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  • 1
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    Variations in eastern North Pacific demersal fish biomass based on the U.S. west coast groundfish bottom trawl survey (2003–2010) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8681 | 403 | 2012-06-07 14:47:05 | 8681 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: In response to declining biomass of Northeast Pacific groundfish in the late 1990s and to improve the scientific basis for management of the fishery, the Northwest FisheriesScience Center standardized and enhanced their annual bottomtrawl survey in 2003. The survey was expanded to include the entire area along the U.S. west coast at depths of 55–1280 m. Coast-wide biomass and species richness significantly decreased during the first eight years (2003–10) of this fishery-independent survey. We observed an overall tendency toward declining biomass for 62 dominant taxa combined (fishery target and nontarget species) andfour of seven subgroups (including cartilaginous fish, flatfishes, shelf rockfishes, and other shelf species),despite increasing or variable biomass trends in individual species. These decreases occurred during a period of reduced catch for groundfish along the shelf and upper slope regions relative to historical rates. We used information from multiple stock assessments to aggregate species into three groups: 1) with strong recruitment, 2) without strong recruitment in 1999, and 3) with unknown recruitment level. For each group, we evaluated whether declining biomass was primarily related to depletion (using year as a proxy) or environmental factors (i.e., variation in the Pacific Decadal Oscillation). According to Akaike’sinformation criterion, changes in aggregate biomass for species with strong recruitment were more closely related to year, whereas those with no strong recruitment were more closely related to climate. The significant decline in biomass for species without strong recruitment confirms thatfactors other than depletion of the exceptional 1999 year class may be responsible for the observed decrease in biomass along the U.S. west coast.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 205-222
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  • 2
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    Spatial and temporal distribution of North Atlantic right whales (Eubalaena glacialis) in Cape Cod Bay, and implications for management (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8831 | 403 | 2012-06-12 17:54:04 | 8831 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: Cape Cod Bay (Massachusetts) is the only known winter and early spring feeding area for concentrations of the endangered North Atlantic right whale (Eubalaena glacialis)population. During January–May, 1998–2002, 167 aerial surveys were conducted (66,466 km of total survey effort), providing a complete representation of the spatiotemporaldistribution of right whales in the bay during winter and spring. A total of 1553 right whales were sighted; some of these sightings were multiple sightings of the same individuals. Right whale distribution and relative abundance patterns were quantified as sightings per unit of effort (SPUE) and partitioned into 103 23-km2 cells and 12 2-week periods. Significant interannual variations in mean SPUE and timing of SPUE maxima were likely due to physically forced changes in available food resources. The area of greatest SPUE expanded and contracted during the season but its center remained in the eastern bay. Most cells with SPUE〉0 were inside the federal critical habitat (CH) and this finding gave evidence of the need for management measures within CH boundaries to reduce anthropogenic mortality from vessel strikes and entanglement. There was significant within-season SPUE variability: low in December−January, increasing to a maximum in late February−early April, and declining to zero in May; and these results provide support for management measures from 1 January
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 270-280
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  • 3
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    Caribbean corals in crisis: record thermal stress, bleaching, and mortality in 2005 (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/11305 | 9 | 2020-10-12 13:47:59 | 11305 | Central Caribbean Marine Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-01
    Description: Background:The rising temperature of the world’s oceans has become a major threat to coral reefs globally as the severityand frequency of mass coral bleaching and mortality events increase. In 2005, high ocean temperatures in the tropicalAtlantic and Caribbean resulted in the most severe bleaching event ever recorded in the basin.Methodology/Principal Findings:Satellite-based tools provided warnings for coral reef managers and scientists, guiding both the timing and location of researchers’ field observations as anomalously warm conditions developed and spread across the greater Caribbean region from June to October 2005. Field surveys of bleaching and mortality exceeded prior efforts in detail and extent, and provided a new standard for documenting the effects of bleaching and for testing nowcast and forecast products. Collaborators from 22 countries undertook the most comprehensive documentation of basin-scale bleaching to date and found that over 80% of corals bleached and over 40% died at many sites. The most severe bleaching coincided with waters nearest a western Atlantic warm pool that was centered off the northern end of the Lesser Antilles.Conclusions/Significance:Thermal stress during the 2005 event exceeded any observed from the Caribbean in the prior 20 years, and regionally-averaged temperatures were the warmest in over 150 years. Comparison of satellite data against field surveys demonstrated a significant predictive relationship between accumulated heat stress (measured using NOAA CoralReef Watch’s Degree Heating Weeks) and bleaching intensity. This severe, widespread bleaching and mortality willundoubtedly have long-term consequences for reef ecosystems and suggests a troubled future for tropical marine ecosystems under a warming climate
    Description: NOAA Coral Reef Conservation Program
    Description: Article Nr: e13969
