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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism-based isocoumarin inhibitors for serine proteases: Use of active site structure and substrate specificity in inhibitor design (1989)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 39 (1989), S. 33-46 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: anticoagulants ; blood coagulation enzymes ; elastase ; emphysema ; isocoumarins ; molecular modeling ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Isocoumarins are potent mechanism-based heterocyclic irreversible inhibitors for a variety of serine proteases. Most serine proteases are inhibited by the general serine protease inhibitor 3,4-dichloroisocoumarin, whereas isocoumarins containing hydrophobic 7-acylamino groups are potent inhibitors for human leukocyte elastase and those containing 7-alkylureidogroups are inhibitors for porcine pancreatic elastase. Isocoumarins containing basic side chains that resemble arginine are potent inhibitors for trypsin-like enzymes. A number of 3-alkoxy-4-chloro-7-guanidinoisocoumarins are potent inhibitors of bovine thrombin, human factor Xa, human factor XIa, human factor XIIa, human plasma kallikrein, porcine pancreatic kallikrein, and bovine trypsin. Another cathionic derivative, 4-chloro-3-(2-isothiureidoethoxy) isocoumarin, is less reactive toward many of these enzymes but is an extremely potent inhibitor of human plasma kallikrein. Several guanidinoisocoumarins have been tested as anticoagulants in human plasma and are effective at prolonging the prothrombin time. The mechanism of inhibition by this class of heterocyclic inactivators involves formation of an acyl enzyme by reaction of the active site serine with the isocoumarin carbonyl group. Isocoumarins with 7-amino or 7-guanidino groups will then decompose further to quinone imine methide intermediates, which react further with an active site residue (probably His-57) to form stable inhibited enzyme derivatives. Isocoumarins should be useful in further investigations of the physiological function of serine proteases and may have future therapeutic utility for the treatment of emphysema and coagulation disorders.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240390105
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Developmental changes in transcription factors associated with the nuclear matrix of chicken erythrocytes (1996)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 62 (1996), S. 454-466 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: nuclear matrix ; histone H5 ; transcription ; transcription factors ; erythroid development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The nuclear matrix has roles in organizing nuclear DNA and in controlling transcription. Transcription factors are associated with the nuclear matrix, with the spectra of transcription factors differing from one cell type to another. In this study we identified the transcription factors and enzymes functioning in the regulation of gene expression that were associated with nuclear matrix and nonmatrix nuclear fractions in erythrocytes isolated from chick embryos at different stages of development, anemic and normal adult birds. We found that the primitive erythroid nuclear matrix had the greatest histone deacetylase activity and highest levels of several transcription factors, including GATA-1, CACCC-binding proteins, and NF1. These transcription factors have key roles in erythroid-specific gene expression. The levels of these transcription factors were lower in the nonmatrix and matrix fractions isolated from definitive erythrocytes. For primitive and definitive erythrocytes, the level of CACCC-binding proteins in the nuclear matrix fraction was greater than that of Sp1. The relative levels of these transcription factors were reversed in the nonmatrix fraction. Casein kinase II was not found in erythroid nuclear matrices. The observed erythroid lineage specific alterations in erythroid nuclear matrix transcription factor composition and abundance may be involved in erythroid-specific gene expression. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of a water-soluble extract of Cordyceps sinensis on steroidogenesis and capsular morphology of lipid droplets in cultured rat adrenocortical cells (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 69 (1998), S. 483-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: Cordyceps sinensis ; adrenal cells ; steroidogenesis ; signal pathway ; PKC ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Cordyceps sinensiscontains a factor that stimulates corticosteroid production in the animal model. However, it is not known whether this drug acts directly on the adrenal glands or indirectly via the hypothalamus-pituitary axis. In the present study, we used primary rat adrenal cell cultures to investigate the pharmacological function of a water-soluble extract of Cordyceps sinensis(CS) and thesignaling pathway involved. Radioimmunoassay of corticosterone indicated that the amount of corticosterone produced by adrenal cells is increased in a positively dose-dependent manner by CS, reaching a maximun at 25 μg/ml. This stimulating effect was seen 1 h after CS treatment and was maintained for up to 24 h. Concomitantly, the lipid droplets in these cells became small and fewer in number. Immunostaining with a monoclonal antibody, A2, a specific marker for the lipid droplet capsule, demonstrated that detachment of the capsule from the lipid droplet occurs in response to CS application and that the period required for decapsulation is inversely related to the concentration of CS applied. The mechanism of CS-induced steroidogenesis is apparently different from that for ACTH, since intracellular cAMP levels were not increased in CS-treated cells. However, combined application with calphostin C, a PKC inhibitor, completely blocked the effect of CS on steroidogenesis, suggesting that activation of PKC may be responsible for the CS-induced steroidogenesis. J. Cell. Biochem. 