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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate-mapping in wild-typeDrosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 194 (1985), S. 213-216 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Blastoderm fate map ; Embryogenesis ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Here we propose a fate map of theDrosophila blastoderm based on reconstructions of increasingly aged embryos and on results of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) injections in early gastrula cells. Boundaries of blastoderm anlagen have been extrapolated from size, form and location of the corresponding larval primordia, once these primordia become distinguishable at later embryonic stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848248
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fate-mapping in wild-typeDrosophila melanogaster (1985)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 194 (1985), S. 181-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Embryogenesis ; Pattern of cell divisions ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The pattern of cell proliferation and cell movements inDrosophila embryogenesis has been analysed with the aim of constructing a blastoderm fate map. Post-blastoderm cell proliferation starts at gastrulation and ends around the stage of germ band shortening. Three mitotic waves affect the embryonic cells according to a constant spatio-temporal pattern. For any of these waves mitotic activity starts at well-defined loci, which have been called mitotic centres. During the first and second mitotic waves all cells undergo mitosis, except for those of the amnioserosa, which do not proliferate at all. The third wave spares most of the ectodermal cells. Neuroblasts, progenitors of epidermal sensilla and germ line cells show their own, different pattern of proliferation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00848246
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Defective ommatidial cell assembly leads to defective morphogenesis: a phenotypic analysis of the E(spl) D mutation of Drosophila melanogaster (1990)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 198 (1990), S. 286-294 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Compound eye morphogenesis ; Enhancer of split ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The spl mutation of the N gene causes, among other phenotypic traits, the lack of a few ommatidia, roughness and a general reduction in the size of the compound eye; these defects are drastically enhanced by the dominant mutation E(spl) D. We have studied cellular and developmental aspects of the phenotypic interaction between spl and E(spl) D. We found that the initial clustering of photoreceptor cells is affected in eye imaginal discs of spl larvae causing the defects visible in the adult eye. The degree of disorganization of the spl/Y; E(spl) D/ + eye disc is much higher, only a few photoreceptor cells are able to group with representatives of the other cell types and differentiate normally. BrdU incorporation shows that the proliferation pattern of the spl/Y; E(spl) D/ + disc cells during the third instar is normal. Abundant cell death occurs posteriorly in the mutant discs, which accounts for their small size. Finally, we found that in the eye imaginal disc the transcription of m8, the E(spl) gene, responsible for the enhancement of the spl phenotype caused by the E(spl) D mutation, is restricted to the morphogenetic furrow, where the ommatidial cells start grouping with each other to take on their future developmental fates; the m8 transcription rate is highly increased in E(spl) D eye discs. All these observations indicate that the assembly of the ommatidial cells is affected in the spl/Y; E(spl) D/ + disc and that the other abnormalities are morphogenetic consequences of the defective cell grouping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377395
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lineage analysis of transplanted individual cells in embryos of Drosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 489-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Pole cells and midgut progenitors ; Cell lineages ; Embryogenesis ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In this paper experiments concerning some aspects of the development of pole cells and midgut progenitors in Drosophila are reported. Cells were labelled by injecting horseradish-peroxidase (HRP) in embryos before pole bud formation and transplanted at different stages into unlabelled embryos, where the transplanted cells developed together with the unlabelled cells of the host. The hosts were then fixed and stained at different ages in order to demonstrate the presence of HRP in the progenies of transplanted cells. The main conlusions of the study are as follows. The gonads are the only organ to the formation of which pole cells normally contribute; those pole cells which do not participate in the formation of the gonads are finally eliminated or degenerate. Since the number of primordial germ cells in the gonads is the same irrespective of the number of pole cells present in the embryo, an (unknown) mechanism must exist regulating the final number of pole cells in each of the gonads. After their formation and before reaching the gonads, pole cells have been found to divide only up to two times. With respect to the midgut progenitors, the cells of both anlagen have been found to be committed to develop into midgut, although they behave as equivalent in that they do not apparently distinguish between the anterior and posterior anlage. Midgut progenitors have been found to divide a maximum of three times and to produce two different types of cells, epithelial cells of the midgut wall and spindle-like cells located internally in the gut.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00375889
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two groups of interrelated genes regulate early neurogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster (1988)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 197 (1988), S. 457-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Neurogenesis ; Neurogenic genes ; Achaetescute complex ; Daughterless ; Genetic interactions ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary In Drosophila melanogaster the neuroblasts separate from epidermoblasts to give rise to the neural primordium. This process is under the control of several genes. The group of the so-called neurogenic genes is required for epidermal development; other genes, comprising those of the achaete-scute complex and daughterless, are required for neural development. We have studied the relationships between both groups of genes in two different ways. We have analyzed the phenotype of double-mutant embryos and our results show that the neural hyperplasia caused by neurogenic mutations can be partially prevented if a mutation in one of the other genes is present in the same genome. Only the neural cells that do not require the function of a particular gene of the achaete-scute complex in the wild-type seem to develop to a neural fate in the double mutant embryos. At least some of the genetic interactions affect the transcriptional level, as shown by in situ hybridization, since the territories of transcription of the achaetescute genes are expanded in neurogenic mutants. All cells of the neurogenic region of the double mutants apparently initiate neural development. However, during later development some of these cells switch their fate either to epidermogenesis or to cell death and this leads to the final phenotype of the double mutants. We discuss these results with respect to the events of early neurogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385679