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Caribbean Sea ; coral reefs ; bleaching ; climate change ; temperature effects ; CCMI
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
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    Format: 1-9
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  • 4
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    Diablo Canyon power plant site ecological study report; January 1, 1979 - June 30, 1980 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game, Marine Resources Region | Avila Beach, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/228 | 8 | 2011-09-29 22:28:04 | 228 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Full-scale field studies at the Diablo Canyon Nuclear Power Plant Site were resumed in early 1979 after a year of reduced effort to provide time for preparation of a final report of pre-operational studies. Since the power plant had not begun operation during this period (January 1,1979 - June 30, 1980), these data will be added to our pre-operational data base.Personnel time was spent at the site conducting intertidaland subtidal surveys, otter counts, conducting a shore survey of the Nereocystis in Diablo Cove, processing algae samples in the laboratory, and compiling the analyzed data.At permanent and random intertidal stations, red abalone numbers remained at very low levels; black abalone densities were higher than previous surveys at some stations.At subtidal stations, giant red sea urchin densities remained at low levels and, conversely, Laminaria and Pterygophora remained at a high level of abundance.Sea otters continued to forage in the study areas, with the highest observed numbers of otters occurring in the spring and summer, and the lowest numbers occurring in the fall and winter. (91pp.)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Biology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 5
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    A quantitative ecological study of selected nearshore marine plants and animals at the Diablo Canyon power plant site: a pre-operational baseline, 1973-1978 (2021)
    California Department of Fish and Game | Long Beach, CA
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/775 | 8 | 2011-09-29 21:37:36 | 775 | California Department of Fish and Game
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-02
    Description: Biologists of the California Department of Fish and Game, under contract with the Pacific Gas and Electric Company, conducted surveys or intertidal and subtidal plants and animals 1n the vicinity of the Diablo Canyon Nuclear PowerPlant for the summer of 1973 through 1978. Abundances of the dominant plants and animals were obtained at random as well as permanent stations in Diablo Cove as well as nearby control areas. A total of 643 permanent and random stations were surveyed, 262 in the intertidal and 381 in the subtidal.Natural as well as man-caused occurrences have resulted in several significant changes in plant and animal abundance in the study areas; these include the arrival of the southern front or the sea otter population in Diablo Cove in 1974; a strong red tide bloom in the fall of 1974; and the release of copper ions from the power plant condenser tubes into Diablo Cove during the summer of 1974.Our intertidal and subtidal random station data have shown a strong decline in giant red sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus franciscanus, densities and the surface canopy kelp, Nereocystis/leutkeana, and a corresponding increase in thesubcanopy kelps, Pterygophora and Laminaria. Seasonal patterns of abundance of foliose red algae at random intertidal stations occurred at all study areas. Several species intertidal and subtidal invertebrates showed increasing or decreasing trends in levels of abundance during the five year study period covered by the report. Some of these changes in abundance may be related tothe natural man-caused impacts mentioned above. (Document has 728 pages)
    Keywords: Ecology ; Biology ; Diablo Canyon power plant ; California ; intertidal survey ; subtidal survey ; giant red sea urchin ; Strongylocentrotus franciscanus ; Nereocystis leutkeana
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 6
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    Avon Park Air Force Range project: distribution and abundance of sensitive wildlife species at Avone Park Force Range (2021)
    Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit , University of Florida | Gainesville, FL
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/1072 | 3 | 2011-09-29 21:11:35 | 1072 | Florida Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-05
    Description: Executive Summary. We surveyed for seven species ofsensitve wildlife (Florida gopher frogs,gopher tortoise, eastern indigo snake, eastern diamondback rattlesnake, Florida mouse, Floridaroundtail muskrat, Sherman's fox squirrel) between October 1996 and May 1998 at Avon ParkAir Force Range (APR). The presence of 87 other species ofamphibians, reptiles, and mammalsalso were detected. Selected species ofbirds were noted, particularly if they were found dead onAPR roads. We recorded nine new county records ofamphibians and reptiles from Polk andHighlands counties, based on range maps presented in Ashton and Ashton (1981, 1985, 1988).We discuss a biogeographic model based on the vertebrates recorded from APR, the Lake WalesRidge, and the low dune region along SR 64 to explain some of the distributional anomaliesassociated with the Bombing Range Ridge and vicinity. (199 page document)
    Description: Research Work Order no. 169
    Keywords: Conservation ; Biology ; Avon Park Air Force Range ; Florida ; species survey ; military bases
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 7
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    A meta-analytic approach to quantifying scientific uncertainty in stock assessments (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/8718 | 403 | 2012-06-07 14:54:13 | 8718 | United States National Marine Fisheries Service
