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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-05-15
    Description: Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most frequent birth defect, affecting 0.8% of live births. Many cases occur sporadically and impair reproductive fitness, suggesting a role for de novo mutations. Here we compare the incidence of de novo mutations in 362 severe CHD cases and 264 controls by analysing exome sequencing of parent-offspring trios. CHD cases show a significant excess of protein-altering de novo mutations in genes expressed in the developing heart, with an odds ratio of 7.5 for damaging (premature termination, frameshift, splice site) mutations. Similar odds ratios are seen across the main classes of severe CHD. We find a marked excess of de novo mutations in genes involved in the production, removal or reading of histone 3 lysine 4 (H3K4) methylation, or ubiquitination of H2BK120, which is required for H3K4 methylation. There are also two de novo mutations in SMAD2, which regulates H3K27 methylation in the embryonic left-right organizer. The combination of both activating (H3K4 methylation) and inactivating (H3K27 methylation) chromatin marks characterizes 'poised' promoters and enhancers, which regulate expression of key developmental genes. These findings implicate de novo point mutations in several hundreds of genes that collectively contribute to approximately 10% of severe CHD.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3706629/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3706629/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zaidi, Samir -- Choi, Murim -- Wakimoto, Hiroko -- Ma, Lijiang -- Jiang, Jianming -- Overton, John D -- Romano-Adesman, Angela -- Bjornson, Robert D -- Breitbart, Roger E -- Brown, Kerry K -- Carriero, Nicholas J -- Cheung, Yee Him -- Deanfield, John -- DePalma, Steve -- Fakhro, Khalid A -- Glessner, Joseph -- Hakonarson, Hakon -- Italia, Michael J -- Kaltman, Jonathan R -- Kaski, Juan -- Kim, Richard -- Kline, Jennie K -- Lee, Teresa -- Leipzig, Jeremy -- Lopez, Alexander -- Mane, Shrikant M -- Mitchell, Laura E -- Newburger, Jane W -- Parfenov, Michael -- Pe'er, Itsik -- Porter, George -- Roberts, Amy E -- Sachidanandam, Ravi -- Sanders, Stephan J -- Seiden, Howard S -- State, Mathew W -- Subramanian, Sailakshmi -- Tikhonova, Irina R -- Wang, Wei -- Warburton, Dorothy -- White, Peter S -- Williams, Ismee A -- Zhao, Hongyu -- Seidman, Jonathan G -- Brueckner, Martina -- Chung, Wendy K -- Gelb, Bruce D -- Goldmuntz, Elizabeth -- Seidman, Christine E -- Lifton, Richard P -- 5U54HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- F30 HL123238/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD018655/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- T32 GM007205/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- U01 HG006546/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098123/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098153/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL098163/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098123/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098147/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098153/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098162/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098163/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U01-HL098188/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG006504/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2013 Jun 13;498(7453):220-3. doi: 10.1038/nature12141. Epub 2013 May 12.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut 06510, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23665959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Chromatin/chemistry/metabolism ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Enhancer Elements, Genetic/genetics ; Exome/genetics ; Female ; Genes, Developmental/genetics ; Heart Diseases/*congenital/*genetics/metabolism ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Lysine/chemistry/metabolism ; Male ; Methylation ; Mutation ; Odds Ratio ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: We tested the hypothesis that de novo copy number variation (CNV) is associated with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). We performed comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) on the genomic DNA of patients and unaffected subjects to detect copy number variants not present in their respective parents. Candidate genomic regions were validated by higher-resolution CGH, paternity testing, cytogenetics, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and microsatellite genotyping. Confirmed de novo CNVs were significantly associated with autism (P = 0.0005). Such CNVs were identified in 12 out of 118 (10%) of patients with sporadic autism, in 2 out of 77 (3%) of patients with an affected first-degree relative, and in 2 out of 196 (1%) of controls. Most de novo CNVs were smaller than microscopic resolution. Affected genomic regions were highly heterogeneous and included mutations of single genes. These findings establish de novo germline mutation as a more significant risk factor for ASD than previously recognized.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2993504/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2993504/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Sebat, Jonathan -- Lakshmi, B -- Malhotra, Dheeraj -- Troge, Jennifer -- Lese-Martin, Christa -- Walsh, Tom -- Yamrom, Boris -- Yoon, Seungtai -- Krasnitz, Alex -- Kendall, Jude -- Leotta, Anthony -- Pai, Deepa -- Zhang, Ray -- Lee, Yoon-Ha -- Hicks, James -- Spence, Sarah J -- Lee, Annette T -- Puura, Kaija -- Lehtimaki, Terho -- Ledbetter, David -- Gregersen, Peter K -- Bregman, Joel -- Sutcliffe, James S -- Jobanputra, Vaidehi -- Chung, Wendy -- Warburton, Dorothy -- King, Mary-Claire -- Skuse, David -- Geschwind, Daniel H -- Gilliam, T Conrad -- Ye, Kenny -- Wigler, Michael -- MH076431/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH61009/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH64547/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH076431/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH076431-01/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):445-9. Epub 2007 Mar 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, 1 Bungtown Road, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA. sebat@cshl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Asperger Syndrome/genetics ; Autistic Disorder/*genetics ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Cytogenetic Analysis ; Female ; Gene Deletion ; *Gene Dosage ; Gene Duplication ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; *Genome, Human ; Germ-Line Mutation ; Humans ; In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence ; Male ; Markov Chains ; Microsatellite Repeats ; *Mutation ; Nucleic Acid Hybridization ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Parents ; Siblings
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 15 (1973), S. 13-25 
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A rate equation has been derived to describe the hydrolysis of benzylpenicillin to 6-aminopenicillanic acid by penicillin amidase. The integrated from of the rate equation has been shown to predict satisfactorily the progress of the reaction in a batch reactor using either soluble or immobilized penicillin amidase. The rate equation was also used to predict the performance of a continuous feed stirred tank reactor containing immobilized enzyme. There was good agreement with experimental measurements.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 3 (1980), S. 400-404 
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Liquid chromatography, HPLC ; Thin-layer chromatography, TLC ; Amniotic fluid ; Fetal lung maturity ; Phospholipids ; Lecithin/Sphingomyelin ratio, L/S ; Shake test ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A method for the HPLC separation of phosphatidylglycerol (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and sphingomyelin (SPH) was achieved using five in-series columns packed with LiChrosorb, Partisil, and μ-Porasil adsorbents, a solvent mixture of chloroform/methanol/ammonium hydroxide (50 : 36 : 6.7, by volume), and a Pye LCM2 Moving Wire (FID) detector. The same phospholipid mixture was also separated using four μ-Porasil columns with the same eluent and detector. The latter conditions were found to be suitable for the analysis of phospholipids obtained after centrifuging, extraction, and precipitation of surface-active lipid components of patient amniotic fluid collected at amniocentesis section. The lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratios, determined by the HPLC method, correlated well with those determined by the TLC technique in four normal pregnancies, whereas results of shake tests did not correlate too well with L/S ratios determined by the above two chromatographic methods. Besides the lecithin/sphingomyelin ratio, the present method was able to supply additional information: the concentrations of phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol, for prediction of fetal lung maturity, and the palmitic acid content of amniotic fluid phosphatidylcholine.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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