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  • Water-use efficiency  (3)
  • Carbon balance  (1)
  • Deserts  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf carbon isotope discrimination and nitrogen content for riparian trees along elevational transects (1997)
    Springer
    Oecologia 109 (1997), S. 362-367 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Key words Stable isotope ; Carbon isotope ratio ; Carbon isotope discrimination ; Riparian ecosystem ; Water-use efficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Leaf carbon isotope discrimination (Δ), seasonal estimates of the leaf-to-air water vapor gradient on a molar basis (ω), and leaf nitrogen contents were examined in three riparian tree species (Populus fremontii, P. angustifolia, and Salix exigua) along elevational transects in northern and southern Utah USA (1500–2670 m and 600–1820 m elevational gradients, respectively). The ω values decreased with elevation for all species along transects. Plants growing at higher elevations exhibited lower Δ values than plants at lower elevations (P. fremontii, 22.9‰ and 19.5‰, respectively; P. angustifolia, 23.2‰ and 19.2‰, respectively; and S.␣exigua, 21.1‰ and 19.1‰, respectively). Leaf nitrogen content increased with elevation for all species, suggesting that photosynthetic capacity at a given intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was greater at higher elevations. Leaf Δ and nitrogen content values were highly correlated, implying that leaves with higher photosynthetic capacities also had lower intercellular carbon dioxide concentrations. No significant interannual differences were detected in carbon isotope discrimination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004420050094
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf carbon isotope and mineral composition in subtropical plants along an irradiance cline (1986)
    Springer
    Oecologia 70 (1986), S. 520-526 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Water-use efficiency ; Nutrient-use efficiency ; Photosynthesis ; Human impact ; 13C/12C ratios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Leaf carbon isotope ratios and leaf mineral composition (Ca, K, Mg, Mn, N, and P) were measured on the dominant species along an irradiance cline in a subtropical monsoon forest of southern China. This irradiance cline resulted from disturbance caused by fuel-harvesting. Leaf carbon isotope ratios increased from undisturbed to disturbed sites for all species, indicating that leaf intercellular CO2 concentrations decreased and leaf water use efficiencies increased along this cline. Nitrogen and magnesium levels were lower in leaves of species on the disturbed sites, but there were no clear patterns for calcium, potassium, phosphorus or manganese.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00379898
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaf-twig carbon isotope ratio differences in photosynthetic-twig desert shrubs (1987)
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 318-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Stable isotopes ; Intercellular carbon dioxide ; Water-use efficiency ; Desert shrubs
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Carbon isotope ratios were determined for bulk tissues of both leaves and current season twigs of 29 species of Mohave Desert shrubs. Leaf and twig tissues were found to differ in their carbon isotope ratios, only in those species which had photosynthetic twigs. These data suggest that the twigs of these species operate at lower intercellular CO2 values than leaves, an interpretation which is consistent with available gas-exchange data. An effect of microhabitat was also evident between the mean isotope ratios of leaves from wash versus slope habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00377301
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal patterns of canopy development and carbon gain in nineteen warm desert shrub species (1988)
    Springer
    Oecologia 75 (1988), S. 327-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Phenology ; Leaf demography ; Carbon balance ; Water stress ; Twig photosynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Canopy development and photosynthetic rate were measured at monthly intervals over a period of one year in 19 shrub and subshrub species of the Mojave and upper Sonoran Deserts. Thirteen of these species realized a substantial fraction of their total net carbon assimilation via twig photosynthesis. The twig contribution to whole plant yearly carbon gain reached a maximum of 83% in species such as Thamnosma montana, Salizaria mexicana, and Baccharis brachyphylla. This large contribution by twigs was due to both low levels of leaf production and the greater longevity of twig tissues. In some other species, however, leaf and twig organs had similar lifespans. During the year of this study (which had an unusually warm, mild winter), no species showed a pattern of winter deciduousness. The reduction in total photosynthetic area between maximal spring canopy development and mid August summer dormancy ranged from 32 to 94%. Some herbaceous perennial species died back to the ground, but none of the woody shrubs were totally without green canopy area at any time of the year. No species studied were capable of high rates of photosynthesis at low plant water potentials in July and August, but, in those species which maintained a substantial canopy area through the drought period, previously stressed tissues showed substantial recovery after fall rains. Photosynthetic rate was significantly correlated with both plant water potential and tissue nitrogen content over the entire year, but only weakly so. This is due in part to the winter months when plant water potentials and tissue nitrogen contents were high, but photosynthetic rates were often low.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00376933
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A break in the nitrogen cycle in aridlands? Evidence from δp15N of soils (1993)
    Springer
    Oecologia 94 (1993), S. 314-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: δ15N ; Cryptobiotic crusts ; Deserts ; Nitrogen cycling ; Rayleigh distillation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We examined the content and isotopic composition of nitrogen within soils of a juniper woodland and found that a cryptobiotic crust composed of cyanobacteria, lichens, and mosses was the predominant source of nitrogen for this ecosystem. Disturbance of the crust has resulted in considerable spatial variability in soil nitrogen content and isotopic composition; intercanopy soils were significantly depleted in nitrogen and had greater abundance of 15N compared to intra-canopy soils. Variations in the 15N/14N ratio for inter- and intra-canopy locations followed similar Rayleigh distillation curves, indicating that the greater 15N/14N ratios for inter-canopy soils were due to relatively greater net nitrogen loss. Coverage of cryptobiotic crusts has been reduced by anthropogenic activities during the past century, and our results suggest that destruction of the cryptobiotic crust may ultimately result in ecosystem degradation through elimination of the predominant source of nitrogen input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317104
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