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  • 1
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    An abundant class of tiny RNAs with probable regulatory roles in Caenorhabditis elegans (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-10-27
    Description: Two small temporal RNAs (stRNAs), lin-4 and let-7, control developmental timing in Caenorhabditis elegans. We find that these two regulatory RNAs are members of a large class of 21- to 24-nucleotide noncoding RNAs, called microRNAs (miRNAs). We report on 55 previously unknown miRNAs in C. elegans. The miRNAs have diverse expression patterns during development: a let-7 paralog is temporally coexpressed with let-7; miRNAs encoded in a single genomic cluster are coexpressed during embryogenesis; and still other miRNAs are expressed constitutively throughout development. Potential orthologs of several of these miRNA genes were identified in Drosophila and human genomes. The abundance of these tiny RNAs, their expression patterns, and their evolutionary conservation imply that, as a class, miRNAs have broad regulatory functions in animals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lau, N C -- Lim, L P -- Weinstein, E G -- Bartel, D P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Oct 26;294(5543):858-62.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, and Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11679671" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Blotting, Northern ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*genetics ; Cloning, Molecular ; Conserved Sequence ; Endoribonucleases/metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Helminth ; Genome ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA Precursors/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Helminth/*chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; RNA, Untranslated/chemistry/*genetics/physiology ; Ribonuclease III ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Characterization of the piRNA complex from rat testes (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-17
    Description: Small noncoding RNAs regulate processes essential for cell growth and development, including mRNA degradation, translational repression, and transcriptional gene silencing (TGS). During a search for candidate mammalian factors for TGS, we purified a complex that contains small RNAs and Riwi, the rat homolog to human Piwi. The RNAs, frequently 29 to 30 nucleotides in length, are called Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), 94% of which map to 100 defined (〈 or = 101 kb) genomic regions. Within these regions, the piRNAs generally distribute across only one genomic strand or distribute on two strands but in a divergent, nonoverlapping manner. Preparations of piRNA complex (piRC) contain rRecQ1, which is homologous to qde-3 from Neurospora, a gene implicated in silencing pathways. Piwi has been genetically linked to TGS in flies, and slicer activity cofractionates with the purified complex. These results are consistent with a gene-silencing role for piRC in mammals.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lau, Nelson C -- Seto, Anita G -- Kim, Jinkuk -- Kuramochi-Miyagawa, Satomi -- Nakano, Toru -- Bartel, David P -- Kingston, Robert E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jul 21;313(5785):363-7. Epub 2006 Jun 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular Biology, Massachusetts General Hospital, 185 Cambridge Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16778019" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adenosine Triphosphatases/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Animals ; Chromosomes, Mammalian ; Conserved Sequence ; DNA Helicases/isolation & purification/metabolism ; Gene Library ; Genome ; Male ; Mice ; Proteins/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; *RNA Interference ; RNA, Untranslated/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; RecQ Helicases ; Ribonucleoproteins/chemistry/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Testis/*chemistry ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Vertebrate microRNA genes (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-03-08
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lim, Lee P -- Glasner, Margaret E -- Yekta, Soraya -- Burge, Christopher B -- Bartel, David P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Mar 7;299(5612):1540.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12624257" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis/genetics ; Computational Biology ; Conserved Sequence ; Genome ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Likelihood Functions ; MicroRNAs/chemistry/*genetics ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; RNA Precursors/chemistry/genetics ; Takifugu/genetics ; Vertebrates/*genetics ; Zebrafish/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    The widespread impact of mammalian MicroRNAs on mRNA repression and evolution (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-26
    Description: Thousands of mammalian messenger RNAs are under selective pressure to maintain 7-nucleotide sites matching microRNAs (miRNAs). We found that these conserved targets are often highly expressed at developmental stages before miRNA expression and that their levels tend to fall as the miRNA that targets them begins to accumulate. Nonconserved sites, which outnumber the conserved sites 10 to 1, also mediate repression. As a consequence, genes preferentially expressed at the same time and place as a miRNA have evolved to selectively avoid sites matching the miRNA. This phenomenon of selective avoidance extends to thousands of genes and enables spatial and temporal specificities of miRNAs to be revealed by finding tissues and developmental stages in which messages with corresponding sites are expressed at lower levels.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Farh, Kyle Kai-How -- Grimson, Andrew -- Jan, Calvin -- Lewis, Benjamin P -- Johnston, Wendy K -- Lim, Lee P -- Burge, Christopher B -- Bartel, David P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 16;310(5755):1817-21. Epub 2005 Nov 24.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16308420" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cell Differentiation ; Conserved Sequence ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Gene Expression Profiling ; *Gene Expression Regulation ; Humans ; Mammals/*genetics ; Mice ; MicroRNAs/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Muscle Fibers, Skeletal/cytology/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; RNA Stability ; RNA, Messenger/*genetics/metabolism ; Rats ; Species Specificity ; Untranslated Regions ; Zebrafish/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Structurally complex and highly active RNA ligases derived from random RNA sequences (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-21
    Description: Seven families of RNA ligases, previously isolated from random RNA sequences, fall into three classes on the basis of secondary structure and regiospecificity of ligation. Two of the three classes of ribozymes have been engineered to act as true enzymes, catalyzing the multiple-turnover transformation of substrates into products. The most complex of these ribozymes has a minimal catalytic domain of 93 nucleotides. An optimized version of this ribozyme has a kcat exceeding one per second, a value far greater than that of most natural RNA catalysts and approaching that of comparable protein enzymes. The fact that such a large and complex ligase emerged from a very limited sampling of sequence space implies the existence of a large number of distinct RNA structures of equivalent complexity and activity.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ekland, E H -- Szostak, J W -- Bartel, D P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 21;269(5222):364-70.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7618102" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Base Sequence ; Catalysis ; Cloning, Molecular ; Conserved Sequence ; Introns ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutagenesis ; *Nucleic Acid Conformation ; Point Mutation ; RNA, Catalytic/*chemistry/classification/*metabolism ; Sequence Deletion
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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