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  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (6)
  • Citrus jambhiri  (3)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratospheric ozone depletion and plantinsect interactions: Effects of UVB radiation on foliage quality ofCitrus jambhiri forTrichoplusia ni (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 525-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Citrus jambhiri ; Trichoplusia ni ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; bergapten ; furanocoumarins ; phototoxins ; plant-herbivore interactions ; psoralen ; ultraviolet-B radiation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Projected decreases in stratospheric ozone may result in increases in shortwave ultraviolet (UVB) irradiation at the earth's surface. Furanocoumarins, phototoxic compounds found inCitrus jambhiri foliage, increase in concentration when these plants are grown under enhanced UVB. Survivorship schedules ofTrichoplusia ni (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) caterpillars reared on plants in the presence and absence of enhanced UVB regimes differ significantly; larvae develop more slowly in early life when reared on plants exposed to increased UVB. This same developmental pattern is observed whenT. ni larvae are reared on artificial diets amended with ecologically appropriate amounts of furanocoumarins. Thus, anthropogenically derived changes in stratospheric ozone and concomitant changes in UV light quality at the earth's surface may influence ecological interactions between insects and their host plants by altering secondary metabolism and hence foliage quality for herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02059595
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Furanocoumarin content and phototoxicity of rough lemon (Citrus jambhiri) foliage exposed to enhanced ultraviolet-B (UVB) irradiation (1992)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 18 (1992), S. 1125-1137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Citrus jambhiri ; furanocoumarins ; phototoxins ; ultraviolet-B radiation ; plant-herbivore interactions ; psoralen ; bergapten
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Rooted cuttings ofC. jambhiri were grown under enhanced levels of UVB radiation for 95 days. Bacterial phototoxicity and furanocoumarin content were determined in extracts made from various tissues from the aboveground biomass. Young, newly expanded leaves contained significantly higher concentrations of furanocoumarins than older leaves and stems. Additionally, the proportional concentration of psoralen was higher in young leaves than in old leaves. While treatment with UVB did not result in a change in the overall level of furanocoumarins, it did cause an increase in the ratio of psoralen to bergapten. Bacterial phototoxicity paralleled the distribution of furanocoumarin content among tissue types; analysis of covariance suggested that the phototoxic properties of the extracts could be accounted for on the basis of furanocoumarin content alone.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980068
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phototoxicity ofCitrus jambhiri to fungi under enhanced UV-B radiation: Role of furanocoumarins (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 2813-2830 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Citrus jambhiri ; Fusarium oxysporum ; Fusarium solani ; Penicillium digitatum ; Penicillium italicum ; fungi ; bergapten ; psoralen ; furanocoumarin ; phototoxicity ; ultraviolet light
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Extracts ofCitrus jambhiri foliage exposed to and shielded from UV-B radiation were assayed for phytochemical changes and phototoxicity against four fungal pathogens, two of which (Fusarium solani andF. oxysporum) are causative agents of root rots and two of which (Penicillium italicum andP. digitatum) are associated with fruit rots. Conidial pigment mutants of these four fungal species were assayed to determine whether pigments play a role in protecting fungi against plant photosensitizers. Exposure to 10.2 kJ/ day UV-B radiation for 95 days significantly reduced phototoxicity of leaf extracts to fungi. Although furanocoumarin levels were reduced by UV-B, analysis of covariance revealed that variation in phototoxicity of the extracts cannot be attributed entirely to variation in furanocoumarin content; thus, the possibility exists that nonfuranocoumarin phototoxic constituents, as yet unidentified, respond to UV-B exposure and contribute to overall phototoxic defense ofC. jambhiri against pathogens. Root rot fungi were substantially more sensitive to furanocoumarin phototoxicity than were fruit rot fungi, a pattern consistent with the amount of light exposure normally experienced by these fungi when associated with phototoxic plants. Although pigmented strains of all four species displayed greater resistance to phototoxicity of pure furanocoumarins, no strain differences were detected in assays of foliar extracts; this finding also suggests that nonfuranocoumarin constituents may be involved in the phototoxic defense ofC. jambhiri against pathogens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00980585
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  • 4
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    Aircraft laser infrared absorption spectrometer (ALIAS) for polar ozone studies (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The ALIAS instrument is a very high resolution (0.0003/cm) scanning, tunable diode laser spectrometer designed to make direct, simultaneous measurements of NO2, HNO3, HCl, CH4, and either O3 or N2O (including vertical profiles of CH4 and N2O) in the polar stratosphere at sub-part-per-billion level sensitivities over integration times from 3 to 30 s. Unique features include a sample inlet/throttle system designed to achieve near-isokinetic sampling, in PSC events, an in-flight wavelength reference cell rack, mechanical fringe-spoilers, a four-laser/four-detector dewar with 24-hr hold-time operating at a fixed temperature without electrical regulation, and in-flight fast correlation routines for spectral drift compensation prior to spectral addition. Instrument design and test flight results are discussed in the light of ALIAS's role in the Winter 1991 Arctic aircraft stratospheric ozone campaigns out of Fairbanks, Alaska, and Bangor, Maine.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: In: Infrared technology XVII; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 22-26, 1991 (A93-38376 15-35); p. 187-194.
