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  • Articles  (27)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (20)
  • Life and Medical Sciences  (20)
  • polygalacturonase  (7)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of pectolytic enzymes on tomato polyuronides in vivo and in vitro
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 26 (1987), S. 3137-3139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Solanaceae ; pectinesterase. ; polygalacturonase ; polyuronide ; tomato
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031-9422(00)82457-7
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyuronide solubilization during ripening of normal and mutant tomato fruit
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 26 (1987), S. 1871-1875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Solanaceae ; mutants. ; polygalacturonase ; polyuronide ; tomato
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031-9422(00)81719-7
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Down-regulation of two non-homologous endogenous tomato genes with a single chimaeric sense gene construct (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: down-regulation ; gene expression ; polygalacturonase ; pectinesterase ; chimaeric sense gene ; transgenic ; co-suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Ailsa Craig) were transformed with a gene construct having 244 bp of the 5′ end of a polygalacturonase (PG) cDNA, coding for a 71 amino acid N-terminal extension to the mature protein, fused to 1320 bp of a pectinesterase (PE) cDNA encoding the full sequence of the mature PE protein. This chimaeric gene was inserted in a sense orientation between a CaMV 35S promoter and terminator for constitutive expression. In transformed tomato plants expression of the endogenous PG and PE genes in the fruit was inhibited; there was little or no observable PG and PE mRNA and a substantial reduction in the level of PG and PE enzyme activity. The transgene was expressed in the leaves of the transformed plants as demonstrated by the accumulation of mRNA, but no protein product could be identified. However, no transgene mRNA or protein were observed in the transgenic fruit. This paper represents the first report of the down-regulation of two non-homologous endogenous genes using a single gene construct. A sense gene construct was responsible for these effects. These findings are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of action of co-suppression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021414
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control and manipulation of gene expression during tomato fruit ripening (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 303-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: fruit ripening ; tomatoes ; polygalacturonase ; antisense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ripening is a complex developmental process involving changes in the biochemistry, physiology and gene expression of the fruit. It is an active process characterised by changes in all cellular compartments. cDNA cloning has been used as an approach to analyse changes in gene expression during fruit ripening. This has revealed that several genes are switched on specifically during fruit ripening, including one encoding polygalacturonase (PG), a major cell wall protein. These cDNA clones have been used to study the expression of the genes in normal and ripening mutant fruits, and under environmental stress conditions. The PG gene has been isolated and it has been demonstrated that 1450 bases 5′ of the coding region are sufficient for the tissue- and development-specific expression of a bacterial marker gene in transgenic tomatoes. Antisense RNA techniques have been developed to generate novel mutant tomatoes in which the biochemical function of this enzyme and its involvement in fruit softening has been tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025318
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance and effect on ripening of antisense polygalacturonase genes in transgenic tomatoes (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 14 (1990), S. 369-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: antisense ; polygalacturonase ; ripening ; RNA ; tomatoes ; transgenic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The role of the cell wall hydrolase polygalacturonase (PG) during fruit ripening was investigated using novel mutant tomato lines in which expression of the PG gene has been down regulated by antisense RNA. Tomato plants were transformed with chimaeric genes designed to express anti-PG RNA constitutively. Thirteen transformed lines were obtained of which five were analysed in detail. All contained a single PG antisense gene, the expression of which led to a reduction in PG enzyme activity in ripe fruit to between 5% and 50% that of normal. One line, GR16, showed a reduction to 10% of normal PG activity. The reduction in activity segregated with the PG antisense gene in selfed progeny of GR16. Plants homozygous for the antisense gene showed a reduction of PG enzyme expression of greater than 99%. The PG antisense gene was inherited stably through two generations. In tomato fruit with a residual 1% PG enzyme activity pectin depolymerisation was inhibited, indicating that PG is involved in pectin degradation in vivo. Other ripening parameters, such as ethylene production, lycopene accumulation, polyuronide solubilisation, and invertase activity, together with pectinesterase activity were not affected by the expression of the antisense gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028773
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cloning of a tomato polygalacturonase expressed in abscission (1995)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 28 (1995), S. 647-656 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: abscission ; gene expression ; polygalacturonase ; ethylene ; auxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Abscission, organ separation, is accompanied by cell wall breakdown in separation layer cells. In tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), ethylene-induced abscission is correlated with an increase in polygalacturonase (PG) and endo-β-1,4-D-glucanase (cellulase) activity. We have identified a putative, abscission-specific cDNA clone for PG, pTAPG1. The TAPG1 cDNA has 43% identity at the amino acid level with the tomato fruit PG. Genomic blot analysis suggests that the gene for TAPG1 is a member of a small subfamily of PG genes that is distinct from the tomato fruit PG. The TAPG1 cDNA hybridizes to mRNA expressed during the course of ethylene-induced leaf and flower abscission. A high level of PG transcript accumulation coincides with the occurrence of abscission. Auxin, an abscission inhibitor, and silver thiosulfate, an ethylene action inhibitor, suppressed accumulation of mRNA in leaf abscission zones complementary to the TAPG1 cDNA. Expression of TAPG1 transcripts is several-fold higher in flower abscission zones than in leaf abscission zones. The identification of cDNAs that encode abscission-specific PG provide and additional tool to study the regulation of abscission and cell wall dissolution in separation layer cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021190
