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  • Animals  (3)
  • DC-EPG  (2)
  • electrical penetration graph  (2)
  • 1
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    KDM1B is a histone H3K4 demethylase required to establish maternal genomic imprints (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-09-04
    Description: Differential DNA methylation of the paternal and maternal alleles regulates the parental origin-specific expression of imprinted genes in mammals. The methylation imprints are established in male and female germ cells during gametogenesis, and the de novo DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A and its cofactor DNMT3L are required in this process. However, the mechanisms underlying locus- and parental-specific targeting of the de novo DNA methylation machinery in germline imprinting are poorly understood. Here we show that amine oxidase (flavin-containing) domain 1 (AOF1), a protein related to the lysine demethylase KDM1 (also known as LSD1), functions as a histone H3 lysine 4 (H3K4) demethylase and is required for de novo DNA methylation of some imprinted genes in oocytes. AOF1, now renamed lysine demethylase 1B (KDM1B) following a new nomenclature, is highly expressed in growing oocytes where genomic imprints are established. Targeted disruption of the gene encoding KDM1B had no effect on mouse development and oogenesis. However, oocytes from KDM1B-deficient females showed a substantial increase in H3K4 methylation and failed to set up the DNA methylation marks at four out of seven imprinted genes examined. Embryos derived from these oocytes showed biallelic expression or biallelic suppression of the affected genes and died before mid-gestation. Our results suggest that demethylation of H3K4 is critical for establishing the DNA methylation imprints during oogenesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ciccone, David N -- Su, Hui -- Hevi, Sarah -- Gay, Frederique -- Lei, Hong -- Bajko, Jeffrey -- Xu, Guoliang -- Li, En -- Chen, Taiping -- England -- Nature. 2009 Sep 17;461(7262):415-8. doi: 10.1038/nature08315. Epub 2009 Sep 2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Epigenetics Program, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19727073" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alleles ; Animals ; *DNA Methylation ; Embryo Loss/genetics ; Embryo, Mammalian/metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Genes, Developmental/genetics ; *Genomic Imprinting ; Histones/*metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; *Mothers ; NIH 3T3 Cells ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Oxidoreductases, N-Demethylating/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    ZNRF3 promotes Wnt receptor turnover in an R-spondin-sensitive manner (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-05-12
    Description: R-spondin proteins strongly potentiate Wnt signalling and function as stem-cell growth factors. Despite the biological and therapeutic significance, the molecular mechanism of R-spondin action remains unclear. Here we show that the cell-surface transmembrane E3 ubiquitin ligase zinc and ring finger 3 (ZNRF3) and its homologue ring finger 43 (RNF43) are negative feedback regulators of Wnt signalling. ZNRF3 is associated with the Wnt receptor complex, and inhibits Wnt signalling by promoting the turnover of frizzled and LRP6. Inhibition of ZNRF3 enhances Wnt/beta-catenin signalling and disrupts Wnt/planar cell polarity signalling in vivo. Notably, R-spondin mimics ZNRF3 inhibition by increasing the membrane level of Wnt receptors. Mechanistically, R-spondin interacts with the extracellular domain of ZNRF3 and induces the association between ZNRF3 and LGR4, which results in membrane clearance of ZNRF3. These data suggest that R-spondin enhances Wnt signalling by inhibiting ZNRF3. Our study provides new mechanistic insights into the regulation of Wnt receptor turnover, and reveals ZNRF3 as a tractable target for therapeutic exploration.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hao, Huai-Xiang -- Xie, Yang -- Zhang, Yue -- Charlat, Olga -- Oster, Emma -- Avello, Monika -- Lei, Hong -- Mickanin, Craig -- Liu, Dong -- Ruffner, Heinz -- Mao, Xiaohong -- Ma, Qicheng -- Zamponi, Raffaella -- Bouwmeester, Tewis -- Finan, Peter M -- Kirschner, Marc W -- Porter, Jeffery A -- Serluca, Fabrizio C -- Cong, Feng -- England -- Nature. 2012 Apr 29;485(7397):195-200. doi: 10.1038/nature11019.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, 250 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22575959" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Polarity/physiology ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Feedback, Physiological ; Female ; Frizzled Receptors/metabolism ; HEK293 Cells ; Humans ; Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-6/metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Oncogene Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Protein Stability ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/deficiency/genetics/metabolism ; Receptors, Wnt/*metabolism ; Thrombospondins/*metabolism ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases/chemistry/*deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Ubiquitination ; Wnt Signaling Pathway ; Xenopus ; Zebrafish ; beta Catenin/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 3
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    Neural basis of a pollinator's buffet: olfactory specialization and learning in Manduca sexta (2012)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-12-12
    Description: Pollinators exhibit a range of innate and learned behaviors that mediate interactions with flowers, but the olfactory bases of these responses in a naturalistic context remain poorly understood. The hawkmoth Manduca sexta is an important pollinator for many night-blooming flowers but can learn--through olfactory conditioning--to visit other nectar resources. Analysis of the flowers that are innately attractive to moths shows that the scents all have converged on a similar chemical profile that, in turn, is uniquely represented in the moth's antennal (olfactory) lobe. Flexibility in visitation to nonattractive flowers, however, is mediated by octopamine-associated modulation of antennal-lobe neurons during learning. Furthermore, this flexibility does not extinguish the innate preferences. Such processing of stimuli through two olfactory channels, one involving an innate bias and the other a learned association, allows the moths to exist within a dynamic floral environment while maintaining specialized associations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Riffell, Jeffrey A -- Lei, Hong -- Abrell, Leif -- Hildebrand, John G -- R01-DC-02751/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Jan 11;339(6116):200-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1225483. Epub 2012 Dec 6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-800, USA. jriffell@u.washington.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23223454" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Arthropod Antennae/physiology ; Brain/physiology ; Electrophysiological Processes ; Feeding Behavior ; *Flowers ; Learning ; Male ; Manduca/*physiology ; Neurons/*physiology ; Octopamine/pharmacology/*physiology ; Odors ; Olfactory Pathways ; *Plant Nectar ; Pollination ; Smell/physiology ; Volatile Organic Compounds
