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  • Articles  (41)
  • Cell & Developmental Biology  (20)
  • Condensed Matter: Electronic Properties, etc.  (7)
  • Polygalacturonase  (7)
  • polygalacturonase  (7)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effects of pectolytic enzymes on tomato polyuronides in vivo and in vitro
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 26 (1987), S. 3137-3139 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Solanaceae ; pectinesterase. ; polygalacturonase ; polyuronide ; tomato
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031-9422(00)82457-7
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polyuronide solubilization during ripening of normal and mutant tomato fruit
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Phytochemistry 26 (1987), S. 1871-1875 
    Details
    ISSN: 0031-9422
    Keywords: Lycopersicon esculentum ; Solanaceae ; mutants. ; polygalacturonase ; polyuronide ; tomato
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0031-9422(00)81719-7
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of chimeric transgene architecture on co-ordinated gene silencing (1998)
    Springer
    Planta 204 (1998), S. 499-505 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Key words: Chromoplast ; Gene silencing ; Phytoene synthase ; Polygalacturonase ; Lycopersicon ; Transgene architecture
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Two gene constructs were made consisting of a 244-bp sense fragment from the 5′ end of a polygalacturonase cDNA, the 3′ end of which was ligated to a 414-bp fragment from the 5′ end of a phytoene synthase cDNA. In the first construct, the phytoene synthase fragment was in a sense orientation (sense/sense chimeric gene) and in the second construct the phytoene synthase fragment was in an antisense orientation (sense/antisense chimeric gene). Both chimeric genes were inserted between a cauliflower mosaic virus promoter and terminator. Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Ailsa Craig) plants transformed with each construct gave rise to transformants with three distinct phenotypes: plants with red fruit, plants with pure yellow fruit and plants with red and yellow sectored fruit. For both chimeric constructs, expression of the endogenous polygalacturonase and phytoene synthase genes were found to be co-ordinately suppressed in yellow tissue, but showed normal expression in red tissue. Data from microscopic analyses of fruit chromoplasts, from the three phenotypes, implied that phytoene synthase suppression from each construct predominantly had two states within a cell: on or off.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004250050284
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of polygalacturonase during tomato fruit ripening (1982)
    Springer
    Planta 155 (1982), S. 64-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Lycopersicon ; Mutant (tomato) ; Polygalacturonase ; Ripening (fruit)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The cell wall degrading enzyme polygalacturonase (E.C. 3.2.1.15) is not detectable in green tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Activity appears at the onset of ripening and in ripe fruit it is one of the major cell-wall-bound proteins. Radioimmunoassay results, employing an antibody against purified polygalacturonase, suggest that during ripening the enzyme is synthesised de novo. Radioimmunoassay data also show that the low level of polygalacturonase in “Never ripe” mutants and the lack of activity in “ripening inhibitor” mutants can be correlated to the levels of immunologically detectable polygalacturonase protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402933
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Timing of ethylene and polygalacturonase synthesis in relation to the control of tomato fruit ripening (1983)
    Springer
    Planta 157 (1983), S. 174-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ethylene and fruit ripening ; Fruit ripening ; Lycopersicon (C2H4 and ripening) ; Polygalacturonase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A critical role in the initiation of ripening has been proposed for pectolytic enzymes which are known to be involved in fruit softening. The hypothesis that tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) ripening is controlled by the initial synthesis of the cell-wall-degrading enzyme polygalacturonase (EC 3.2.1.15), which subsequently liberates cell-wall-bound enzymes responsible for the initiation of ethylene synthesis and other ripening events, has been examined. A study of kinetics of ethylene evolution and polygalacturonase synthesis by individual fruits in a ripening series, employing an immunological method and protein purification to identify and measure polygalacturonase synthesis, showed that ethylene evolution preceded polygalacturonase synthesis by 20h. Exogenous ethylene stimulated the synthesis of polygalacturonase and other ripening events, when applied to mature green fruit, whereas the maintenance of fruits in a low ethylene environment delayed ripening and polygalacturonase synthesis. It is concluded that enhanced natural ethylene synthesis occurs prior to polygalacturonase production and that ethylene is responsible for triggering polygalacturonase synthesis indirectly. Possible mechanisms for ethylene action are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393652
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The appearance of polygalacturonase mRNA in tomatoes: one of a series of changes in gene expression during development and ripening (1985)
    Springer
    Planta 163 (1985), S. 263-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Fruit ripening ; Lycopersicon (fruit ripening) ; mRNA (tomato ripening) ; Polygalacturonase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tomato mRNA was extracted from individual fruits at different stages of development and ripening, translated in a rabbit reticulocyte lysate and the protein products analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The results indicate that there are at least two classes of mRNA under separate developmental control. One group of approximately six mRNAs is present during fruit growth and then declines at the mature-green stage. Another group of between four and eight mRNAs increases substantially in amount at the onset of ripening, after the start of enhanced ethylene synthesis by the fruit, and continues to accumulate as ripening progresses. Studies of protein synthesis in vivo show that several new proteins are synthesised by ripening fruits including the fruit-softening enzyme polygalacturonase. One of the ripening-related mRNAs is shown to code for polygalacturonase, by immunoprecipitation with serum from rabbits immunised against the purified tomato enzyme. Polygalacturonase mRNA is not detectable in green fruit but accumulates during ripening. It is proposed that the ripening-related mRNAs are the products of a group of genes that code for enzymes important in the ripening process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00393517
