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  • Articles  (7)
  • Time Factors  (4)
  • Arabidopsis thaliana  (3)
  • Medicine  (4)
  • Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition  (3)
  • Technology
  • 1
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    A memory retrieval-extinction procedure to prevent drug craving and relapse (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-04-14
    Description: Drug use and relapse involve learned associations between drug-associated environmental cues and drug effects. Extinction procedures in the clinic can suppress conditioned responses to drug cues, but the extinguished responses typically reemerge after exposure to the drug itself (reinstatement), the drug-associated environment (renewal), or the passage of time (spontaneous recovery). We describe a memory retrieval-extinction procedure that decreases conditioned drug effects and drug seeking in rat models of relapse, and drug craving in abstinent heroin addicts. In rats, daily retrieval of drug-associated memories 10 minutes or 1 hour but not 6 hours before extinction sessions attenuated drug-induced reinstatement, spontaneous recovery, and renewal of conditioned drug effects and drug seeking. In heroin addicts, retrieval of drug-associated memories 10 minutes before extinction sessions attenuated cue-induced heroin craving 1, 30, and 180 days later. The memory retrieval-extinction procedure is a promising nonpharmacological method for decreasing drug craving and relapse during abstinence.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3695463/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3695463/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Xue, Yan-Xue -- Luo, Yi-Xiao -- Wu, Ping -- Shi, Hai-Shui -- Xue, Li-Fen -- Chen, Chen -- Zhu, Wei-Li -- Ding, Zeng-Bo -- Bao, Yan-ping -- Shi, Jie -- Epstein, David H -- Shaham, Yavin -- Lu, Lin -- Z99 DA999999/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- ZIA DA000434-12/Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Apr 13;336(6078):241-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1215070.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22499948" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amygdala/enzymology ; Animals ; Behavior, Addictive/*prevention & control ; Cocaine/administration & dosage ; Cocaine-Related Disorders/*psychology/therapy ; Conditioning, Classical ; Conditioning, Operant ; Cues ; *Extinction, Psychological ; Heroin/administration & dosage ; Heroin Dependence/*psychology/therapy ; Humans ; Male ; *Memory ; Mental Recall ; Models, Animal ; Prefrontal Cortex/enzymology ; Protein Kinase C/metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Recurrence ; Self Administration ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Rab5 is necessary for the biogenesis of the endolysosomal system in vivo (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-25
    Description: An outstanding question is how cells control the number and size of membrane organelles. The small GTPase Rab5 has been proposed to be a master regulator of endosome biogenesis. Here, to test this hypothesis, we developed a mathematical model of endosome dependency on Rab5 and validated it by titrating down all three Rab5 isoforms in adult mouse liver using state-of-the-art RNA interference technology. Unexpectedly, the endocytic system was resilient to depletion of Rab5 and collapsed only when Rab5 decreased to a critical level. Loss of Rab5 below this threshold caused a marked reduction in the number of early endosomes, late endosomes and lysosomes, associated with a block of low-density lipoprotein endocytosis. Loss of endosomes caused failure to deliver apical proteins to the bile canaliculi, suggesting a requirement for polarized cargo sorting. Our results demonstrate for the first time, to our knowledge, the role of Rab5 as an endosome organizer in vivo and reveal the resilience mechanisms of the endocytic system.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zeigerer, Anja -- Gilleron, Jerome -- Bogorad, Roman L -- Marsico, Giovanni -- Nonaka, Hidenori -- Seifert, Sarah -- Epstein-Barash, Hila -- Kuchimanchi, Satya -- Peng, Chang Geng -- Ruda, Vera M -- Del Conte-Zerial, Perla -- Hengstler, Jan G -- Kalaidzidis, Yannis -- Koteliansky, Victor -- Zerial, Marino -- England -- Nature. 2012 May 23;485(7399):465-70. doi: 10.1038/nature11133.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute of Molecular Cell Biology and Genetics, 01307 Dresden, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22622570" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Polarity ; Cells, Cultured ; Endocytosis ; Endosomes/*metabolism ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Hepatocytes/cytology/metabolism ; Isoenzymes/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism ; Liver/cytology/enzymology/metabolism ; Lysosomes/*metabolism ; Mice ; Multivesicular Bodies/metabolism ; Organ Specificity ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Interference ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics ; Time Factors ; Vesicular Transport Proteins/metabolism ; rab5 GTP-Binding Proteins/biosynthesis/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Role of nitrogen dioxide in the biosynthesis of nitraosamines in mice (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-03-28
    Description: Groups of three to four mice were gavaged with aqueous solutions of 2 milligrams of morpholine, after which they were exposed to nitrogen dioxide in inhalation chambers at concentrations of 0.2 to 50 parts per million for up to 4 hours. At sequential intervals during the exposure, mice were frozen and pulverized in liquid nitrogen, and the mice powder was extracted with ice-cold 35 percent aqueous methanol and dichloromethane; organic-phase concentrates were analyzed for N-nitrosomorpholine with a thermal energy analyzer interfaced to a gas chromatograph. The N-nitrosomorpholine yields, ranging up to about 2.3 micrograms per mouse, were time-dependent relative to the duration of exposure to nitrogen dioxide and dose-dependent relative to the concentrations of nitrogen dioxide; control levels (in mice that were gavaged with morpholine or distilled water and then exposed to air instead of nitrogen dioxide) were less than 5 nanograms per mouse. These preliminary studies demonstrate the in vivo nitrosating potential of nitrogen oxides.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Iqbal, Z M -- Dahl, K -- Epstein, S S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Mar 28;207(4438):1475-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7361099" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amines/metabolism ; Animals ; Ascorbic Acid/pharmacology ; Biotransformation ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Mice ; Morpholines/*metabolism ; Nitrogen Dioxide/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Nitrosamines/*metabolism ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    A new antibiotic kills pathogens without detectable resistance (2015)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2015-01-07