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stylet penetration by larvae of the greenhouse whitefly on cucumber (1996)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 79 (1996), S. 77-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Trialeurodes vaporariorum ; Homoptera ; Aleyrodidae ; probing ; electrical penetration graph ; EPG ; honeydew excretion ; phloem ; feeding ; ingestion ; moulting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Probing behaviour of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) larvae was monitored using the DC electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique on the host plant cucumber. EPGs were recorded for 16 h, simultaneously with honeydew excretion using a ‘honeydew clock’. Three waveforms were distinguished: a pathway waveform (C), and two phloem waveforms, one with a high (H), and one with a low frequency (L) signal. The C waveform mainly occurred in the crawler stage of the 1st instar larvae. EPGs recorded from larvae during and after moulting indicated that the process involves stylet withdrawal; hence the stylets of each new instar need to penetrate again from the leaf surface to the phloem. All sessile stages, from L1 to pre-pupa, spent almost their entire time in waveforms H and L. These waveforms alternated more frequently in the early instars than during the later ones, in which the H waveform became predominant. The H waveform was highly correlated with honeydew excretion and thus phloem sap ingestion. The L waveform was not related to honeydew excretion but EPGs indicated that the stylet tips remain in a sieve element during both waveforms. Periods of honeydew production demonstrated a delay of 30–40 min in relation to the onset and end of H and L waveforms. This delay is presumably related to the time needed for food passing through, or emptying of, the insect's gut. From the 1st instar to the pre-pupa, the frequency of excreted honeydew droplets decreased but their size increased, causing a net increase of the excretion rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00333824
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probing and feeding characteristics of the greenhouse whitefly in association with host-plant acceptance and whitefly strains (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 88 (1998), S. 73-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Trialeurodes vaporariorum ; rearing history ; host plants ; acceptance ranks ; probing ; phloem feeding ; electrical penetration graph ; DC-EPG
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Host-plant and whitefly strain effects and their interactions on the probing and sap feeding of the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood), have been investigated in this study using the DC-EPG (Electrical Penetration Graph) technique. Whiteflies generally displayed fewer but longer probes on highly acceptable cucumber than on less acceptable tomato. Both whitefly strains, the T(omato)-strain and the C(ucumber)-strain, showed a significantly lower number of phloem phases on cucumber than on tomato. However, the duration of total phloem phases achieved by either of the whitefly strains on these two host plants was not significantly different. These data indicate that a more continuous phloem feeding has occurred on cucumber plants. Indeed, the percentage of phloem feeding time after the first sustained phloem phase (longer than 15 min) was higher on cucumber for the C-strain whiteflies. When comparing these two whitefly strains, the T-strain whiteflies probed less frequently but longer than the C-strain whiteflies did on both host plants. Also, the T-strain whiteflies displayed a longer duration of total phloem phases on tomato. An interaction between the whitefly strain and plant effects was detected on a parameter, which showed that whiteflies probed significantly longer before reaching the first phloem phase on the host plants that had been previously experienced. In conclusion, both plant species and whitefly strains affect whitefly's probing and feeding behaviour, though plant effects are much stronger.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003215227403
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of resistance in tomato and sweet pepper against the greenhouse whitefly using electrically monitored and visually observed probing and feeding behaviour (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 92 (1999), S. 299-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: greenhouse whitefly ; Trialeurodes vaporariorum ; plant resistance ; tomato ; sweet pepper ; probing ; feeding ; DC-EPG ; observation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Different types of plant resistance against the greenhouse whitefly, Trialeurodes vaporariorum, were distinguished according to the tissue location of the resistance factors. The effects of resistance factors were compared by measuring the electrically monitored and visually observed probing and feeding behaviour of whiteflies on two resistant tomato genotypes (82207 and 82216), a susceptible tomato cultivar, and a non-host plant, sweet pepper. On sweet pepper, whiteflies displayed very short first probes, very long pathway probing and spent much time on non-feeding activities such as walking and standing still. Also, a high percentage of whiteflies rejected sweet pepper without ingesting substances from the phloem vessel. These data suggest a strong resistance that is based on the factors present in surface/epidermis and/or mesophyll layers of this plant. The behaviour of whiteflies on tomato 82207 was very different from that on sweet pepper. On tomato 82207 whiteflies apparently did not perceive resistance factors on the leaf surface and in the mesophyll. Resistance factors appeared to be present in the phloem tissue, because a higher number of phloem phases, longer phloem salivation periods and shorter phloem ingestion periods were observed when compared with the susceptible tomato cultivar. Tomato 82216 showed no clear resistance factor in the phloem. The importance of combined EPG and behavioural research for host-plant resistance studies are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003806417443
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