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversible commitment of neural and epidermal progenitor cells during embryogenesis of Drosophila melanogaster (1988)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 197 (1988), S. 413-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Cell interactions ; Cell commitment ; Neurogenesis ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Cell-cell interactions are involved in mediating developmental fate. An example is the decision of the neuroectodermal cells of Drosophila to develop as neural or epidermal progenitors, where cellular interactions participate in the process of acquisition of either cell fate. The results of heterochronic cell transplantations we describe here suggest that both neuroblasts and epidermoblasts are not irreversibly committed to a particular developmental fate. Rather, they retain the ability to interact with neighbouring cells and, under our experimental conditions, are capable of switching their fate during a relatively long period of time, i.e. until the end of embryonic stage 11.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00398992
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lineage analysis of transplanted individual cells in embryos of Drosophila melanogaster (1987)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 196 (1987), S. 222-230 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Mesodermal cell lineages ; Cell transplantations ; Embryogenesis ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We describe the results of cell transplantation experiments performed to investigate mesodermal lineages in Drosophila melanogaster, particularly the lineages of the somatic muscles, the visceral muscles and the fat body. Cells to be transplanted were labelled by injecting a mixture of horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and fluorescein-dextran (FITC) in wild-type embryos at the syncytial blastoderm stage. For transplantation cells were removed from the ventral furrow, 8–12 min after the start of gastrulation, and individually transplanted into homotopic or heterotopic locations of unlabelled wild-type hosts of the same age. HRP labelling in the resulting cell clones was demonstrated histochemically in the fully developed embryo; histotypes could be distinguished without ambiguity. Mesodermal cells were already found to be committed to mesodermal fates at the time of transplantation. They developed only into mesodermal derivatives and did not integrate in non-mesodermal organs upon heterotopical transplantation. No evidence was found for commitment to any particular mesodermal organ at the time of transplantation. The majority of somatic muscle clones contributed cells to only one segment. However, clones were not infrequently distributed through two or even three segments. Clones of fat body cells were generally restricted to a small region. However, cells of clones of visceral musculature were widely distributed. With respect to the proliferative abilities of transplanted cells the clones were difficult to interpret due to the syncytial character of the somatic musculature and the fact that the organization of the other organs is poorly understood. Evidence from histological observations of developing normal embryos indicates only three mitoses for mesodermal cells. Clones larger than seven cells were not found when embryos were fixed previous to germ-band shortening; larger clones were found in the fat body and visceral musculature after fixing the embryos at the end of organogenesis. Quantitative considerations suggest that a few mesodermal cells might perform more than three mitoses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376346
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The peripheral nervous system of mutants of early neurogenesis inDrosophila melanogaster (1986)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 195 (1986), S. 210-221 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Peripheral nervous system ; Neurogenesis ; Mutants ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Mutations previously known to affect early neurogenesis inDrosophila melanogaster have been found also to affect the development of the peripheral nervous system. Anti-HRP antibody staining has shown that larval epidermal sensilla of homozygous mutant embryos occur in increased numbers, which depend on the allele considered. This increase is apparently due to the development into sensory organs of cells which in the wild-type would have developed as non-sensory epidermis. Thus, neurogenic genes act whenever developing cells have to decide between neurogenic and epidermogenic fates, both in central and peripheral nervous systems. Different regions of the ectodermal germ layer are distinguished with respect to their neurogenic abilities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02438953
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-site modifiers of the split mutation of Notch define genes involved in neurogenesis in Drosophila melanogaster (1990)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 198 (1990), S. 275-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Neurogenesis ; Notch ; split ; daughterless ; Genetic interactions ; Second-site modifiers ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have searched for dominant modifiers, i.e., enhancers and suppressors, of the compound eye phenotype of split, a recessive viable allele of Notch. Among the spl modifiers found, we have detected mutations in loci whose functions were previously known to cooperate with Notch in embryonic neurogenesis, such as daughterless, master mind, Delta and Hairless. In addition, other spl modifier mutations have been found in loci that were not previously known to interact with Notch, such as scabrous, glass, roughened eye, and several other genes that have not yet been assigned to known loci. The phenotypes associated with mutations in some of these latter loci suggest the participation of the corresponding genes in embryonic neurogenesis. We show that in some cases the observed interactions are due to genetic haplo-insufficent expression of the genes, whereas allele-specific interactions with spl are observed in master mind and Delta alleles. From this observation, we propose a direct functional association between the proteins encoded by Notch, Delta and master mind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377394
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Second-site modifiers of the Delta wing phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster (1992)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 202 (1992), S. 49-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Drosophila ; Delta ; Enhancers ; Suppressors ; Neurogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary We have screened for dominant enhancers and suppressors of the wing phenotype associated with two Delta alleles: Dl 9P39, an amorphic allele, and Dl FE32, an antimorphic allele. The interactions of some of the modifiers with Delta are due to haplo-insufficient expression of the corresponding genes. Although not explicitly shown for the remaining cases, we assume that haploin-sufficiency is also the basis for the relationships of these genes to Delta, since no allele specific interactions were observed. The modifiers found define 22 genes with pleiotropic expression, which can be classified into two groups: genes required for wing vein pattern formation and for neurogenesis, and genes which are not required for neurogenesis. Among the genes of the first group, Hairless and Star were previously known to participate in neural development. One further modifier was found which may correspond to a new neurogenic gene. The second group of genes is larger and includes already known loci, e.g., Plexate, blistered, plexus, etc, as well as other previously unidentified genes, which function during wing morphogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00364596
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