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  • Arabidopsis thaliana  (10)
  • Chloroplast DNA  (2)
  • intron  (2)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Chloroplast DNA ; Photosystem I gene ; psaC ; Transcription ; Tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The gene for the 9 kd polypeptide (a possible apoprotein for the iron-sulfur centers A and B) of photosystem I has been located in the small single-copy region of tobacco chloroplast DNA. This gene (psaC) was identified by comparing the N-terminal amino acid sequence of the spinach 9 kd polypeptide with the entire sequence of tobacco chloroplast genome. The gene organization is ndhE (101 codons) — 263 by spacer — psaC (S1 codons) — 94 by spacer - ndhD (509 codons). Northern blot hybridization revealed that psaC is transcribed in the chloroplasts. The deduced amino acid sequence and secondary structure are presented. The predicted polypeptide is rich in cysteine residues and contains a unique repeated sequence.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; nucleotide sequences ; kat genes ; kinesin-like proteins ; microtubule-stimulated ATPase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Complementary DNAs of two kinesin-related genes,katB andkatC, were isolated fromArabidopsis thaliana and sequenced. The carboxyl-terminal regions of the polypeptides encoded by these genes, especially the presumptive ATP-binding and microtubule-binding domains, share significant sequence homology with the mechanochemical motor domain of the kinesin heavy chain. The predicted secondary structures of KatB and KatC proteins include a large globular domain in the carboxyl-terminal region and a small globular domain in the amino-terminal region that are separated by a long α-helical coiled-coil with heptad repeats. A truncated KatC polypeptide (KatC(207–754)), which includes the carboxylterminal region of KatC, was expressed inEscherichia coli and was shown to possess microtubule-stimulated ATPase activity and to bind to microtubules in an ATP-sensitive manner, both of which are characteristics of kinesin and kinesin-like proteins.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: casein kinase II ; Arabidopsis thaliana ; cDNA sequence ; expression in Escherichia coli ; enzyme activity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two cDNA clones, ATCKA1 and ATCKA2, encoding casein kinase II (CKII) catalytic subunits, were cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana and their nucleotide sequences were determined. Both cDNAs contain 999 bp open reading frames and are 94% identical on the amino acid sequence level. The deduced amino acid sequences of ATCKA1 and ATCKA2 are very similar to that of the human CKII catalytic α subunit (72% homology). Northern blot analysis indicates that the ATCKA1 and ATCKA2 mRNAs are present in all plant organs, but that ATCKA1 transcript levels are quite low compared to those of ATCKA2. Genomic Southern blot analysis suggests that there are at least three CKII genes in the A. thaliana genome. We expressed the ATCKA1 and ATCKA2 cDNAs in Escherichia coli using a pET vector derivative and analyzed the expressed protein in vitro. The expressed ATCKA1 protein phosphorylated casein using either ATP or GTP. This activity was inhibited by heparin, indicating that the expressed protein has activity similar to those reported for animal and yeast CKII.
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; myb-related gene ; PCR ; promoter
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A gene encoding a proto-oncogene, a myb-related gene named Atmyb1, was cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana, and its nucleotide sequence was determined. The Atmyb1 gene contains an intron of 494 bp, and there are no highly homologous sequences present in the A. thaliana genome, but evidence was found that other myb-related genes exist. In the 5′ flanking region, we found several typical cis-acting elements found in plant promoters. Sequence comparisons revealed that the ATMYB1 protein has a putative DNA-binding domain with two repeats of tryptophan clusters, which is common in MYB-related proteins in plants, while animal MYB-related proteins contain DNA-binding domains with three repeats of tryptophan clusters. The putative DNA-binding domain of the ATMYB1 protein has higher homology with that of the human c-MYB protein than with those of other plant MYB proteins.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; basic/helix-loop-helix (bHLH) ; Myc-related protein ; RFLP mapping ; Sph box ; transcription factor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In plants, MYC-related proteins function as transcription factors involved in anthocyanin production and trichome development. We cloned a gene, Atmyc1, and its corresponding cDNA, that encodes for a MYC-related protein from Arabidopsis thaliana. The putative protein has a basic/helix-loop-helix motif at the C-terminus and a highly homologous region with that of the maize B/R family at the N-terminus. The promoter region of Atmyc1 contains a Sph box (CATGCATG) that is known as a cis-regulatory element conferring seed-specific expression. In fact, Atmyc1 transcripts were more abundant in developing seeds than in stems and leaves where trichomes are normally expressed. Restriction fragment length polymorphism mapping demonstrated that Atmyc1 is located on the upper region of chromosome 4, which clearly indicates that Atmyc1 is distinct from the ttg (transparent testa glabrous) locus that affects both trichome development and anthocyanin biosynthesis.