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: Quantifying scientific uncertainty when setting total allowable catch limits for fish stocks is a major challenge, but it is a requirement in the United States since changes to national fisheries legislation. Multiple sources of error are readily identifiable, including estimation error, model specification error, forecast error, and errors associated with the definition and estimation of reference points. Our focus here, however, is to quantify the influence of estimation error and modelspecification error on assessment outcomes. These are fundamental sources of uncertainty in developingscientific advice concerning appropriate catch levels and although a study of these two factors may not be inclusive, it is feasible with available information. For data-rich stock assessments conducted on the U.S. west coast we report approximate coefficients of variation in terminalbiomass estimates from assessments based on inversion of the assessment of the model’s Hessian matrix (i.e., the asymptotic standard error). To summarize variation “among” stock assessments, as a proxy for model specification error, we characterize variation among multiple historicalassessments of the same stock. Results indicate that for 17 groundfish and coastal pelagic species, the mean coefficient of variation of terminal biomass is 18%. In contrast, the coefficient of variation ascribable to model specification error (i.e., pooled among-assessment variation) is 37%. We show that if a precautionary probability of overfishing equal to 0.40 is adopted by managers, and only model specification error is considered, a 9% reduction in the overfishing catch level is indicated.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 217-231
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the thoracic skeleton and muscles of the mosquito, Culiseta inornata (Williston), (Diptera: Culicidae) (1977)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 153 (1977), S. 427-460 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The objectives of this research were to investigate the morphology of the thoracic skeleton and muscles of the mosquito, Culiseta inornata (Williston). The results are presented in 25 text figures and descriptions of each skeletal part and muscle. Undescribed exoskeletal structures are the postmediotergite, intersegmental cleft on the caudal margin of the metapleuron, and the parascutellar process. This process is considered a homologue of the fourth axillary. The acrotergite 2 and subalifer were identified. The prescutum has been called the paratergite by previous authors. The morphological basis for self amputation of legs is described. Undescribed parts of the endoskeleton are: lateral arm of sternal apophysis 1 and its socket on the mesal surface of coxa 1, furcopleural apodeme on sternal apophysis 1, precoxal and postcoxal apodemes arising from the ventral pleural arm, upper and lower laterotergite apodemes on the postnotum, and the pleural and intersegmental apodemes for attachment of halter muscles. Seventy-two muscles are illustrated with their attachments and the origin, insertion, and action of each is described. Ten of the muscles are newly described for the mosquito. There are no muscles inserted on the subalare, second axillary, or third axillary.
    Additional Material: 25 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051530308
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphology of the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.) venom gland and reservoir (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 181 (1984), S. 69-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Hymenopteran venom glands are epidermal glands that have evolved from female accessory reproductive glands. In the honey bee, Apis mellifera L., the venom gland shows many of the fine structural features of primitive glands. A honey bee venom gland is a simple, long, thin, distally bifurcated structure, opening into an ovoid reservoir. Along most of the length of the gland are similar secretory units that have four major components (secretory cells, duct cells, ducts, and end apparatuses), except in the part of the gland proximal to the venom reservoir, where the secretory units resemble those around the venom reservoir. In the latter secretory units a funnel structure occurs between the duct (which is shorter than that of the secretory units of the gland) and the end apparatus. This funnel may be important in protecting the secretory cells around the reservoir from the cytolytic activity of the complex chemical mixture constituting the venom.
    Additional Material: 18 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051810107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphology of the head skeleton and muscles of the mosquito, Culiseta inornata (Williston) (Diptera: Culicidae) (1985)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 183 (1985), S. 51-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The objectives of this research were to investigate the morphology of the head skeleton and muscles of the female mosquito, Culiseta inornata (Williston). The skeletal parts were examined after maceration in KOH. The attachments of muscles were determined by dissection. Observations were made with the aid of a dissecting microscope at 70× and lower. Each skeletal part and muscle is illustrated and described. Conclusions regarding the skeleton are as follows: (1) the clypeal area is composed of an anteclypeus and postclypeus, (2) the suture between the anteclypeus and postclypeus is rigid and cannot function as a hinge, (3) the dorsal wall of the labrum terminates at its union with the anteclypeus, (4) the dorsal and epipharyngeal walls of the labrum are united apically, (5) the gena and postclypeus are not separated by a suture, and (6) the labellum is composed of three segments and the furca, of some authors, is absent. Twenty-five muscles were identified, and the origin, insertion, and action of each is described. The tormo-epipharyngalis muscle is attached anterior to the cibarium and fulcral plates. Its origin is on the clypeal apodeme and the insertion is on the epipharynx. This result confirms earlier reports and disagrees with some recent authors. The maxillary teeth are not designed to draw the fascicle into the tissues, but the cervical and leg muscles accomplish the probing process during feeding on a host. An undescribed muscle of the mandible is reported.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051830105
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