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  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (86)
  • Lepidoptera  (23)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On-line coupled HPLC-HRGC: A powerful tool for vapor phase FTIR analysis (LC-GC-FTIR) (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 14 (1991), S. 160-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Coupled HPLC-HRGC ; Furanocoumarins ; LC-GC ; LC-GC-FTIR ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The design of an on-line LC-GC-FTIR system using an on-column interface and partially concurrent solvent evaporation with early vapor exit is described. The integration of LC-GC coupling into vapor phase FTIR analysis enables problems of sensitivity encountered with HRGC-FTIR detection to be over-come. The applicability of the method is demonstrated by the identification and determination of citropten and bergapten in bergamot oil.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240140304
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Notiz zur protonenkatalysierten Gasphasencyclisierung von N-Benzoyl-α-aminosäremethylesternXXVIII. Mitteilung ‘Massenspektrometrische Untersuchung organischer Stickstoffverbindungen’; als XXVII. Mitteilung gilt: H. Schwarz, R. Sezi, K. Levsen, H. Heimbach und F. Borchers, Org. Mass Spectrom., im Druck. (1977)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 12 (1977), S. 477-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Chemical ionization mass spectrometry of the title compounds demonstrates that the formation of the [M+H—CH3OH]+ ions is strongly influenced by the degree as well as the type of alkyl substitution of the α-carbon atom. The extent of cyclization (i.e. formation of [M+H—CH3OH]+) closely resembles that of the activated esters in condensed phases.
    Notes: Art und Anzahl der Alkylsubstituenten am α-C-Atom der Titelverbindungen beeinflußen in entscheidender Weise die durch chemische Ionisation induzierte Methanol-Eliminierung aus den [M + H]+-Ionen. Die Cyclisierungstendenz entspricht sehr stark der von aktivierten Estern in kondensierter Phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210120716
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (E)-11,13-tetradecadienal: Major sex pheromone component of the eastern blackheaded budworm,Acleris variana (Fern.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 20 (1994), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; Acleris variana ; sex pheromone ; (E)-11,13-tetradecadienal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract (E)-11,13-Tetradecadienal (E11,13–14:Ald) is the major sex pheromone component of the eastern blackheaded budworm (EBB),Acleris variana (Fern.). The compound was identified in female pheromone gland extracts by coupled gas chromatographic-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), coupled GC-mass spectrometry in selected ion monitoring mode, and retention index calculations of candidate pheromone components.E11,13–14:Ald alone as trap bait was very attractive to male EBB. Addition of the corresponding diene alcohol or acetate or both did not enhance attraction. (Z)-11,13-Tetradecadienal in binary combination with (E)-11,13–14:Ald neither enhanced nor reduced trap catches. Increasing the amounts of pheromone from 0.01 to 10 µg increased trap catches, but increase of pheromone quantity above 100 µg proportionately reduced attraction. Stabilization of slowly polymerizingE11,13–14:Ald and development of a sustained, adequate release rate is required for pheromone-based monitoring of EBB populations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02065986
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (Z)6, (E)8-Heneicosadien-11-One: Synergistic Sex Pheromone Component of Douglas-Fir Tussock Moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough) (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae) (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 19-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; Orgyia pseudotsugata ; tussock moth ; (Z)6,(Z)9-heneicosadien-11-one ; (Z)6,(E)8-heneicosadien-11-one ; (Z)6,(Z)9-heneicosadien-11-one ; sex pheromone ; synergism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three candidate sex pheromone components, (Z)6,(Z)9-, (Z)6,(E)8-, and (Z)6,(E)9-heneicosadien-11-one (Z6Z9, Z6E8, and Z6E9) were identified in pheromone gland extracts of female Douglas-fir tussock moths (DFTM), Orgyia pseudotsugata (McDunnough). Their occurrence in subnanogram quantities in extracts and structural conversion during analytical procedures and bioassays complicated chemical identifications. Complete identification required comparative analyses of stereoselectively synthesized and female-produced dienones by coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and coupled GC–mass spectrometry (MS). Determination of the pheromone component was contingent upon an experimental design that minimized structural rearrangement of dienones before and during the field test. In a 40-min field experiment, acetonitrile solutions of each of the above dienones were carried on Dry Ice to traps and were syringed onto cotton release devices below trap lids. In combination with the previously known sex pheromone component of DFTM, (Z)6-heneicosen-11-one (Z6), Z6E8 was the only synergistic dienone and the mixture was highly attractive. Because Z6 by itself attracts seven species of tussock moths (two sympatric with DFTM), a blend of Z6 and Z6E8 may impart specificity to DFTM pheromone communication. In commercial lures, this binary blend may facilitate species-specific, sensitive monitoring and efficacious control by mating disruption of this important forest defoliator.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006343.38471.c7
