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  • Salinity  (6)
  • Biology  (2)
  • 1
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    The percentage determination of Rutilus frisii kutum (200, 500 and 1000 mg) resistance to salinity, turbidity and decrease of oxygen by usage of the river water at the releasing meantime (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The survey effect of salinity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen performed on Rutilus frisii Kutum juveniles with aim, which was determined about survival rate and histological changes in gill and kidney tissues. Juveniles provided from the Rajai's fish propagation center and then examined in Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center laboratory. The juveniles were investigated on three weight group (200-〈400, 400-〈600, 600-〈1000 mg) and two dissolved oxygen levels (7.6 ± 0.19, 3.8 ± 0.15 mg/L)in fresh water and Caspian sea water(12.5 ppt). Also, six turbidity levels (50 FTU, 430FTU, 2600 FTU, 7800 FTU, 15600 FTU) were probed in freshwater during 168hr. Each treatment has three replications. The factorial test evaluated for survival rate in treatments. The results shown that there was a significant difference among treatments in the different levels of factors, (p〈0.05, Duncan test). The juveniles' survival rate has decreased than control treatment in brackish water and turbidity in freshwater. It was demonstrated that with increasing fish weight, therefore, the survival rate is increased. The lowest survival rates under salinity stress (〉75%) had shown in 400-〈600mg weight group with dissolve oxygen: 3.8±0.15SE mg/l. In addition, the lowest survival rates under turbidity stress (95.83%) had shown that in weight group less than 400 mg with turbidity 15600 FTU. Therefore, survival of juveniles was high. However, gill tissue of juveniles under turbidity and salinity stress became short (necrosis) and thick (edema and hyperplasia) in the end of experiments. The juveniles gill tissues were not changes in the river clear freshwater. Therefore, the factors of gill tissue deformation were salinity and suspended particles in the water. However, the structures of kidney in the different groups of juveniles were similar. Nevertheless, juveniles glomerular diameter increased with increasing weight (p〈0.05, Duncan test). Furthermore, there was a increasing the internal cavity of the proximal and distal tubules and decreasing of glomeruli in diameter in the transfer of juveniles from freshwater to brackish water. Although the survival rate of juveniles is acceptable in this study, but there was abnormal changes in the structure of them gills. It appears that this change will cause a disruption in trend of juvenile's growth.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Ecology ; Rutilus frisii Kutum ; Juvenile ; Salinity ; Turbidity ; Oxygen ; Survey ; Survival rate ; Gill tissue ; Freshwater ; Brackishwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 71pp.
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  • 2
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    Stimulation of osmoregulation system and comparison growth performance of Rutilus Kutum (less than a gram) with using salty diet at freshwater (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: In this research was used sodium chloride in feed supplement to stimulate ion- osmotic regulation system of Rutilus Kutum juveniles (about one gram) in fresh water environment.The purpose of this experiment was to improve survival and growth ability of juveniles’ fish in brackish water during times of transition. The initial average weightes of Juveniles’ fish were 0.91±0.01 g (mean±SE). Experiments carried out in two phases. In step one, the Juveniles’ fish were kept for 15 days in fresh water and fed with commercial diet plus NaCl supplement (control without NaCl supplement, 5, 7 and 10 percent) in four treatments, each treatment inclusive three replication. In the second step, the fish transferred to brackish water (12.5 psu) and fed for 28 days with a commercial diet (without NaCl supplement). The results showed that no change compared to control treatment in renal tissue in step one. The difference between the kidneys were not in fish fed with NaCl supplement and without it. Nevertheless, a significant difference was observed between the size of the glomeruli and renal tubules between fresh and brackish water environments (between stage one and two), (P〈0.05). In step one, were observed in the gill accessory cells in treatments fed salt supplements. At the end of the second step, the number of gill chloride cells in fish fed with salt supplementation was more than control (P〈0.05). In addition, the highest and lowest weight gain was obtained in treatment two and four respectively (P〈0.05), and no significant difference was observed between control and treatment 3 (P〉0.05). The results showed that the fish fed dietary supplements of sodium chloride 10% versus the control treatment had less weight gain. Therefore, the was obtained the highest weight gain and growth performance (condition factor, specific growth rate) and the highest feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio and the lowest feed conversion ratio in treatment 2 with the feeding of 5% NaCl in dietary supplements.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Rutilus Kutum ; Juvenile ; Salinity ; Turbidity ; Growth ; Gill ; Kidney
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 56pp.
