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  • Chemistry  (883)
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über die Kristallstruktur und Säureeigenschaften von AlBr3 · SH2Professor Wilhelm Klemm zum 60. Geburtstage gewidmet (1956)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 283 (1956), S. 390-400 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: AlBr3 · SH2 kristallisiert (unter Vernachlässigung der Wasserstoffatome) trigonal in der Raumgruppe D3d3—P3m1. Die Elementarzelle (a = 7,89 Å, c = 6,61Å) enthält zwei Formeleinheiten. Die Bromatome besetzen die Punktlage 6(i) mit x = 0,170 und z = 0,283; die Aluminium- und Schwefelatome liegen auf 2 (d) mit zAl = 0,170 und zS = -0,188. Drei Bromatome und en Schwefelatom sind jeweils tetraedrisch um ein Aluminiumatom angeordnet. Die einzelnen Tetraeder sind nur wenig verzerrt. Der Aluminium-Schwefelabstand entspricht annähernd dem für eine Atombindung errechneten Abstand.Die Lösungen der Verbindung in organischen Flüssigkeiten mit aromatischem Bindungscharakter leiten den elektrischen Strom. Die benzolische Lösung läßt sich mit Anilin konduktometrisch titrieren. Das ausgeschiedene Di-Aniliniumsalz ist wenig beständig und zersetzt sich unter H2S-Entwicklung zu AlBr3 · 2 H2N—C6H5.Mit Diazomethan bilden sich Methylester. Die Methylester können auch durch Reaktion von Aluminiumbromid mit Methylmercaptan bzw. Dimethylsulfid dargestellt werden.Bei der Elektrolyse der benzolischen Lösung von AlBr3 · SH2 erfolgt eine kathodische Wasserstoffentwicklung. An der Anode bildet sich außer Aluminiumbromid kolloider Schwefel, der in Form von keulenförmigen violettschwarzen bis braunschwarzen Gebilden von der Anode wegwächst.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19562830140
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zur Kenntnis wasserbeständiger Kieselsäureester (1961)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 311 (1961), S. 151-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Aqueous solutions of o-dihydroxy-arylenes react with colloidal silicic acid, solid SiO2 or even quartz forming dimeric silicic acid esters with a content of three moles of arylene per silicium (arylene components see „Inhaltsübersicht“). The properties of these esters are described.The thermal decompositions of some esters have been investigated.
    Notes: o-Dihydroxyarylene reagieren in wässerigen Lösungen mit Kieselsäuresol oder festem SiO2, selbst mit Quarz unter Bildung von beständigen Kieselsäureestern. Verbindungen mit den folgenden o-Dihydroxyarylen-Komponenten wurden dargestellt: Brenzcatechin, Methylbrenzcatechin, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzaldehyd, 3,4-Dihydroxybenzoesaure 2,3-Dihydroxybenzoesäure, 2,3-Dihydroxynaphthalin, Pyrogallol, Gallussäure, Alizarin, Purpurin, Quercetin und Gerbsäure. Das Verhältnis o-Dihydroxykomponente: Silicium ist 3 : 1. Die Ester sind dimer.Die Produkte des thermischen Abbaus einiger Kieselsäureester werden untersucht.Isotypiebetrachtungen und Mischkristallbildung mit den entsprechenden Verbindungen von Titan, Germanium, Zinn und Zirkon legen die Vermutung nahe, daß in den Salzen der Hexa-dihydroxy-bis-Kieselsäureester die Siliciumatome die Koordinationszahl 6 gegen Sauerstoff betätigen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19613110307
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Über Quecksilberoxyhalogenide. II. Die Kristallstruktur des Trichloro-triquecksilber(II)-oxoniumchlorids (1953)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 274 (1953), S. 151-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 2 HgCl2 · HgO(Hg3OCl4) kristallisiert kubisch in der Raumgruppe T4-P 213. D 12 Hg-Atome besetzen die allgemeine Punktlage 12 (b) mit x = 0,232, y = 0,175, z = 0,518; die 16 Cl-Atome die Punktlage 12 (b) mit x = 0,279, y = 0,020, z = 0,316 und di spezielle Punktlage 4 (a) mit x = 0,438. Der Sauerstoff liegt auf der Punktlage 4 (a) mi x = 0,808. Die Kantenlänge des Elementarwürfels beträgt 9,26 ± 0,01 Å.Die Verbindung ist aus ebenen, trigonalen Trichloro-triquecksilber(II)-oxonium-Ione und Cl-Ionen aufgebaut. Der Valenzwinkel am Hg beträgt erwartungsgemäß 180° Der Sauerstoff ist oxoniumartig an drei Hg-Atome gebunden.Die Cl-Ionen, welche die [(HgCl)3O]-Ionen miteinander verknüpfen, können weit gehend gegen F-Ionen ausgetauscht werden, wobei die Gitterkonstante auf 9,21 ± 0,02 Å erniedrigt wird. Der Ersatz von Cl- gegen F- erleichtert die Hydrolyse.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/zaac.19532740112
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of electron radiation on dyed PET and PA 66 substrates (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 197 (1992), S. 185-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: PET- und PA 66-Textilien wurden unter normalen Bedingungen mit verschiedenen Dispersionsfarbstoffen gefärbt. Die gefärbten Textilien wurden mit 180 kV Elektronenstrahlung bestrahlt. Es wurde beobachtet, daß, verglichen mit den unbestrahlten Materialien, zunehmende Strahlungsdosen zu einer Zunahme des Gesamtfarbabstandes dE führten. Diese Farbunterschiede werden hauptsächlich von zwei Reaktionen verursacht: Erstens von der reversiblen Bildung von Farbstoffradikalen, die (an Luft) wieder zu den Ausgangsfarbstoffen reoxidiert werden können und zweitens durch die irreversible Reaktion von Farbstoffmolekülen mit dem Faserpolymeren. Die zweite Reaktion ruft eine permanente Farbänderung des Textils hervor, die bei entsprechenden Bestrahlungsbedingungen klein gehalten werden kann. Die Entscheidung, ob diese Veränderung toleriert werden kann, hängt von der weiteren Verwendung des Textils ab.
