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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-07-17
    Description: The complete genome sequence of Treponema pallidum was determined and shown to be 1,138,006 base pairs containing 1041 predicted coding sequences (open reading frames). Systems for DNA replication, transcription, translation, and repair are intact, but catabolic and biosynthetic activities are minimized. The number of identifiable transporters is small, and no phosphoenolpyruvate:phosphotransferase carbohydrate transporters were found. Potential virulence factors include a family of 12 potential membrane proteins and several putative hemolysins. Comparison of the T. pallidum genome sequence with that of another pathogenic spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, the agent of Lyme disease, identified unique and common genes and substantiates the considerable diversity observed among pathogenic spirochetes.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fraser, C M -- Norris, S J -- Weinstock, G M -- White, O -- Sutton, G G -- Dodson, R -- Gwinn, M -- Hickey, E K -- Clayton, R -- Ketchum, K A -- Sodergren, E -- Hardham, J M -- McLeod, M P -- Salzberg, S -- Peterson, J -- Khalak, H -- Richardson, D -- Howell, J K -- Chidambaram, M -- Utterback, T -- McDonald, L -- Artiach, P -- Bowman, C -- Cotton, M D -- Fujii, C -- Garland, S -- Hatch, B -- Horst, K -- Roberts, K -- Sandusky, M -- Weidman, J -- Smith, H O -- Venter, J C -- AI31068/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jul 17;281(5375):375-88.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Genomic Research, Rockville, MD 20850, USA. tpdb@tigr.org〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9665876" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacterial Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Base Sequence ; Borrelia burgdorferi Group/genetics ; Carrier Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; DNA Repair/genetics ; DNA Replication/genetics ; DNA Restriction Enzymes/genetics ; Energy Metabolism/genetics ; Genes, Bacterial ; Genes, Regulator ; *Genome, Bacterial ; Heat-Shock Response/genetics ; Lipoproteins/genetics ; Membrane Proteins/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Movement ; Open Reading Frames ; Oxygen Consumption/genetics ; Protein Biosynthesis ; Recombination, Genetic ; Replication Origin ; *Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Transcription, Genetic ; Treponema pallidum/*genetics/metabolism/pathogenicity
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Keywords: Triticum ; Aegilops ; Chloroplast DNA ; Cytoplasmic inheritance ; Wheat evolution ; The B genome donor ; Restriction mapping ; Insertions ; Deletions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Restriction endonuclease analysis revealed interspecific and intraspecific variation between the chloroplast DNAs and therefore between the cytoplasms of 14 selected species of Triticum and Aegilops. Eleven distinct chloroplast DNA types were detected, the differences between them residing in the varied combination of a relatively few DNA alterations. The variation was simple enough for chloroplast DNA analysis to be used as a basis for the identification and classification of the Triticum and Aegilops cytoplasms. There was good agreement with the classification based on analysis of the phenotypic effects of the cytoplasm when combined with the T. aestivum nucleus in nuclear-cytoplasmic hybrids (Tsunewaki et al. 1976). There was however no correlation between specific chloroplast DNA alterations and any of the phenotypic effects known to be associated with specific cytoplasms. Although the diploid species examined included all those which have been suggested as possible donors of the cytoplasm and the B genome to T. aestivum, none of the chosen accessions belonged to the same cytoplasmic class as T. aestivum itself, except that of the tetraploid T. dicoccoides. Therefore, none of the diploid accessions analysed was the B genome donor. The analyses did however support several other suggestions which have been made concerning wheat ancestry. Scoring the different chloroplast DNA types according to the rarity of their banding patterns indicated that four of the eleven cytoplasms are of relatively recent origin. The DNA alterations most easily detectable by the limited comparison of the eleven Triticum/Aegilops chloroplast DNA types using only 4 endonucleases were insertions and deletions. These ranged between approximately 50 bp and 1,200 bp in size and most of them were clustered in 2 segments of the large single-copy region of the genome. Only two examples of the loss of restriction endonuclease sites through possible point mutations were observed. No variation was detected in the inverted repeat regions. Several of the deletions and insertions map close to known chloroplast protein genes, and there is also an indication that the more variable regions of the chloroplast genome may contain sequences which have allowed DNA recombination and rearrangement to occur.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Bacillus thuringiensis ; maize ; microprojectile bombardment ; transformation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A synthetic Bt gene encoding a truncated version of the CryIA(b) protein derived from Bacillus thuringiensis was successfully introduced into elite maize using microprojectile bombardment of immature embryos. The method used to initiate and identify transformation events is described. We describe the detailed parameters used for the Biolistics device as well as the plasmids used for the transformations. The plasmids contained the synthetic Bt gene driven by either the 35S CaMV promoter or a combination of two tissue-specific promoters, leaf and pollen, derived from maize. Specific conditions for the culture of Type I callus from immature embryos, the phosphinothricin (PPT) selection protocol, and the regeneration of plants are discussed. T0 and T1 plants were initially identified using the pH-dependent chlorophenol red test and/or the histochemical β-glucuronidase (GUS) assay. PCR and Southern data confirm the presence of the 35S CaMV promoter and the synthetic Bt gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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