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semiochemical-Mediated Location of Host Habitat by Apanteles carpatus (Say) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae), a Parasitoid of Clothes Moth Larvae (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 459-472 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Apanteles carpatus ; Tinea pellionella ; Hymenoptera ; Braconidae ; Lepidoptera ; Tineidae ; semiochemicals ; coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection ; host-habitat location ; tritrophic interactions ; geranylacetone ; nonanal
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In Y-tube olfactometer bioassays, adult Apanteles carpatus (Say), were attracted to beaver or rabbit pelts infested with larvae of the casemaking clothes moth (CCM)Tinea pellionella L. Porapak Q-captured volatiles from a CCM-infested beaver pelt were also very attractive, whereas isolated CCM larvae or larval feces were not. Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analysis of the Porapak Q volatile extract revealed two compounds that elicited responses by A. carpatus antennae. Coupled GC–mass spectrometry (MS) in electron impact and chemical ionization modes of these compounds indicated, and GC-MS and GC-EAD of authentic standards confirmed, that they were nonanal and geranylacetone. While each compound singly did not attract A. carpatusa 1:1 blend of both compounds was as attractive as the volatile extract. Because these compounds are host habitat-derivedA. carpatus must be a habitat rather than host specialist, responding to kairomonal indicators of localized and specific habitats such as animal hair or feather. The tritrophic interaction between A. carpatusits clothes moth hosts and their animal-derived habitats is similar to the well-studied relationship between parasitoids of insect herbivores and their host plant habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006371.64333.c2
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seasonal Variation of Pheromone Concentration in Mating Disruption Trials Against European Grape Vine Moth Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) Measured by EAG (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 487-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lobesia botrana ; Lepidoptera ; Tortricidae ; pheromone concentration ; mating disruption ; electroantennogram ; vineyard ; plume structure ; fluctuations ; plant canopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Spatial and temporal distributions and relative concentrations of the pheromone of the European grape vine moth Lobesia botrana (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) were measured in mating disruption trials with electroantennograms. Measurements were carried out over several years during the flight season of the two generations of this pest insect. In three consecutive years significantly higher mean relative pheromone concentrations were measured in summer during the flight of the second generation of L. botrana than in spring during the flight of the first generation (P 〈 0.001). The relative pheromone concentrations in 1989 reached a maximum between late July and early August, when the highest mean daily temperatures were registered. In addition to the differences in mean relative pheromone concentrations, the spatial and temporal distributions of the pheromone differed significantly between spring and summer. EAG recordings taken in summer showed high, uniform pheromone concentrations in the treated plots, whereas in spring strong temporal and spatial fluctuations were recorded. In a vineyard defoliated by a hailstorm, the mean relative pheromone concentrations measured in summer were not significantly different from those measured in spring (P 〉 0.05), but were significantly lower than those of a nearby intact vineyard (P 〈 0.001). The results provided additional evidence that foliage is an important parameter determining mean pheromone concentrations and temporal and spatial distribution of pheromone in mating disruption trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006373.19897.eb
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex Pheromone Components of the Apple Leafminer, Lyonetia prunifoliella (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 23 (1997), S. 1119-1130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Lyonetiidae ; Lyonetia prunifoliella ; Perileucoptera coffeella ; Lyonetia clerkella ; Leucoptera malifoliella ; sex pheromone ; synergism ; 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene ; 5,9-dimethyloctadecane ; 5,9-dimethylheptadecane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Three methylated hydrocarbons, 10,14-dimethyloctadec-1-ene (10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy = 5Me9Me-17-ene-18Hy), 5,9-dimethyloctadecane (5Me9Me-18Hy), and 5,9-dimethylheptadecane (5Me9Me-17Hy), are synergistic sex pheromone components of the leafminer Lyonetia prunifoliella. Compounds extracted from female pheromone glands were identified by coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD), and one compound, 10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy, also by coupled GC–mass spectrometry. In field trapping experiments, 10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy, 5Me9Me-18Hy, and 5Me9Me-17Hy singly were unattractive to males but in ternary combination attracted numerous male moths. Attractiveness of the three-component blend significantly exceeded that of two-component blends. No attraction of males to pheromone lures without 10Me14Me-1-ene-18Hy indicates that this compound is essential for pheromone communication of L. prunifoliella. Common C-5 and C-9 methyl branches in lyonetiid pheromone hydrocarbons suggest a common biosynthetic pathway; the presence of 5Me9Me-17Hy and 5Me9Me-18Hy in pheromone blends of L. prunifoliella and Leucoptera malifoliella provides evidence for phylogeny of lyonetiid chemical communication. Determination of the stereoisomeric composition is required to completely describe the pheromone blend of L. prunifoliella and to support the hypothesis of phylogenetically related sex pheromones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEC.0000006390.43868.3b
