the water porosity of a new vascular graft material, small-intestinal submucosa (SIS), and to compare the values to those reported for other common vascular graft materials. In addition, the porosity of SIS was investigated with respect to applied pressure and applied uniaxial tension. Both rectangular, flat specimens and tubular specimens of SIS were subjected to static water pressure, and water was collected as it passed through the SIS material. SIS has a typical porosity of 0.52 mL/min · cm-2 at an applied pressure of 120 mm Hg. Although porosity appeared to be unaffected by uniaxial tension, it increased in proportion to applied pressure at a rate of 4.8 × 10-3 mL/min · cm-2/mm Hg. Theselow porosity values and the past success of SIS as a vascular graft material suggest that high-porosity materials are not required for implant succes. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 27 (1993), S. 1235-1241 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Small-intestinal submucosa (SIS) has been shown to be a promising biomaterial for vascular graft applications. This study examines the directionality property of SIS porosity using 35 SIS specimens from 13 pigs. In addition, the effects of the weight of the donor pig, preconditioning of 13 additional SIS specimens, and the duration of the test of five additional SIS specimens on such porosity are reported. The porosity from serosal to mucosal direction was found to be four times greater than the porosity in the opposite direction. The weight of the donor pig was not found to be an important factor in SIS porosity. Preconditioning served to increase the average serosal porosity index at 120 mm Hg static water pressure from 2.99 to 8.33 mL/(min cm2). The porosity in the mucosal direction was not affected by preconditioning. Porosity in both directions decreased with increasing test duration. The directionality property of SIS porosity may be an important factor in its success as a vascular graft. The term ‘porosity’ is used throughout this article, but current standards also refer to the term ‘permeability’ to describe the passage of liquid through a vascular graft. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Biomedical Materials Research 29 (1995), S. 883-891 
    ISSN: 0021-9304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Small-intestinal submucosa (SIS) has been shown to induce tissue remodeling in vivo when used as a vascular graft. The present study investigated the physical and mechanical properties of remodeled aortic grafts derived from xenogeneic SIS material. Eight infrarenal aortic grafts were implanted in mongrel dogs. The grafts were explanted at 1 or 2 months and tested for compliance and hoop mechanical properties. The morphologic changes within the grafts were also characterized. The remodeling process produced graft structures which were significantly stronger than both the normal artery (P = .012) and the original SIS graft (P = .0001), and the compliance of these structures was one third that of normal artery and similar to the original SIS grafts. The remodeled grafts were 〉 10 times the thickness of the implanted SIS. Immunohistochemical analysis of remodeled tissues suggest that the SIS material was degraded and resorbed over time. The remodeling process transformed a material which was physically and mechanically quite different from normal aorta into a blood conduit which had the physical and mechanical properties needed to function in this mammalian arterial system. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Amylose, die aus Kartoffel-, Weizen- und iris-germanica-Stärke nach den üblichen Methoden isoliert worden war, wurde aus einer Dispersion in Dimethylsulfoxyd durch Zugabe von Äthanol und anderen Fällungsmitteln unterfraktioniert. Es wurden Fraktionen erhalten, deren Viskositätszahl einen weiten Bereich überstreicht und die, was wichtiger ist, in dem bei dem Abbau mit β-Amylase erhaltenen Grenzwert [β] differierten. Nach Ultrazentrifugenmessungen in verdünntem Alkali schienen alle Proben homogen zu sein. Wurden die Ultrazentrifugenmessungen in Salzlösungen durchgeführt, erwiesen sich diejenigen, deren [β] 〈 95 war, als heterogen und zeigten eine kleine Menge einer schneller beweglichen Komponente. Die Ergebnisse scheinen darauf hinzuweisen, daß diese Komponente die Barrierenwirkung beim β-Amylaseabbau verursacht.Bei Kartoffelamylose, die in verschiedenen Reifezuständen isoliert worden war, ist ein Anwachsen in [η] mit einer Abnahme von [β] verbunden. Die Beeinflussung der scheinbaren Molekülgröße und des [β]-Wertes durch diesen und andere Faktoren wird diskutiert. Lichtstreuungsmessungen bestätigen das Molekulargewicht und die breite Molekulargewichtsverteilung der natürlichen Amylose. Die Fraktionierung von Stärke, die mit Dimethylsulfoxyd vorbehandelt wurde, wird einer kritischen Betrachtung unterzogen.
    Notes: Samples of amyloses isolated from potato, wheat, and iris germanica starch by conventional procedures have been subfractionated by the addition of ethanol and other precipitants to a dispersion in dimethylsulphoxide. Fractions having a very wide range in limiting viscosity number [η], were obtained, but more significantly the samples differed in their β-amylolysis limits, [β]. On ultracentrifugation all samples were apparently homogeneous in dilute alkali, but most of them with [β] 〈 95 were heterogeneous in saline, and showed a minor, faster-moving component. Evidence is presented that this component may contain the barrier to β-amylolysis. For amyloses isolated from potatoes at varying stages of maturity, an increase in [η] is associated with a decrease in [β]. The significance of this and other factors controlling the apparent molecular size and the [β]-value are discussed. Lightscattering measurements confirm the molecular weight and wide molecular weight distribution of natural amylose. Fractionation of starch pretreated with dimethylsulphoxide has been critically examined.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 22 (1956), S. 31-39 
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The reaction of cellulose, cellobiose, and their acetyl derivatives with trifluoroacetic acid has been studied by the method of infrared spectrophotometry. Changes in optical density were measured at 25°C. as a function of time. Band assignments are adequate for the present study, although some uncertainties exist, especially in the 8 to 10 μ region. Trifluoroacetic acid effects the solution of cellulose by an initial process of swelling, rupture of hydrogen bonds, and micellar dispersion of the cellulose structure. Esterification takes place, possibly by a mechanism involving the formation of an intermediate addition compound. Cellobiose reacts in a similar manner. Partially acetylated cellulose is subject to further esterification by trifluoroacetic acid under similar conditions. The results suggest a more rapid rate of esterification of primary than of secondary hydroxyls.
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