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  • 3
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    The percentage determination of Rutilus frisii kutum (200, 500 and 1000 mg) resistance to salinity, turbidity and decrease of oxygen by usage of the river water at the releasing meantime (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25442 | 18721 | 2018-09-25 11:07:11 | 25442 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: The survey effect of salinity, turbidity and dissolved oxygen performed on Rutilus frisii Kutum juveniles with aim, which was determined about survival rate and histological changes in gill and kidney tissues. Juveniles provided from the Rajai's fish propagation center and then examined in Caspian Sea Ecology Research Center laboratory. The juveniles were investigated on three weight group (200-〈400, 400-〈600, 600-〈1000 mg) and two dissolved oxygen levels (7.6 ± 0.19, 3.8 ± 0.15 mg/L)in fresh water and Caspian sea water(12.5 ppt). Also, six turbidity levels (50 FTU, 430FTU, 2600 FTU, 7800 FTU, 15600 FTU) were probed in freshwater during 168hr. Each treatment has three replications. The factorial test evaluated for survival rate in treatments. The results shown that there was a significant difference among treatments in the different levels of factors, (p〈0.05, Duncan test). The juveniles' survival rate has decreased than control treatment in brackish water and turbidity in freshwater. It was demonstrated that with increasing fish weight, therefore, the survival rate is increased. The lowest survival rates under salinity stress (〉75%) had shown in 400-〈600mg weight group with dissolve oxygen: 3.8±0.15SE mg/l. In addition, the lowest survival rates under turbidity stress (95.83%) had shown that in weight group less than 400 mg with turbidity 15600 FTU. Therefore, survival of juveniles was high. However, gill tissue of juveniles under turbidity and salinity stress became short (necrosis) and thick (edema and hyperplasia) in the end of experiments. The juveniles gill tissues were not changes in the river clear freshwater. Therefore, the factors of gill tissue deformation were salinity and suspended particles in the water. However, the structures of kidney in the different groups of juveniles were similar. Nevertheless, juveniles glomerular diameter increased with increasing weight (p〈0.05, Duncan test). Furthermore, there was a increasing the internal cavity of the proximal and distal tubules and decreasing of glomeruli in diameter in the transfer of juveniles from freshwater to brackish water. Although the survival rate of juveniles is acceptable in this study, but there was abnormal changes in the structure of them gills. It appears that this change will cause a disruption in trend of juvenile's growth.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Rutilus frisii Kutum ; Juvenile ; Salinity ; Turbidity ; Oxygen ; Survey ; Survival rate ; Gill tissue ; Freshwater ; Brackishwater
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 71
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  • 4
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    Study on environmental of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) ponds culture with brackish water of Caspian Sea (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25828 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 10:19:08 | 25828 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Different studies on Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) has performed in Iran, but less noted in water quality conditions. Water quality, in addition to creating optimal environment for the growth of vannamei shrimp, as well as cause the live food production and improve economic performance are produced. This study was conducted to evaluate the water quality environment vannamei shrimp in the south of Caspian Sea (Mazandaran province) and in the Caspian Ecology Research Center. The results showed that the enrichment of water out of the ponds, can provide favorable conditions for water quality in the culture of vannamei shrimp with different densities. As a result, Mazandaran province environmental conditions (particularly temperature and salinity of the Caspian Sea) has perfectly suited for optimal growth vannamei shrimp. Therefore, vannamei shrimp (PL12) achieved a final individual weight of 21.1gr in a period culture of 85-day with a density of 35 ind/m^2. Also, The nutrients and water quality parameters (Temperature: 27.4±1.79 ° C, Transparency: 10.7±1.2 cm, Salinity: 10.57±0.78 psu, pH: 8.42±0.38, Dissolved Oxygen 8.04±1.35 mg per liter) were within normal limits during the culture period.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Environment ; Iran ; Caspian Sea ; Mazandaran Province ; Whiteleg shrimp ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Salinity ; Physicochemical ; Shrimp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 40
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  • 5
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    Peptone production from marine and culture wastes by commercial enzymes for bacterial culture media (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25648 | 18721 | 2018-10-08 07:22:08 | 25648 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: Thirty to 40% of total fish catch is converted to waste. Using different methods of hydrolysis of the protein can be recovered of fish waste and increase the amount of protein efficiency. In this study, the four enzymes Alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin were used for hydrolysis of four fish species including common carp (Cyprinus carpio), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and the Big head (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis). The effects of pH, temperature and hydrolysis time on the rate of hydrolysis were studied on soluble proteins and degree of hydrolysis (phase I). In the second step, proximate factors of peptone been evaluated and eventually replace commercial peptone media MRS (Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus delberuki, Lactobacillus casei, Streptococcus thermophilus) and TSB (Listeria monocytogenes, two species of Bacillus and Pseudomonas, Streptococcus faecium) and the optical density of bacteria at different times were compared with control samples. Results showed that the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble proteins were referred to alcalase and protamex, pepsin and trypsin respectively. The highest value of hydrolysis, in all treatments, was attributed to grass carp and silver carp, common carp and big head respectively. The best pH and temperature for alcalase, protamex, pepsin and trypsin 8.5and 55, 7.5 and 55, 3.5, 37, 7 and 37 respectively. Best time to achieve the highest degree of hydrolysis and soluble protein was 90 minutes. Qualitative analysis showed that the highest and lowest amounts of protein and fat in the treatment of alcalase (about 70 % protein and less than 0.5 % fat) and protamex, pepsin and trypsin was then. The results of bacteria culture showed that the highest percentage growth of lactic acid bacteria was referred to Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus casei had the lowest rate of growth. In other bacteria, Pseudomonas and Bacillus species were the highest percentage of growth and Listeria monocytogenes and Streptococcus faecium respectively. In all treatments, alcalase had the best results and the peptone prepared from fish waste grass carp had the best condition for growth of used bacteria. It seems that the initial substrate , the parameters used such as temperature, pH, and enzyme hydrolysis time , have a significant effect on the quality of peptone and protein content in the final product is determined value of protein for culture of bacteria.