    Notes: PET and PA 66 fabrics were dyed with different disperse dyes under regular conditions. The dyed fabrics were irradiated with 180 kV electron radiation. It was observed that increasing radiation doses led to increasing total color differences dE if compared to the unirradiated materials.These color differences are mainly caused by two types of reactions. First by the reversible formation of dye radicals, which can be reoxidized (in air) to the original dye molecules, and second by the irreversible reaction of dye molecules with the fiber polymer. The latter reaction causes a permanent change of the color of the fabric, which can be kept low with the proper irradiation conditions. The decision whether or not this change can be tolerated depends on the further use of the textile.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1992.051970116
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical solutions of the Lamm equation. III. Velocity centrifugation (1967)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 5 (1967), S. 697-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have generated solutions to the Lamm equation to examine the effects of concentration dependence on velocity experiments. Two forms of c dependence are considered: s/s0 = 1 - kc and s/s0 = (1 + kc)-1. Features of these solutions are discussed. The magnitude of the errors resulting from the usual procedure of measuring the rate of movement of schlieren maxima or of the position at which the concentration is one half the plateau value have been examined. These errors are usually negligible after sufficient centrifugation time. The errors in using the half-plateau concentration are less than those using the movement of the peak. We have also examined a technique due to Fujita for determining D from boundary spreading when s/s0 = (1+kc)-1. This method is satisfactory when s/s0 is actually of this form, or under certain limitations when s/s0 = (1 + kc)-1. Creeth has shown that under certain conditions the concentration gradient, curve remains virtually unchanged in shape after separating from the meniscus. When this occurs it is possible to estimate s/D from the data. The condition for such a steady state is that kc0 be sufficiently large. Numerical confirmation of this method is presented in the final section.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1967.360050804
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Diffusional boundary spreading in the ultracentrifuge (1970)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 9 (1970), S. 865-874 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A common approximation for deriving solutions to the Lamm equation is to neglect diffusion. This paper presents a singular perturbation technique that allows one to estimate the band spreading due to nonzero diffusion coefficient. We illustrate the general mathematical technique by its application to sedimentation when pressure effects are important. Comparison of the approximate solution with accurate numerical solutions shows that the relative errors are of the order of 1% both for concentration and concentration gradient for parameters of chemical interest.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1970.360090710
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical solutions of the Lamm equation. II. Equilibrium sedimentationPresented, in part, at, the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society, San Francisco, 1965. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 4 (1966), S. 457-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The Lamm equation has been solved numerically for conditions corresponding to equilibrium runs for a nonlinear concentration dependence of the form s/s0 = (1 + kc)-1. It is shown that the approach to equilibrium is very close to being exponential (in time) as in the case k = 0. We also compare results for the nonlinear case given above with results obtained for linear c-dependence of the form s/s0 = 1 - kc. For relatively high speeds the time required to attain equilibrium may be greatly underestimated by use of the latter approximation. Finally, we present analytic approximations for the concentration distribution at equilibrium and as a function of time.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1966.360040407
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical solutions of the Lamm equation. I. Numerical procedurePresented, in part, at the Ninth Annual Meeting of the Biophysical Society, San Francisco, 1965. (1966)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 4 (1966), S. 449-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This paper gives an account, of the numerical technique used to derive results to he presented in future papers of this series.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1966.360040406
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnitude of a finite equilibration effect in analytical gel chromatography (1972)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 11 (1972), S. 2125-2130 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Previous analyses of solute behavior in analytical gel chromatography1,2 have allowed for a finite equilibration time between stationary and mobile phases in estimating the magnitude of axial dispersion coefficients, but have ignored these effects in formulating the continuity equations for solute transport. We develop a more accurate theory including the equilibration effect, and show experimentally that it can be disregarded after approximately two minutes from the start of a small-zone experiment.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1972.360111012
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instability in pressure-dependent sedimentation of monomer - polymer systems (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 12 (1973), S. 2477-2490 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The possibility of convection in velocity sedimentation studies on pressure dependent associating systems is known both experimentally and theoretically. We present accurate numerical solutions to the Lamm equation to illustrate this phenomenon for monomer-polymer systems. An approximate theory based on the absence of diffusion is then developed to predict the onset of convection. Comparison of the theory with the numerical solutions shows it to be quite accurate.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1973.360121104
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