    Description: Antibiotic resistance is spreading faster than the introduction of new compounds into clinical practice, causing a public health crisis. Most antibiotics were produced by screening soil microorganisms, but this limited resource of cultivable bacteria was overmined by the 1960s. Synthetic approaches to produce antibiotics have been unable to replace this platform. Uncultured bacteria make up approximately 99% of all species in external environments, and are an untapped source of new antibiotics. We developed several methods to grow uncultured organisms by cultivation in situ or by using specific growth factors. Here we report a new antibiotic that we term teixobactin, discovered in a screen of uncultured bacteria. Teixobactin inhibits cell wall synthesis by binding to a highly conserved motif of lipid II (precursor of peptidoglycan) and lipid III (precursor of cell wall teichoic acid). We did not obtain any mutants of Staphylococcus aureus or Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistant to teixobactin. The properties of this compound suggest a path towards developing antibiotics that are likely to avoid development of resistance.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ling, Losee L -- Schneider, Tanja -- Peoples, Aaron J -- Spoering, Amy L -- Engels, Ina -- Conlon, Brian P -- Mueller, Anna -- Schaberle, Till F -- Hughes, Dallas E -- Epstein, Slava -- Jones, Michael -- Lazarides, Linos -- Steadman, Victoria A -- Cohen, Douglas R -- Felix, Cintia R -- Fetterman, K Ashley -- Millett, William P -- Nitti, Anthony G -- Zullo, Ashley M -- Chen, Chao -- Lewis, Kim -- AI085612/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- T-RO1AI085585/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2015 Jan 22;517(7535):455-9. doi: 10.1038/nature14098. Epub 2015 Jan 7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NovoBiotic Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, USA. ; 1] Institute of Medical Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology-Pharmaceutical Microbiology Section, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany [2] German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany. ; Antimicrobial Discovery Center, Northeastern University, Department of Biology, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; 1] German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner Site Bonn-Cologne, 53115 Bonn, Germany [2] Institute for Pharmaceutical Biology, University of Bonn, Bonn 53115, Germany. ; Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA. ; Selcia, Ongar, Essex CM5 0GS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25561178" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/biosynthesis/chemistry/isolation & ; purification/*pharmacology ; Betaproteobacteria/chemistry/genetics ; Biological Products/chemistry/isolation & purification/pharmacology ; Cell Wall/chemistry/drug effects/metabolism ; Depsipeptides/biosynthesis/chemistry/isolation & purification/*pharmacology ; Disease Models, Animal ; *Drug Resistance, Microbial/genetics ; Female ; Mice ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Microbial Viability/*drug effects ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/cytology/*drug effects/genetics ; Peptidoglycan/biosynthesis ; Staphylococcal Infections/drug therapy/microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus/chemistry/cytology/*drug effects/genetics ; Teichoic Acids/biosynthesis ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indole-3-butyric acid in Arabidopsis thaliana III. In vivo biosynthesis (1994)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 14 (1994), S. 7-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; IBA biosynthesis ; indole-3-acetic acid ; indole-3-butyric acid ; α-naphthylacetic acid ; phenylacetic acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was identified by HPLC and GC-MS as one of the reaction products after incubation of sterile cultures of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings with labeled indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). This is the first demonstration of IBA biosynthesis in a dicotyledonous plant. After 1 h of incubation most of the IBA was found in the free form, while after longer periods of incubation most of it was detected in conjugated forms. Formation of IBA conjugates was inhibited by the addition of unlabeled IBA. The biosynthesis of IBA and its conjugates was followed throughout the development of the seedlings and at different pH values. All parts of the plant (isolated roots, leaves, shoots and flowers) were able to convert IAA to IBA to the same extent. IAA was more readily transported than IBA in mature Arabidopsis plants. Feeding of labeled phenylacetic acid (PAA) and α-naphthylacetic acid (NAA) to Arabidopsis seedlings resulted in a new small peak which was hydrolyzed by 7N NaOH, but the formation of compounds with longer side chains (analogous to IBA) could not be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024135
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indole-3-butyric acid in Arabidopsis thaliana (1993)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 13 (1993), S. 189-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; autofluorography ; auxin conjugates ; IBA-glucose synthase ; indole-3-butyric acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was metabolized by seedlings of Arabidopsis thaliana cultivated in liquid medium under sterile conditions to two major metabolites. One metabolite was hydrolyzed by 1 N NaOH and β-glucosidase and was tentatively identified as IBA-glucose and the other was hydrolyzed by 7 N NaOH and amidase and was identified as an amide-linked conjugate. IBA-glucose synthase activity was found in a soluble enzyme fraction after incubation of 3H-IBA, IBA and UDP-glucose. The labelled reaction product had an Rf value comparable to IBA glucose and stained positive with Ehmann reagent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024261
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Indole-3-butyric acid in Arabidopsis thaliana (1993)
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 13 (1993), S. 179-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; auxin conjugates ; ethylene ; indole-3-acetic acid ; indole-3-butyric acid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was identified by HPLC and GC-MS as an endogenous compound in plantlets of the crucifer Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. A. thaliana was cultivated under sterile conditions as shaking culture in different liquid media with and without supply of hormones. Free and total IBA and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) were determined at different stages of development during the culture period as well as in culture media of different initial pH values. The results showed that IAA was present in higher concentrations than IBA, but both hormones seemed to show the same behaviour under the different experimental conditions. Differences were found in the mode of conjugation of the two hormones. While IAA was mostly conjugated via amide bonds, the main IBA conjugates were ester bound. The ethylene concentration derived from the seedlings, when they were grown in flasks of different size, seemed not to influence the auxin content in the same cultures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024260
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