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular characterization of a tomato polygalacturonase gene abundantly expressed in the upper third of pistils from opened and unopened flowers (2000)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 19 (2000), S. 680-683 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key words Pistil ; Polygalacturonase ; Tomato ; Gene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  A polygalacturonase (PG) gene, TPG7 (Lyces;Pga1;8), has been cloned from tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill., cv. Rutgers). RNA blot analysis reveals that TPG7 is highly expressed in pistils (ovary removed) from unopened and fully open flowers. Dissection of mature pistils demonstrated that TPG7 expression is limited to the top third (stigmatic region) of the pistils. This is contrasted with another tomato PG, TAPG4, which is also expressed in the same region of the pistil but only in mature pistils from fully open flowers. Hybridization of the TPG7 probe to anther RNA was nil to none and was barely detectable in RNA from leaf and flower abscission zones. The TPG7 polypeptide shares 39% sequence identity with the tomato fruit PG and between 63% and 73% sequence identities with six other tomato PGs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002999900175
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Down-regulation of two non-homologous endogenous tomato genes with a single chimaeric sense gene construct (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 23 (1993), S. 1-9 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: down-regulation ; gene expression ; polygalacturonase ; pectinesterase ; chimaeric sense gene ; transgenic ; co-suppression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. Ailsa Craig) were transformed with a gene construct having 244 bp of the 5′ end of a polygalacturonase (PG) cDNA, coding for a 71 amino acid N-terminal extension to the mature protein, fused to 1320 bp of a pectinesterase (PE) cDNA encoding the full sequence of the mature PE protein. This chimaeric gene was inserted in a sense orientation between a CaMV 35S promoter and terminator for constitutive expression. In transformed tomato plants expression of the endogenous PG and PE genes in the fruit was inhibited; there was little or no observable PG and PE mRNA and a substantial reduction in the level of PG and PE enzyme activity. The transgene was expressed in the leaves of the transformed plants as demonstrated by the accumulation of mRNA, but no protein product could be identified. However, no transgene mRNA or protein were observed in the transgenic fruit. This paper represents the first report of the down-regulation of two non-homologous endogenous genes using a single gene construct. A sense gene construct was responsible for these effects. These findings are discussed in relation to possible mechanisms of action of co-suppression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00021414
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Control and manipulation of gene expression during tomato fruit ripening (1989)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 13 (1989), S. 303-311 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: fruit ripening ; tomatoes ; polygalacturonase ; antisense
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Ripening is a complex developmental process involving changes in the biochemistry, physiology and gene expression of the fruit. It is an active process characterised by changes in all cellular compartments. cDNA cloning has been used as an approach to analyse changes in gene expression during fruit ripening. This has revealed that several genes are switched on specifically during fruit ripening, including one encoding polygalacturonase (PG), a major cell wall protein. These cDNA clones have been used to study the expression of the genes in normal and ripening mutant fruits, and under environmental stress conditions. The PG gene has been isolated and it has been demonstrated that 1450 bases 5′ of the coding region are sufficient for the tissue- and development-specific expression of a bacterial marker gene in transgenic tomatoes. Antisense RNA techniques have been developed to generate novel mutant tomatoes in which the biochemical function of this enzyme and its involvement in fruit softening has been tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00025318
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inheritance and effect on ripening of antisense polygalacturonase genes in transgenic tomatoes (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 14 (1990), S. 369-379 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: antisense ; polygalacturonase ; ripening ; RNA ; tomatoes ; transgenic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The role of the cell wall hydrolase polygalacturonase (PG) during fruit ripening was investigated using novel mutant tomato lines in which expression of the PG gene has been down regulated by antisense RNA. Tomato plants were transformed with chimaeric genes designed to express anti-PG RNA constitutively. Thirteen transformed lines were obtained of which five were analysed in detail. All contained a single PG antisense gene, the expression of which led to a reduction in PG enzyme activity in ripe fruit to between 5% and 50% that of normal. One line, GR16, showed a reduction to 10% of normal PG activity. The reduction in activity segregated with the PG antisense gene in selfed progeny of GR16. Plants homozygous for the antisense gene showed a reduction of PG enzyme expression of greater than 99%. The PG antisense gene was inherited stably through two generations. In tomato fruit with a residual 1% PG enzyme activity pectin depolymerisation was inhibited, indicating that PG is involved in pectin degradation in vivo. Other ripening parameters, such as ethylene production, lycopene accumulation, polyuronide solubilisation, and invertase activity, together with pectinesterase activity were not affected by the expression of the antisense gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028773
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