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  • NUCLEAR AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS  (20)
  • Atomic and Molecular Physics  (5)
  • Solar Physics  (4)
  • Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance  (4)
  • GEOPHYSICS  (3)
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  • 1
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    Production of H-3 at large momentum in alpha-(C-12) collisions at 2A GeV (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Calculations of the longitudinal and transverse momentum distributions for H-3 production at large momentum in alpha-(C-12) collisions near 2A GeV are compared to experiment. Triton exchange and final-state interactions are shown to represent large corrections to the impulse approximation for proton knockout. A method for calculating interference effects for inelastic fragmentation is discussed. Good agreement with experiment using a phenomenological overlap function for (H-3)-p is found successful in describing H-3 production in pion-induced reactions. Comparisons to momentum distributions obtained through (p, 2p) and (e, ep) reactions on He-4 are made.
    Keywords: NUCLEAR AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
    Type: Physics Letters B (ISSN 0370-2693); 282; 1-2; p. 1-6.
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  • 2
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    Inclusive inelastic scattering of heavy ions in the independent particle model (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: We consider the inclusive inelastic scattering of heavy ions using the Glauber (1959) model and the independent particle approximation. Inclusive inelastic distributions for projectile excitation of the target and total inelastic scattering, where all projectile and target excited states are summed, are discussed using closure. The total inelastic distribution, when integrated, is shown to be equivalent to the absorption cross section, found from applying the optical theorem to the elastic scattering amplitude in the coherent approximation. Calculations are presented for several heavy-ion pairs, using realistic nuclear densities in a large mass number approximation.
    Keywords: NUCLEAR AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
    Type: Journal of Physics G - Nuclear Physics (ISSN 0305-4616); p. 889-901.
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  • 3
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    Shielding from Solar Particle Event Exposures in Deep Space (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-15
    Description: The physical composition and intensities of solar particle event exposures or sensitive astronaut tissues are examined under conditions approximating an astronaut in deep space. Response functions for conversion of particle fluence into dose and dose equivalent averaged over organ tissue, are used to establish significant fluence levels and the expected dose and dose rates of the most important events from past observations. The BRYNTRN transport code is used to evaluate the local environment experienced by sensitive tissues and used to evaluate bioresponse models developed for use in tactical nuclear warfare. The present results will help to the biophysical aspects of such exposure in the assessment of RBE and dose rate effects and their impact on design of protection systems for the astronauts. The use of polymers as shielding material in place of an equal mass of aluminum would prowide a large safety factor without increasing the vehicle mass. This safety factor is sufficient to provide adequate protection if a factor of two larger event than has ever been observed in fact occurs during the mission.
    Keywords: Solar Physics
    Type: Radiation Measurements (ISSN 1350-4487); Volume 30; 361-382
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  • 4
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    Nuclear reaction effects in use of newly recommended quality factor (1991)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The biological risk for energetic ion exposure cannot be reliably estimated exclusive of the target nuclear reaction products produced within the local tissue. A theoretical basis is derived for evaluating target fragment contributions that are evaluated for the newly proposed quality factor.
    Keywords: NUCLEAR AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
    Type: Health Physics (ISSN 0017-9078); 61; 415-419
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  • 5
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    Multiple-scattering effects in quasielastic alpha-He-4 scattering (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A multiple-scattering series for describing the quasielastic peak in nucleus-nucleus collisions is derived using the high-energy optical model. The effects of multiple knockout of target nucleons and internal excitation of the projectile are studied and found to be important for large energy loss and momentum transfers in inclusive alpha-He-4 scattering at 7 GeV/c. An approximate evaluation of higher-order inelastic collision terms is considered for forward-peaked wave functions and is demonstrated to be accurate.
    Keywords: NUCLEAR AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
    Type: Physical Review C - Nuclear Physics, 3rd Series (ISSN 0556-2813); 46; 4; p. 1451-1456.
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  • 6
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    Nucleon interaction data bases for background estimates (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: Nucleon interaction data bases available in the open literature are examined for potential use in a recently developed nucleon transport code. Particular attention is given to secondary particle penetration and the multiple charged ion products. A brief description of the transport algorithm is given.
    Keywords: NUCLEAR AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
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  • 7
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    Evaluation of highly ionizing components in high-energy nucleon radiation fields (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The data and models for nuclear fragment recoil distribution produced by high-energy nuclear events in tissue are reviewed. Results for linear energy transfer distributions in soft tissue are derived, and a simple model is developed for use in radiation studies and risk estimates.
    Keywords: NUCLEAR AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
    Type: Health Physics (ISSN 0017-9078); 57; 717-724
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  • 8
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    Radial Distribution of Electron Spectra from High-Energy Ions (1998)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: The average track model describes the response of physical and biological systems using radial dose distribution as the key physical descriptor. We report on an extension of this model to describe the average distribution of electron spectra as a function of radial distance from an ion. We present calculations of these spectra for ions of identical linear energy transfer (LET), but dissimilar charge and velocity to evaluate the differences in electron spectra from these ions. To illustrate the usefulness of the radial electron spectra for describing effects that are not described by electron dose, we consider the evaluation of the indirect events in microdosimetric distributions for ions. We show that folding our average electron spectra model with experimentally determined frequency distributions for photons or electrons provides a good representation of radial event spectra from high-energy ions in 0.5-2 micrometer sites.
    Keywords: Atomic and Molecular Physics
    Type: Radiat. Environ. Biophys.; Volume 37; 259-265
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  • 9
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    High energy nucleon data bases (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The buildup of 200 MeV secondary protons in an Al shield according to the Bertini (1976) cross sections and Ranft (1980) cross sections is studied. The number of transmitted secondary photons is presented as a function of shield thickness for two different cross section sets. It is found that the Bertini code does not emphasize high LET components.
    Keywords: NUCLEAR AND HIGH-ENERGY PHYSICS
    Type: Health Physics (ISSN 0017-9078); 55; 817-819
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  • 10
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    Evaluation of Spacecraft Shielding Effectiveness for Radiation Protection (1999)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The potential for serious health risks from solar particle events (SPE) and galactic cosmic rays (GCR) is a critical issue in the NASA strategic plan for the Human Exploration and Development of Space (HEDS). The excess cost to protect against the GCR and SPE due to current uncertainties in radiation transmission properties and cancer biology could be exceedingly large based on the excess launch costs to shield against uncertainties. The development of advanced shielding concepts is an important risk mitigation area with the potential to significantly reduce risk below conventional mission designs. A key issue in spacecraft material selection is the understanding of nuclear reactions on the transmission properties of materials. High-energy nuclear particles undergo nuclear reactions in passing through materials and tissue altering their composition and producing new radiation types. Spacecraft and planetary habitat designers can utilize radiation transport codes to identify optimal materials for lowering exposures and to optimize spacecraft design to reduce astronaut exposures. To reach these objectives will require providing design engineers with accurate data bases and computationally efficient software for describing the transmission properties of space radiation in materials. Our program will reduce the uncertainty in the transmission properties of space radiation by improving the theoretical description of nuclear reactions and radiation transport, and provide accurate physical descriptions of the track structure of microscopic energy deposition.
    Keywords: Spacecraft Design, Testing and Performance
    Type: NASA Microgravity Materials Science Conference; 133-138; NASA/CP-1999-209092
    Format: application/pdf
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