    Keywords: Biology ; Iran ; Warm water ; Protease enzymes ; Bacteria ; Degree of hydrolysis ; Soluble proteins ; Fish waste ; Peptone ; Marine ; Culture ; Alcalase ; Protamex ; Pepsin ; Common carp ; Cyprinus carpio ; Silver Carp ; Hypophthalmichthys molitrix ; Grass carp ; Ctenopharyngodon idella ; Big head ; Hypophthalmichthys nobilis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 92
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  • 6
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    Stimulation of osmoregulation system and comparison growth performance of Rutilus Kutum (less than a gram) with using salty diet at freshwater (2021)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/25799 | 18721 | 2018-10-13 08:36:21 | 25799 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-16
    Description: In this research was used sodium chloride in feed supplement to stimulate ion- osmotic regulation system of Rutilus Kutum juveniles (about one gram) in fresh water environment.The purpose of this experiment was to improve survival and growth ability of juveniles’ fish in brackish water during times of transition. The initial average weightes of Juveniles’ fish were 0.91±0.01 g (mean±SE). Experiments carried out in two phases. In step one, the Juveniles’ fish were kept for 15 days in fresh water and fed with commercial diet plus NaCl supplement (control without NaCl supplement, 5, 7 and 10 percent) in four treatments, each treatment inclusive three replication. In the second step, the fish transferred to brackish water (12.5 psu) and fed for 28 days with a commercial diet (without NaCl supplement). The results showed that no change compared to control treatment in renal tissue in step one. The difference between the kidneys were not in fish fed with NaCl supplement and without it. Nevertheless, a significant difference was observed between the size of the glomeruli and renal tubules between fresh and brackish water environments (between stage one and two), (P〈0.05). In step one, were observed in the gill accessory cells in treatments fed salt supplements. At the end of the second step, the number of gill chloride cells in fish fed with salt supplementation was more than control (P〈0.05). In addition, the highest and lowest weight gain was obtained in treatment two and four respectively (P〈0.05), and no significant difference was observed between control and treatment 3 (P〉0.05). The results showed that the fish fed dietary supplements of sodium chloride 10% versus the control treatment had less weight gain. Therefore, the was obtained the highest weight gain and growth performance (condition factor, specific growth rate) and the highest feed efficiency and protein efficiency ratio and the lowest feed conversion ratio in treatment 2 with the feeding of 5% NaCl in dietary supplements.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Biology ; Iran ; Rutilus Kutum ; Juvenile ; Salinity ; Turbidity ; Growth ; Gill ; Kidney
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 56
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  • 7
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    Study on environmental of Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) ponds culture with brackish water of Caspian Sea (2018)
    Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute | Tehran, Iran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Different studies on Litopenaeus vannamei (Boone, 1931) has performed in Iran, but less noted in water quality conditions. Water quality, in addition to creating optimal environment for the growth of vannamei shrimp, as well as cause the live food production and improve economic performance are produced. This study was conducted to evaluate the water quality environment vannamei shrimp in the south of Caspian Sea (Mazandaran province) and in the Caspian Ecology Reaserch Center. The results showed that the enrichment of water out of the ponds, can provide favorable conditions for water quality in the culture of vannamei shrimp with different densities.As a result, Mazandaran province environmental conditions (particularly temperature and salinity of the Caspian Sea) has perfectly suited for optimal growth vannamei shrimp. Therefore, vannamei shrimp (PL12) achieved a final individual weight of 21.1gr in a period culture of 85-day with a density of 35 ind/m2. Also, The nutrients and water quality parameters (Temperature: 27.4±1.79 ° C, Transparency: 10.7±1.2 cm, Salinity: 10.57±0.78 psu, pH: 8.42±0.38, Dissolved Oxygen 8.04±1.35 mg per liter) were within normal limits during the cultuer peirod.
    Description: Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Whiteleg shrimp ; Litopenaeus vannamei ; Salinity ; Physicochemical ; Shrimp
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Report , Refereed
    Format: 40pp.
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