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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (2)
  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (1)
  • Diploidy  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Saccharification, fermentation, and protein recovery from low-temperature AFEX-treated coastal bermudagrass (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 44 (1994), S. 1122-1131 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: cellulase ; protein ; AFEX ; ethanol ; lignocellulose ; HCH-1 model ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Coastal bermudagrass was pretreated by a low-temperature ammonia fiber explosion (AFEX) process, which soaked the grass in liquid ammonia and then explosively released the pressure. Saccharifying enzymes were systematically applied to the AFEX-treated grass corresponding to low, medium, and high loadings of cellulase/hemicellulase (from Trichoderma reesei), cellobiase, glucoamylase, and pectinase. Three-day sugar yields linearly correlated with the logarithm of the cellulase loading. Supplemental enzymes (cellobiase, pectinase) caused upward shifts in the lines. The linearity and upward shifts are consistent with the HCH-1 model of cellulose hydrolysis. The hydrolysis sugars were converted to ethanol using yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). The solid residues were treated with proteases to attempt recovery of valuable proteins. The low-temperature AFEX pretreatment was able o nearly double sugar yields. At the highest cellulase loadings (30 IU/g), the best reducing sugar and ethanol yields were 53% and 44% of the maximum potential, respectively. Protein recovery was, at most, 59% © 1994 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260440914
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Novel biodegradable copolyamides based on adipic acid, isophorone diamine and α-amino acids, 3Part 2, cf.13.. Synthesis, study of properties and evaluation of their biodegradability for food packaging applications (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 221 (1994), S. 67-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Neuartige biologisch abbaubare Copolyamide wurden durch Schmelzkondensation hergestellt. Durch den Einbau von α-Aminosäuren wurden statistische Copolymere erhalten, die zwar erhöhte Glasübergangstemperaturen, aber geringere Zugfestigkeiten und eine geringere alkalische Hydrolysebeständigkeit aufweisen, was aus GPC-Messungen hervorgeht. Die amorphe Struktur dieser neuen Copolyamide wurde durch Röntgenweitwinkelstreuung und Differentialthermoanalyse bestätigt. Durch FT-IR-Spektroskopie wurde das Vorhandensein der Aminosäuresegmente belegt. Diese neuartigen biologisch abbaubaren Copolyamide könnten für sich alleine oder auch als Bestandteil von Composites Anwendung finden, z. B. als Nahtmaterial bei der Fixierung von Implantaten.
    Notes: Novel biodegradable copolyamides were synthesized by melt polycondensation. Statistical copolymers were produced by the incorporation of α-amino acids showing a gradual increase in their Tg but a decrease in their tensile strength followed by higher susceptibility to alkali hydrolysis which was confirmed with GPC measurements. The amorphous nature of these novel copolyamides was confirmed with the aid of wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns and differential thermal analysis. FT-IR spectra of the copolymers confirmed the existence of the amino acid moiety. These novel biodegradable copolyamides are expected to find application either on their own in the fields of food packaging and agriculture (disposable plastics) or as a part of composites, as sutures for fixation of macroscopic implants.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052210107
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New copolyamides based on adipic acid, aliphatic diamines and amino acids: Synthesis, characterization and biodegradability, 5Part 4: cf. ref. 59 (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196 (1995), S. 1129-1151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Novel series of biodegradable copolyamides were synthesized via melt copolymerization. The statistical copolymides were produced by reaction of the salt of adipic acid (AA) and bis(para-aminocyclohexyl)methane (PACM) or isophoronediamine (IPD)/α-amino acids at 250°C. Elemental analyses, density, viscosity, differential thermal analysis (DTA) and gelpermeation chromatography (GPC) measurements and FT-IR spectroscopy were employed for the characterization of these copolyamides. The semicrystalline (AA/PACM/α-amino acids) or amorphous (AA/IPD/α-amino acids) nature of these copolyamides was shown with DTA and wide angle X-ray diffraction patterns. Several methods were used in order to investigate and assess their biodegradability such as alkaline hydrolysis (10% w/v NaOH, 80°C), burial in soil (microbial and bacterial attack) and enzymatic hydrolysis (α-trypsin and α-chymotrypsin). The degradation of the copolyamides was evaluated with the aid of GPC and DTA measurements and correlated to the α-amino acid content. These copolyamides could eventually find applications in the field of food packaging and agriculture (disposable plastics) and medicine (sutures).
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021960414
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  • 4
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    Evolution of pathogenicity and sexual reproduction in eight Candida genomes (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-05-26
    Description: Candida species are the most common cause of opportunistic fungal infection worldwide. Here we report the genome sequences of six Candida species and compare these and related pathogens and non-pathogens. There are significant expansions of cell wall, secreted and transporter gene families in pathogenic species, suggesting adaptations associated with virulence. Large genomic tracts are homozygous in three diploid species, possibly resulting from recent recombination events. Surprisingly, key components of the mating and meiosis pathways are missing from several species. These include major differences at the mating-type loci (MTL); Lodderomyces elongisporus lacks MTL, and components of the a1/2 cell identity determinant were lost in other species, raising questions about how mating and cell types are controlled. Analysis of the CUG leucine-to-serine genetic-code change reveals that 99% of ancestral CUG codons were erased and new ones arose elsewhere. Lastly, we revise the Candida albicans gene catalogue, identifying many new genes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2834264/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2834264/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butler, Geraldine -- Rasmussen, Matthew D -- Lin, Michael F -- Santos, Manuel A S -- Sakthikumar, Sharadha -- Munro, Carol A -- Rheinbay, Esther -- Grabherr, Manfred -- Forche, Anja -- Reedy, Jennifer L -- Agrafioti, Ino -- Arnaud, Martha B -- Bates, Steven -- Brown, Alistair J P -- Brunke, Sascha -- Costanzo, Maria C -- Fitzpatrick, David A -- de Groot, Piet W J -- Harris, David -- Hoyer, Lois L -- Hube, Bernhard -- Klis, Frans M -- Kodira, Chinnappa -- Lennard, Nicola -- Logue, Mary E -- Martin, Ronny -- Neiman, Aaron M -- Nikolaou, Elissavet -- Quail, Michael A -- Quinn, Janet -- Santos, Maria C -- Schmitzberger, Florian F -- Sherlock, Gavin -- Shah, Prachi -- Silverstein, Kevin A T -- Skrzypek, Marek S -- Soll, David -- Staggs, Rodney -- Stansfield, Ian -- Stumpf, Michael P H -- Sudbery, Peter E -- Srikantha, Thyagarajan -- Zeng, Qiandong -- Berman, Judith -- Berriman, Matthew -- Heitman, Joseph -- Gow, Neil A R -- Lorenz, Michael C -- Birren, Bruce W -- Kellis, Manolis -- Cuomo, Christina A -- BB/F00513X/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- BB/F013566/1/Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- G0400284/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- HHSN266200400001C/AO/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI050113/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI075096/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 DE015873/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004037-02/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U54 HG003067-06/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2009 Jun 4;459(7247):657-62. doi: 10.1038/nature08064.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland. geraldine.butler@ucd.ie〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19465905" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Candida/classification/genetics/*pathogenicity/*physiology ; Codon/genetics ; Conserved Sequence ; Diploidy ; *Evolution, Molecular ; Genes, Fungal/genetics ; Genome, Fungal/*genetics ; Meiosis/genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Reproduction/*genetics ; Saccharomyces/classification/genetics ; Virulence/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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