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  • Chemistry  (17)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (4)
  • Molecular Sequence Data  (3)
  • 1
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    Cloning of B7-2: a CTLA-4 counter-receptor that costimulates human T cell proliferation (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-11-05
    Description: Although presentation of antigen to the T cell receptor is necessary for the initiation of an immune response, additional molecules expressed on antigen-presenting cells deliver essential costimulatory signals. T cell activation, in the absence of costimulation, results in T cell anergy. The B7-1 protein is a costimulator molecule that regulates interleukin-2 (IL-2) secretion by signaling through the pathway that uses CD28 and CTLA-4 (hereafter referred to as the CD28 pathway). We have cloned a counter-receptor of CD28 and CTLA-4, termed B7-2. Although only 26 percent identical to B7-1, B7-2 also costimulates IL-2 production and T cell proliferation. Unlike B7-1, B7-2 messenger RNA is constitutively expressed in unstimulated B cells. It is likely that B7-2 provides a critical early costimulatory signal determining if the T cell will contribute to an immune response or become anergic.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Freeman, G J -- Gribben, J G -- Boussiotis, V A -- Ng, J W -- Restivo, V A Jr -- Lombard, L A -- Gray, G S -- Nadler, L M -- CA 40216/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Nov 5;262(5135):909-11.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Hematologic Malignancies, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7694363" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Abatacept ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Antigens, CD ; Antigens, CD28/metabolism ; Antigens, CD80/chemistry/genetics/*immunology/metabolism ; Antigens, CD86 ; Antigens, Differentiation/*metabolism ; B-Lymphocytes/*immunology/metabolism ; CTLA-4 Antigen ; Cell Line ; *Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary/genetics ; Humans ; *Immunoconjugates ; *Lymphocyte Activation ; *Membrane Glycoproteins ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Sequence Alignment ; Signal Transduction ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Disparate rates of molecular evolution in cospeciating hosts and parasites (1994)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1994-08-19
    Description: DNA sequences for the gene encoding mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I in a group of rodents (pocket gophers) and their ectoparasites (chewing lice) provide evidence for cospeciation and reveal different rates of molecular evolution in the hosts and their parasites. The overall rate of nucleotide substitution (both silent and replacement changes) is approximately three times higher in lice, and the rate of synonymous substitution (based on analysis of fourfold degenerate sites) is approximately an order of magnitude greater in lice. The difference in synonymous substitution rate between lice and gophers correlates with a difference of similar magnitude in generation times.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hafner, M S -- Sudman, P D -- Villablanca, F X -- Spradling, T A -- Demastes, J W -- Nadler, S A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Aug 19;265(5175):1087-90.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Museum of Natural Science, Baton Rouge, LA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8066445" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Electron Transport Complex IV/*genetics ; Host-Parasite Interactions ; Likelihood Functions ; Mitochondria/enzymology ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Phthiraptera/classification/enzymology/*genetics/physiology ; Phylogeny ; Rodentia/classification/*genetics/metabolism/*parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Interaction of the immunosuppressant deoxyspergualin with a member of the Hsp70 family of heat shock proteins (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-10-16
    Description: Deoxyspergualin (DSG) is a potent immunosuppressant whose mechanism of action remains unknown. To elucidate its mechanism of action, an intracellular DSG binding protein was identified. DSG has now been shown to bind specifically to Hsc70, the constitutive or cognate member of the heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) protein family. The members of the Hsp70 family of heat shock proteins are important for many cellular processes, including immune responses, and this finding suggests that heat shock proteins may represent a class of immunosuppressant binding proteins, or immunophilins, distinct from the previously identified cis-trans proline isomerases. DSG may provide a tool for understanding the function of heat shock proteins in immunological processes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Nadler, S G -- Tepper, M A -- Schacter, B -- Mazzucco, C E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Oct 16;258(5081):484-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Bristol-Myers Squibb Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Wallingford, CT 06492.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1411548" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Guanidines/*metabolism ; Heat-Shock Proteins/*metabolism ; Humans ; Immunosuppressive Agents/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Protein Binding ; Tumor Cells, Cultured
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein folding: Optimized sequences obtained by simulated breeding in a minimalist model (1997)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 41 (1997), S. 165-180 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: For a minimalist model of protein folding, which we introduced recently, we investigate various methods to obtain folding sequences. A detailed study of random sequences shows that, for this model, such sequences usually do not fold to their ground states during simulations. Straightforward techniques for the construction of folding sequences, based solely on the target structure, fail. We describe in detail an optimization algorithm, based on genetic algorithms, for the “simulated breeding” of folding sequences in this model. We find that, for any target structure studied, there is not only a single folding sequence but a patch of sequences in sequence space that fold to this structure. In addition, we show that, much as in real proteins, nonhomologous sequences may fold to the same target structure. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strukturisomerie von Dimethylantimontrichlorid (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 3034-3038 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Structural Isomerism of DimethylantimonytrichlorideThe vibrational spectra (i. r., Raman) of both dissolved and crystalline dimethylantimonytrichloride are recorded and assigned. The compound is monomeric in solution with symmetry C2v, it crystallizes as a dimeric, bridged by chlorine atoms and with methyl groups in trans-positions (symmetry D2h).