69:483-489, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density-Dependent modulatioon of vascular smooth muscle α-actin biosynthetic processing in differntiated BC3H1 myogenic cells (1992)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 50 (1992), S. 266-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: actin ; muscle cells ; differentiation ; cells contacts ; peptide mapping ; posttranslational control ; EDTA ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The expression of vasuclar smooth muscle (VSM) α-actin mRNA during BC3H1 myogenic cell differentiation is specifically stimulated by conditions of high cell density. Non-proteolytic dissociation of cell-cell and cell-matrix contacts in post-confluent cultures of BC3H1 myocytes using EDTA promotes loss of the differentiated morphological phenotype. EDTA-dispersed myocytes exhibit an undifferentiated fibroblastoid appearance and contained reduced levels of both VSM and skeletal α-actin mRNA. Muscle α-actin mRNA levels in EDTA-dispersed myocytes were not restored to that observed in confluent myocyte preparations by experimental manipulation of cell density conditions. Pulse-labeling techniques using L-[35S] cysteine to identify muscle actin biosynthetic intermediates revelated that EDTA-dispersed myocytes expressed nascent forms of both the VSM and skeletal muscle α-actin polypetide chains. However EDTA-dispersed myocytes were less effieicent in the post-translational processing of immautre VSM α-actin compared to non-dispersed myocytes. Simple cell-to-cell contact may mediate VSM α-actin processing efficiency since high-density preparations of EDTA-dispersed myocytes processed more VSM α-actin intermediate than myocytes plated at low density. The actin isoform selectivity of the response to modulation of intercellular contacts suggests that actin biosynthesis in BC3H1 myogenic cells involves mehcanisms capable of discriminating between different isoform classes of nascent actin polypetide chains. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240500307
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nuclear factor 1 is a component of the nuclear matrix (1994)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 55 (1994), S. 252-263 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: NF1 ; nuclear matrix ; histone H5 ; transcription ; transcription factors ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Chicken histone H5 is an H1-like linker histone that is expressed only in nucleated erythrocytes. The histone H5 promoter has binding sites for Sp1 (a high affinity site) and UPE-binding protein, while the 3′ erythroid-specific enhancer has binding sites for Sp1 (one moderate and three weak affinity), GATA-1, and NF1. In this study we investigated whether trans-acting factors that bind to the chicken histone H5 promoter or enhancer are associated with adult chicken immature and mature erythrocyte nuclear matrices. We show that NF1, but not Sp1, GATA-1, or UPE-binding protein, is associated with the internal nuclear matrices of these erythroid cells. Further, we found that a subset of the NF1 family of proteins is bound to the mature erythrocyte nuclear matrix. These results suggest that in chicken erythrocytes NF1 may mediate an interaction between the histone H5 enhancer and the erythroid internal nuclear matrix. NF1 was also present in the internal nuclear matrices of chicken liver and trout liver. The observations of this study provide evidence that NF1 may have a role in a variety of cell types in targeting specific DNA sequences to the nuclear matrix. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240550212
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of human breast cancer nuclear proteins binding to the promoter elements of the c-myc gene (1996)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 60 (1996), S. 560-571 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: human c-myc ; transcription factors ; promoters ; human breast cancer ; nuclear proteins ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The expression of the c-myc gene is essential for the proliferation of both hormone-dependent and -independent human breast cancer cells. The regulation of c-myc gene expression in MCF-7 (hormone-dependent, estrogen-receptor (ER)-positive) and MDA MB 231 (hormone-independent, ER-negative) human breast cancer cells differs, with the c-myc gene of MCF-7 but not MDA MB 231 cells being regulated at the transcriptional level by estrogen. We have shown previously that the DNAase I hypersensitive (DH) sites in the c-myc chromatin of hormone-dependent and -independent human breast cancer cells were similar, with the exception of DH site II2, DH site II2, which maps near the P0 promoter, was less sensitive in hormone-dependent than in hormone-independent cells. As DH sites generally indicate the presence of sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins, we undertook a study to identify the nuclear proteins isolated from MCF-7 and MDA MB 231 cells that bound to the P0 and P2 promoter regions of the c-myc gene in vitro. The studies presented here provide evidence that Sp1 and/or Sp1-like proteins bind to the P0 and P2 promoter regions of the c-myc gene of MCF-7 and MDA MB 231 cells. Furthermore, evidence is presented for the presence of several previously unidentified sequence-specific DNA-binding proteins binding to these promoters. The DNA-binding activities of these latter proteins differed in the nuclear extracts of the MCF-7 and MDA MB 231 human breast cancer cells. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oil sorption behavior of various sorbents studied by sorption capacity measurement and environmental scanning electron microscopy (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Microscopy Research and Technique 25 (1993), S. 447-455 
    Details
    ISSN: 1059-910X