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: chloroplast ; codon usage ; intron ; ribosomal protein gene ; transcription ; tobacco
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Transcription of rps2, rps4, rps7, rps11, rps14, rps15, rps18, rpl20, rpl33 and rpl36 from the tobacco chloroplast genome has been studied. Northern blot analysis has revealed that all these genes are transcribed in the chloroplast. Multiple transcripts were detected for all the genes and amounts of the transcripts were quite different among the ten genes. These ten ribosomal protein genes together with the ten other ribosomal protein genes published previously were complied and compared. Four out of the twenty genes contain introns, possible secondary structures of which are presented.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 647-653 
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; diacylglycerol kinase ; EF-hand ; cysteine-rich zinc finger ; PI turnover ; Ca2+-binding proteins ; signal transduction pathways ; plants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Diacylglycerol kinase (DGK) synthesizes phosphatidic acid from diacylglycerol, an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), to resynthesize phosphatidylinositols. The structure of DGK has not been characterized in plants. We report the cloning of a cDNA, cATDGK1, encoding DGK from Arabidopsis thaliana. The cATDGK1 cDNA contains an open reading frame of 2184 bp, and encodes a putative protein of 728 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 79.4 kDa. The deduced ATDGK1 amino acid sequence exhibits significant similarity to that of rat, pig, and Drosophila DGKs. The ATDGK1 mRNA was detected in roots, shoots, and leaves. Southern blot analysis suggests that the ATDGK1 gene is a single-copy gene. The existence of DGK as well as phospholipase C suggests the existence of PKC in plants.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C ; chromosomal mapping ; Arabidopsis thaliana
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A cDNA encoding a phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) from the higher plant Arabidopsis thaliana was cloned and characterized. The gene corresponding to this cDNA is designated AtPLC2. The overall structure of the predicted AtPLC2 protein is similar to those of plant PI-PLCs and mammalian δ-type PI-PLCs. Northern blot analysis revealed that AtPLC2 is expressed constitutively whereas AtPLC1S, another gene for PI-PLC of Arabidopsis, is induced by environmental stresses such as dehydration and salinity, indicating that the function of AtPLC2 is distinct from that of AtPLC1S. The AtPLC2 mRNA was detected in vegetative and floral tissues. We determined the positions of these two PI-PLCs genes on Arabidopsis chromosomes by RFLP mapping using P1 genomic clones.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Conserved open reading frames ; Monocots ; Chloroplast DNA ; Sequence duplication ; Multimer formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The entire chloroplast genome of the monocot rice (Oryza sativa) has been sequenced and comprises 134525 bp. Predicted genes have been identified along with open reading frames (ORFs) conserved between rice and the previously sequenced chloroplast genomes, a dicot, tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum), and a liverwort (Marchantia polymorpha). The same complement of 30 tRNA and 4 rRNA genes has been conserved between rice and tobacco. Most ORFs extensively conserved betweenN. tabacum andM. polymorpha are also conserved intact in rice. However, several such ORFs are entirely absent in rice, or present only in severely truncated form. Structural changes are also apparent in the genome relative to tobacco. The inverted repeats, characteristic of chloroplast genome structure, have expanded outward to include several genes present only once per genome in tobacco and liverwort and the large single copy region has undergone a series of inversions which predate the divergence of the cereals. A chimeric tRNA pseudogene overlaps an apparent endpoint of the largest inversion, and a model invoking illegitimate recombination between tRNA genes is proposed which accounts simultaneously for the origin of this pseudogene, the large inversion and the creation of repeated sequences near the inversion endpoints.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Arabidopsis thaliana ; Drought stress ; Abscisic acid ; Gene structure ; Seed protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Nine cDNA clones, corresponding to genes that are responsive to dehydration (named RD), have been isolated from Arabidopsis thaliana. The sequence of a putative protein encoded by one of the RD cDNA clones, RD22, exhibits considerable homology to an unidentified seed protein (USP) of Vicia faba. Northern analysis showed that RD22 mRNA is induced by salt stress as well as by water deficit but not by cold or heat stress. RD22 mRNA appeared after the application of abscisic acid (ABA), an indication that transcription of RD22 mRNA is induced by endogenous ABA, the production of which is triggered by drought and salt stress. The induction of RD22 mRNA by ABA was inhibited by cycloheximide. Thus, it appears that protein synthesis is required for the induction of this mRNA by ABA. By contrast, protein synthesis was not required for the ABA-responsive induction RD29 mRNA, which corresponds to another dehydration-responsive gene of A. thaliana. These results suggest that there are at least two mechansisms for the induction of dehydration-responsive genes by ABA. RD22 mRNA was also expressed during the early and middle stages of seed development, showing a pattern of expression similar to that of USP. The seed-specific expression of RD22 seems not to be regulated by ABA. Structural analysis of the RD22 genomic clone revealed that the structural gene (designated rd22) contains three introns, and only a single copy of the gene is present in the A. thaliana genome, while the gene for USP from V. faba is actually a family of genes with 10 to 20 members. The site of initiation of transcription was determined by primer extension. Possible cis-acting elements involved in the expression of rd22 are discussed.
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