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sex Pheromone Components of Nettle Caterpillar, Setora nitens (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 26 (2000), S. 1983-1990 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Setora nitens ; Setothosea asigna ; nettle caterpillar ; Limacodidae ; Lepidoptera ; sex pheromone ; (Z)-9-dodecenal ; (Z)-9,11-dodecadienal ; (E)-9-dodecenal ; (E)-9,11-dodecadienal ; oil palm ; Elaeis guineensis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) analyses of pheromone gland extracts of female nettle caterpillars, Setora nitens, revealed four compounds that consistently elicited responses from male moth antennae. Retention indices on three fused silia columns (DB-5, DB-23, and DB-210) of two EAD-active compounds were almost identical to those of (E)-9-dodecenal (E9–12 : Ald) and (E)-9,11-dodecadienal (E9,11–12 : Ald), two pheromone components previously identified in congeneric Setothosea asigna. However, comparative GC, GC-EAD, and GC-mass spectrometry of extracted S. nitens compounds and authentic standards revealed that the candidate pheromone components were (Z)-9-dodecenal (Z9–12 : Ald) and (Z)-9,11-dodecadienal (Z9,11–12 : Ald). The two other EAD-active compounds in pheromone gland extracts proved to be the corresponding alcohols to these aldehydes. In field-trapping experiments in Tawau, Malaysia, synthetic Z9–12 : Ald and Z9,11–12 : Ald at a 1 : 1 ratio, but not singly, attracted male S. nitens. Attractiveness of these two aldehydes could not be enhanced through the addition of their corresponding alcohols. Whether these differences in pheromone biology and chemistry between S. nitens and S. asigna are sufficient to prevent cross-attraction of heterospecific males or whether nonpheromonal mechanisms are required to maintain reproductive isolation is currently being studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005513211225
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergistic Sex Pheromone Components of White-Spotted Tussock Moth, Orgyia thyellina (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 25 (1999), S. 1091-1104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Lymantriidae ; white-spotted tussock moth ; Orgyia thyellina ; (Z)-6-heneicosen-11-one ; (Z)-6-heneicosen-9-one ; (Z)-6,(E)-8-heneicosadien-11-one ; sex pheromone ; synergism ; quarantine insect ; international trade ; eradication ; Bacillus thuringiensis ; microbial insecticide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract In 1996, the exotic white-spotted tussock moth (WSTM), Orgyia thyellina (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), was discovered in Auckland, New Zealand. Because establishment of WSTM would threaten New Zealand's orchard industry and international trade, eradication of WSTM with microbial insecticide was initiated. To monitor and complement eradication of WSTM by capture of male moths in pheromone-baited traps, pheromone components of female WSTM needed to be identified. Coupled gas chromatographic–electroantennographic detection analysis of pheromone gland extract revealed several compounds that elicited responses from male moth antennae. Mass spectra of the two most EAD-active compounds suggested, and comparative GC-MS of authentic standards confirmed, that they were (Z)-6-heneicosen-11-one (Z6–11-one) and (Z)-6-heneicosen-9-one, the latter termed here “thyellinone.” In field experiments in Japan, Z6–11-one plus thyellinone at a 100:5 ratio attracted WSTM males, whereas either ketone alone failed to attract a single male moth. Addition of further candidate pheromone components did not enhance attractiveness of the binary blend. Through the 1997–1998 summer, 45,000 commercial trap lures baited with 2000 μg of Z6–11-one and 100 μg of thyellinone were deployed in Auckland towards eradication of the residual WSTM population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1020833909739
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    (6Z,9Z-3R,4S)-Epoxy-heptadecadiene: major sex pheromone component of the larch looper,Semiothisa sexmaculata (Packard) (Lepidoptera: Geometridae) (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of chemical ecology 19 (1993), S. 843-850 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Geometridae ; Semiothisa ; S. sexmaculata ; S. marmorata ; S. neptaria ; sex pheromone ; sex attractant ; enantiomer ; (3Z,6Z,9Z)-heptadecatriene ; (6Z,9Z-3R,4S)-epoxy-heptadecadiene ; (6Z,9Z-3S,4R)-epoxy-heptadecadiene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Gas chromatographic-electroantennographic analysis (GC-EAD) of female larch looper,Semiothisa sexmaculata (Packard), gland extracts revealed two EAD-active compounds. Retention index calculations, GC-mass spectroscopy in selected ion monitoring mode, and GC-EAD analysis of authentic standards identified the compounds as (3Z,6Z,9Z)-heptadecatriene (3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H) and (6Z,9Z)-cis-3,4-epoxy-heptadecadiene (6Z,9Z-cis-3,4-epoxy-17∶H). Chirality determination of the monoepoxydiene in gland extracts was impeded by small quantities, but field experiments indicated that maleS. sexmaculata were most strongly attracted to enantiomerically enriched 6Z,9Z-3R,4S-epoxy-17∶H (69% ee), while maleS. neptaria (Guenée) responded well to various blends of theR,S- and S,R-epoxide enantiomers. Binary combinations of theR,S-epoxide enantiomer with 3Z,6Z,9Z-17∶H significantly inhibited response by maleS. sexmaculata, but strongly enhanced attraction of sympatric maleS. marmorata Ferguson. Enantiomerically enriched 6Z,9Z-3R,4S-epoxy-17∶H can be used as a trap bait to monitor populations of the larch-defoliatingS. sexmaculata. Whether 6Z,9Z-3R,4S-epoxy-17∶H serves as single component sex pheromone inS. sexmaculata or small amounts of 6Z,9Z-3S,4R-epoxy-17∶H synergize or suppress optimal attraction, will be tested as chirally pure monoepoxydienes become available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00985014
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