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of pectinases and pectin methylesterase cDNAs in pods of green beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 31 (1996), S. 1141-1151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: cell wall ; gene expression ; pectin methylesterase ; Phaseolus vulgaris ; polygalacturonase ; texture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tomato fruit maturation is accompanied by a depolymerization of cell wall pectins which is due to the action of endopolygalacturonase (endoPG) preceded by pectin methylesterase (PE) activity. To investigate the role of endoPG and PE in determining the structure of green bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) pectins, these pectinases were studied during pod development. Early developmental stages displayed low endoPG or exoPG activities while PE activities were measurable during all stages of pod and seed development. These results do not favour a possible synergistic action of PE and PG. For seeds, the relatively high PE activities concurred with relatively low levels of pectin methyl esterification. At a molecular level, one partial chromosomal clone of 210 pb (PE1V), two partial PE cDNA clones of 660 bp (PE2V and PE3V) from cv. verona and one full-length PE cDNA clone of 1990 bp (PE3M), from cv. Masai were isolated. The identity of the CDNA clones was confirmed by expression inEscherichia coli and immunodetection with antibodies directed towards a tomato fruit PE. Transcripts corresponding with the genomic clone PE1V were not detected but both PE2 and PE3 cDNAs corresponded with mRNAs 1.8 kb in length. In contrast to PE2, PE3 gene expression levels varied significantly in pods from different cultivars suggesting an involvement in determining pod morphology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00040831
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibitory control of regeneration in nemertean wormsThesis submitted to the Department of Zoology of the University of Illinois in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy.This work was supported by a National Science Foundation Grant (NSF-G5542) administered by Dr. S. Meryl Rose. (1959)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 105 (1959), S. 569-599 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Additional Material: 5 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051050307
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The digging behavior and skin differentiations in Heterocephalus glaber (1981)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 168 (1981), S. 51-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The topography and histology of the skin of the naked mole (Heterocephalus glaber) have been correlated with its behavior. The integument is exceptionally loose, thereby reducing integumentary stresses when the animal is digging and moving in narrow tunnels. It also allows the position of the nasolabial sensory patch to change. This patch is exposed to mechanical stimuli when Heterocephalus moves along the tunnel, but becomes partially shielded by a transient buccal evagination, the formation and function of which are here described. Most of the differentiated patches of the skin lie in the cranial and anogenital regions. The eyes are microphthalmic and nearly completely closed by the nonmobile eyelids; there is no pinna, hair-coat or sweat glands.The epidermis is of variable thickness; in some places it has only one layer of cells. The detached epidermal cells penetrate the dermis irregularly.The epidermis of Heterocephalus is specialized by modifications of its germinative stratum, equivalent to an epidermosis, the syndrome of which consists of reduction of all types of epidermal buddings - pilogenetic and adenogenetic - as well as those which have a mechanical significance.
    Additional Material: 45 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051680107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tension in the culture dish: Microfilament organization and migratory behavior of quail neural crest cells (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 5 (1985), S. 225-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: neural crest ; migratory behavior ; microfilaments ; stress fibers ; tractional force ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: We have investigated one aspect of the migratory behavior of quail neural crest (NC) cells by comparing the organization of microfilament bundles and the ability to distort migratory substrata by NC, somite, and notochord cells in vitro. In contrast to the numerous cytoplasmic stress fibers in somite-derived fibroblasts and notochord cells revealed by rhodamine-phalloidin staining and thin-section electron microscopy, microfilaments in NC cells are restricted to the cell cortex. To test the relative degrees of tension generated by these cell types on the underlying substratum, cells were cultured in collagen gels and on distortable silicone rubber sheets. Explanted somites and notochords produced dramatic radial alignment of 750 μg/ml collagen gels, whereas neural crest cells only aligned gels of lower concentrations. Fibroblasts did not migrate individually from explanted somites and notochords into 250 μg/ml collagen gels as readily as into higher concentration collagen lattices. In contrast, neural crest cells migrated into matrices of low concentration as well as into higher concentration collagen gels. Neural crest cells and their pigmented derivatives did not distort silicone rubber sheets, whereas somite and notochord-derived fibroblasts wrinkle this substratum after 4 days in culture. Thus, the differences in organization of the actin cytoskeleton reflect the tractional force exerted by these cells on their substratum. We hypothesize that the migratory behavior of NC cells in vivo may be related to their ability to translocate through embryonic extracellular matrices while generating relatively weak adhesions with the substratum, whereas the stronger forces generated by other embryonic cell types upon the delicate extracellular matrix may restrict their migration and may be associated with other morphogenetic events.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970050305
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