    Keywords: Cotton ; Milkweed ; Kapok ; Polypropylene ; Bicomponent fiber ; Biconstituent fiber ; Adsorption ; Absorption ; Capillary action ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Oil sorption capacities of various natural and man-made fibrous sorbents were compared in a simulated seawater bath containing oil. Natural sorbents such as milkweed, kapok, cotton, and wool showed higher sorption capacities than man-made sorbents such as polyester, polypropylene, viscose rayon, nylon 6, nylon 66, and acetate. Sorption capacities of the natural sorbents were over 30 g oil/g fiber. No definite advantages were observed using man-made bicomponent and biconstituent fibers over regular man-made fibers with respect to their sorption capacity.Analyses of sorption mechanisms using an environmental scanning electron microscope revealed that an oil deposit disappeared from the fiber surface after a certain time interval in milkweed, kapok, and cotton. This suggested that the sorption of oil in these fibers occurred through capillary action, probably due to their hollow lumens. Contrarily, adsorption, a surface phenomenon, would be the most prominent mechanism for oil sorption of wool fibers due to large amounts of surface wax, irregular scaly surfaces, and crimp. Effects of both adsorption and absorption were shown in the oil sorption of man-made fibers, depending upon the type and shape of the sorbent. Dumbbell-like oil deposits were seen on the fiber surface in certain oleophilic man-made fibers, because of a partial wetting of oil on the fiber surface. For some hydrophilic man-made fibers such as polyvinylalcohol and copolymer of isobutylene-maleic anhydride, the physical configuration of the fiber was a decisive factor in determining oil sorpton capacity of the sorbents. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jemt.1070250516
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of a gene encoding a rabbit sperm membrane protein in mammalian cells (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Molecular Reproduction and Development 31 (1992), S. 9-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-452X
    Keywords: Spermatogenesis ; Spermiogenesis ; Sperm tail antigen ; CHO cells ; Germ cells ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A general mammalian expression vector designated pSV2-EP was reconstructed by inserting an oligonucleotide fragment into pSV2-dhfr. This vector allowed insertion of cDNAs with EcoRI cohesive ends. The pSV2-EP contains a simian virus 40 (SV40) early promoter, origin for DNA replication, SV40 poly-A site, splicing site, an initiator ATG downstream from the promoter and an EcoRI site for the insertion of cDNA fragment screened from Àgt11 expression libraries. A recombinant plasmid (pSVRS-1) was constructed by inserting RSD-1, a cDNA encoding a rabbit sperm tail protein, into the EcoRI site of the pSV2-EP vector. Chinese hamster ovarian (CHO) dhfr-negative cells were contransformed with pSV2-dhfr and pSVRS-1 by the calcium phosphate method. In selective culture medium without thymidine and hypoxanthine, several cell lines were obtained containing mRNA and DNA that hybridized with RSD-1. One of these transformed cell lines stained intensely with anti-rSMP-B antibodies, demonstrating that the RSD-1 was expressed in the transformed CHO cells.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1080310103
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Activin A-induced diffrentiation in K562 cells is associated with a transient hypophosphorylation of RB protein and the concomitant block of cell cycle at G1 phase (1992)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 50 (1992), S. 255-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: prolongation of G1 ; activin A ; RB protein ; cell cycle ; differentiation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: The human erythroleukemic cell line, K562, can be induced to differentiate by the addition of activin A, a newly purified protein belonging to the TGF-β1 family. The present studies used flow cytometric cell cycle analysis, indirect immunofluorescence staining of the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and thymidine incorporation assay of cell proliferation to study the effects of activin A on the cell cycle during differentiation in K652 cells. Activin phase. The latter can be observed after approximately 24 hr of incubation with activin A and then disappears after this early stage of induction of differentiation. Cell cycle kinetics analysis using synchronized K562 cells also confirms that in the presence of activin A, K562 cells progress normally through various phases of cell, except that there is prolongation of the G1 phase between 10 to 24 hr of culture. Furthermore, this transient arrest in G1 is correlated with dephosphorylation of a nucleoprotein, the RB gene product, which occurs within 9-24 hr of incubation with activin A; and phosphorylation of RB protein then develops afterward. In addition, these cell cycle-related events are observed to occur earlier than the accumulation of hemoglobins in K562 cells. It is concluded that transient dephosphorylation of RB protein and prolongation of G1 phase of cell cycle precede and accompany erythroid differentiation caused by activin A and chemical inducers, thus constituting part of the mechanism for induction of differentiation in the erythroleukemia cells. © 1992 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240500306
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of bile salts on oxygen consumption, oxidative phosphorylation and ATP-ase activity of mucosal homogenates from rat Jejunum and IleumThis investigation was supported by grant AM-07998 from the National Institute of Arthritis and Metabolic Diseases, United States Public Health Service. (1966)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 67 (1966), S. 149-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The conjugated bile salts, sodium taurocholate and glycocholate, inhibited oxygen consumption and uncoupled oxidative phosphorylation of mucosal homogenates from rat jejunum and ileum. These bile salts also were capable of increasing the ATP-ase activity, in the presence of Na+ + K+ with Mg++, of both mucosal homogenates. Consequently, it was concluded from the results of this investigation that the previously observed decrease in ATP levels of rat jejunum and ileum, in the presence of bile salts, can be accounted for by both a complete uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation and by an increase in ATP-ase activity. Furthermore, the mechanism of bile salt inhibition of tissue ATP levels was discussed in relation to a regulatory role played by bile salts in the active transport of water soluble substances across the small intestine.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1040670117
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