    Notes: Die Schwingungsspektren (IR, Raman) von gelöstem und Kristallisiertem Dimethylantimontrichlorid werden mitgeteilt und zugeordnet. Danach bildet die Verbindung in Lösung monomere Moleküle der trigonal-bipyramidalen Symmetrie C2v, während im kristallinen Zustand über Chlorobrücken verknüpfte Dimere mit zueinander trans-ständigen Methylgruppen der Symmetrie D2h vorliegen.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19761090908
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reversal of ciliary action in paramecium caudatumContribution from the Zoological Laboratory of the Johns Hopkins University and the Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole. (1926)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 43 (1926), S. 105-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: 1Monovalent cation salts induce reversal in the direction of the stroke of the cilia; bivalent and trivalent cation salts with a few exceptions do not. Some acids induce reversal, others do not.2The duration of reversed action varies with the kind of salt and with the concentration. As the concentration increases, the duration of reversed action increases to a maximum and then decreases to zero.3Bivalent and trivalent cation salts neutralize the effect of monovalent cation salts. The relative amount required varies with the kind of salt used and with the concentration.4The amount of a given salt required to neutralize another salt is not proportional to the concentration of the salt neutralized. Weber's law does not hold.5The results seem to indicate that ciliary reversal is associated with differential adsorption and consequent changes in electric potential, but that there are also other factors involved.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1050430106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poly[(4-N-ethylene-N-ethylamino)-α-cyanocinnamate]: A nonlinear optical polymer with a chromophoric mainchain. I. Synthesis and spectral characterization (1991)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 29 (1991), S. 1623-1631 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Poly[(4-N-ethylene-N-ethylamino)-α-cyanocinnamate] was prepared by solution esterification of (4-N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) amino)-α-Cyanocinnamic acid and by melt transesterification of ethyl (4-N-ethyl-N-(2-hydroxyethyl) amino)-α-cyanocinnamate. The melt transesterification generally yielded polymer with a number-average molecular weight of about 10,200 by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) versus polystyrene standards. The polymer was found to be amorphous with a glass transition temperature of about 103°C by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The solution esterification generally gave a polymer with a number-average molecular weight of about 2200 by GPC versus polystyrene standards. This polymer was found to have a glass transition temperature varying between 60 and 90°C by DSC. The infrared (IR) spectrum of the polymer made from both methods were analyzed in detail. The 1H- and 13C-NMR spectra of the meltsynthesized ethyl cinnamate derivative polymer are consistent with the reported structure.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1991.080291112
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Main-chain, syndioregic, high-glass transition temperature polymer for nonlinear optics: Synthesis and characterization (1993)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 31 (1993), S. 2899-2906 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-624X
    Keywords: high-glass transition temperature nonlinear optical polymer ; syndioregic ; mainchain chromophore ; accordion polymers ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new main-chain syndioregic (head-to-head) NLO polymer was synthesized. The glass transition temperature of high molecular weight polymer was found to be 208°C, and the polymer has minimal weight loss at temperatures to at least 250°C owing to the incorporation of hydrogen bonding moieties and rigid bridging groups. The polymer was further characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The study of the nonlinear optical properties of this polymer are in progress. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1993.080311203
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aging in nonlinear optical polymer waveguides (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 252 (1997), S. 153-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The role that polymers will play as optical waveguides in the photonic communications revolution is described, including examples of polymer photonic devices, physical and optical requirements, aging mechanisms, competing materials, electric-field poled polymer films, room-temperature processed polymer films, and analytical methods for studying physical aging. Several important recent aging studies on nonlinear optical polymers, both thermoplastic and thermoset, are reviewed.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1997.052520111
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verbesserung des spezifischen Energieverbrauchs technischer Wasser-Elektrolyseure durch kataphoretische In-situ-Aktivierung (1989)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 61 (1989), S. 557-559 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.330610713
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