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  • 5
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    Solid-state radio frequency oscillator for optogalvanic spectroscopy - Detection of nitric oxide using the 2-0 overtone transition (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A compact, solid-state radio-frequency oscillator of low-power consumption is described, which allows quantitative measurement of the optogalvanic effect in low-pressure gas discharges. The oscillator has been used to record a portion of the 2-0 overtone band of nitric oxide at a pressure of about 1 Torr using a tunable color-center laser operating at 2.65 microns.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Review of Scientific Instruments (ISSN 0034-6748); 57; 2242-224
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Nondestructive evaluation of composites by optical time domain reflectometry in imbedded optical fibers (1985)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The use of imbedded optical fibers to obtain dynamic two-dimensional dynamic-strain measurements by optical time-domain reflectometry (OTDR) in laminated composites is described. The fundamental principles of OTDR are reviewed, and the basic parameters resolution and dynamic range are defined. Results of OTDR measurements on 30-cm square plates of 0/90/90/0-deg graphite epoxy composite with type 1506 optical fibers imbedded in a serpentine pattern between (and parallel to the reinforcing fibers of) the 90-deg plates are presented in graphs and briefly characterized. It is estimated that processing the OTDR data with simple techniques could permit strain detection of the order 0.00001 at sampling rates as high as 1/ms.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    IR optical fiber-based noncontact pyrometer for drop tube instrumentation (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-31
    Description: The design of a two color pyrometer with infrared optical fiber bundles for collection of the infrared radiation is described. The pyrometer design is engineered to facilitate its use for measurement of the temperature of small, falling samples in a microgravity materials processing experiment using a 100 meter long drop tube. Because the samples are small and move rapidly through the field of view of the pyrometer, the optical power budget of the detection system is severly limited. Strategies for overcoming this limitation are discussed.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: JPL, Proceedings of the Second Noncontact Temperature Measurement Workshop; p 150-157
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    Smart structures research program at Virginia Tech (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-27
    Description: A review of the smart structures and avionics research and teaching program that started in 1979 at Virginia Tech is described. Current smart structures research include major efforts in the development of embedded and attached optical fiber and acoustic fiber sensors for cure monitoring, in-service lifetime structural testing, nondestructive evaluation, and impact and damage detection and analysis; of gradual material degradation; sensor signal multiplexing, processing and data handling to achieve near real-time distributed structural analysis; and the integration of embedded sensors, actuators and control electronics to achieve controlled structural response. Special campus facilities used for this work include an optical fiber fabrication facility, an autoclave for composite structure fabrication and curing, and laboratories for optical fiber sensor development, materials response and nondestructive evaluation, structural control testing and computer engineering.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: Fiber Optic Smart Strutures and Skins; Sept. 8-9, 1988; Boston, MA; United States
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Optical fiber methods for the NDE of smart skins and structures (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The recent use of optical fiber waveguides as sensors in and on materials and structures is briefly reviewed. Recent progress in the application of fiber optic sensors for composite cure monitoring, in-service static and dynamic materials evaluation, and material degradation determination are outlined. The integration of sensors, actuators, and control system electronics for achieving active material and structural response is described.
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
    Type: SEM Fall Conference; Nov 07, 1988 - Nov 08, 1988; Bethel, CT; United States
    Format: text
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