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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of the cereal sensory system and ventral nerve cord of Grylloblatta (1981)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 217 (1981), S. 177-188 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Notoptera ; Grylloblatta ; Cerci ; Neural ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The structure of cereal sensilla, the cereal nerve and the central projections of the cereal sensory nerve of a notopteran (Grylloblatta sp.) are described and compared with other orthopteroid insects in which the cereal sensory system and central connections are well known. The cereal sensilla are similar to those of gryllids and blattids, but the gross structure of the cerci and distribution of cereal sensilla more closely resemble those of the Thysanura. The elements of the cereal sensory nerves and the central nervous system are similar to those of other orthopteroid insects, but extracellular material is present in greater quantity, and more extensive glial bundling of axons occurs in both the cereal nerve and central connectives. Glial structure, extracellular material and large multicristate mitochondria may be adaptations to life near 0° C. The form of central projections of the cereal nerve and the configuration of the largest abdominal interneurons are unlike those of gryllids and Dictyoptera; they are similar to those of Dermaptera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233836
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the larval and adult brains of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus plexippus, L. (1968)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 126 (1968), S. 67-93 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Cell population and neuropile morphology of larval and adult brains of the monarch butterfly, Danaus plexippus plexippus, L., are compared. The larval brain is in continuous transition, the processes of adult brain development being underway from the earliest larval stages. It is characterized by a less diverse population of cells and more homogenous fiber areas than those of the adult. Neuroblasts, which divide to form the neurones of the adult brain, occur either in discrete proliferation centers or scattered among the larval ganglion cells. The larval brain contains, in addition to small homogeneous antennal centers and a distinct larval optic center, rapidly developing adult optic centers, corpora pedunculata, and protocerebral bridge. The larval brain lacks a central body. Major differences between larval and adult brains are clearly related to the increased dependence of the adult upon sensory input from the eyes and antennae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051260105
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The projection of neuroendocrine fibers (NCC I and II) in the brains of three orthopteroid insects (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 165 (1980), S. 285-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Neuronal projections from neuroendocrine tracts (nervi corpori cordiaci I and II) in the brains of the locust (Schistocerca vaga), cricket (Acheta domesticus), and cockroach (Periplaneta americana) were studied using reconstructions of silver-intensified cobalt chloride preparations. Collaterals from the NCC I in these species branch extensively in the dorsal protocerebral neuropile, anterior to the stalk of the corpora pedunculata and ventral to its calyces. Other fibers project from the NCC I bilaterally into the medial protocerebral neuropile, anterior to the central body, and posterior to the beta lobes. NCC II collaterals arborize in the medial, dorsal, and lateral protocerebral neuropile, their region of projection partially overlapping with that of the NCC I. Several NCC II fibers terminate in the superior arch of the central body in Acheta but not in the other two species. Tritocerebral cells filled through the NCC I branch in the medial tritocerebral neuropile in all three species, but most extensively in Schistocerca. No NCC fibers were seen to penetrate any part of the corpora pedunculata, protocerebral bridge, olfactory glomeruli, ocellar tracts, or optic lobes.These neuronal projections from the NCC I and II lie anterior to regions of branching of second-order ocellar fibers and thus provide no anatomical basis for direct ocellar input to neurosecretory cells, contrary to previous reports for orthopteroid species (Brousse-Gaury, '71a, b). However, interneurons filled from the optic lobes were found to terminate in the same region of dorsal protocerebral neuropile as NCC I and II fibers in Acheta, thus providing a possible pathway for optic input to the cerebral neuroendocrine system.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051650306
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The development of the insect nervous system. I. An analysis of postembryonic growth in the terminal ganglion of Acheta domesticusThis work was supported in part by a grant NB 05137 from the Public Health Service to J.S.E. A.G. received support from a P.H.S. Developmental Biology Training Grant. (1967)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 123 (1967), S. 191-197 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: This study describes the post-embryonic growth of the terminal ganglion in Acheta domesticus in terms of volume and cell number. All measurements were made at the beginning of each instar from hatching until the final moult on animals reared under controlled conditions. The terminal ganglion increases about 40-fold in volume from 2 × 106 μ3 in the first instar to 85 × 106 μ3 in the adult. A double logarithmic plot of ganglion volume against body weight shows that the ganglion volume is a function of body weight to the 0.56 power. Initially the neuropile grows at a greater rate than the cortex; in later stages they increase at the same rate.Increase in cell number was determined from serial sections. The total number of cells, based on corrected nuclear counts, increases from 3,400 to 20,000. There is little or no increase in the number of neurons. There are approximately 2,000 association neurons and 100 motor neurons in all stages. The number of glial cells increase from 1,000 to 17,000. Their multiplication rate appears to be related to the increase in neuron volume.Despite the increase in glial cell number, increase in cell volume is primarily responsible for the increase in total volume of the ganglion.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051230207
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tracheation of abdominal ganglia and cerci in the house cricket Acheta domesticus (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) (1979)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 159 (1979), S. 233-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Patterns of tracheation in the abdominal central nervous system and the cerci of Acheta domesticus are described from whole mounts, and light and electron microscopy.The tracheal supply of the ganglia is derived from ventral longitudinal tracheal trunks which have segmental connections to the spiracels. Each abdominal ganglion is served by a single pair of tracheal trunks, except the terminal ganglion, which has two pairs. Within the ganglia, tracheoles occur principally in association with glia-rich areas of the neuropile. We suggest that the respiratory exchange may be concentrated in the cell bodies of neurons and glia. Each cercus has a tracheal supply in paralle with a large air sac which, it is suggested, serves to lighten the cercus, functions as a resonator for sound reception, or facilitates tidal flow of hemolymph and postecdysial expansion of the cercus. No tracheae run continuously between ganglia or between the terminal ganglion and the cerci, and they do not appear to have a potential role as a contact guidance pathway for cercal nerve growth.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051590206
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neural repair and glial proliferation: Parallels with gliogenesis in insects (1991)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 13 (1991), S. 65-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: There is a growing recognition, stemming from work with both vertebrates and invertebrates, that the capacity for neuronal regeneration is critically dependent on the local microenvironment. That environment is largely created by the non-neuronal elements of the nervous system, the neuroglia. Therefore an understanding of how glial cells respond to injury is crucial to understanding neuronal regeneration. Here we examine the process of repair in a relatively simple nervous system, that of the insect, in which it is possible to define precisely the cellular events of the repair process. This repair is rapid and well organised; it involves the recruitment of blood cells, the division of endogenous glial elements and, possibly, migration from pre-existing glial pools in adjacent ganglia. There are clear parallels between the events of repair and those of normal glial development. It seems likely that the ability of the insect central nervous system to repair resides in the retention of developmental capacities throughout its life and that damage results in the activation of this potential.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950130204
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