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  • Chemistry  (19)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (1)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 104 (1971), S. 3525-3534 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Cyclisation of Trichloroacrylic AnhydrideTrichloroacrylic anhydride 1 rearranges at 180° into perchloro-α-methyl-itaconic anhydride (2). At 240° in the presence of sulfuric acid perchloro-ethylmaleic anhydride (3) is formed from both anhydrides 1 and 2. Chlorination of 2 and 3 gives the anhydrides 7 respectively 19. 2 is converted by dechlorination into 4 and by action of alkali into perchloro-butadiene-(1.3)-carboxylic acid-(2) (5). The structure of this acid is proven by chlorinolysis to 8 and 9, decarboxylation to 10 and fragmentation to 11. Some 2-substituted pentachlorobutadienes-(1.3) (14) are prepared from 5.  -  Assignment of structure 3 is based on catalytic hydrogenation to 17, dechlorination to perchloro-vinylmaleic acid (20) and quantitative alkali degradation to oxalic acid, acetylene and CO2. The u.v. spectrum rules out the alternative structure 23. A possible mechanism for the rearrangement of 1 into 2 and 3 is discussed.
    Notes: Trichloracrylsäureanhydrid (1) lagert sich bei 180° in Perchlor-α-methyl-itaconsäureanhydrid (2) und bei 240° unter Mitwirkung von Schwefelsäure in Perchlor-äthylmaleinsäureanhydrid (3) um. 3 ist unter den gleichen Bedingungen auch aus 2 erhältlich. Beide Anhydride addieren Chlor zu 7 resp. 19. 2 läßt sich zu 4 dechlorieren. In alkalischer Lösung wandelt sich 2 in die Pentachlorbutadiencarbonsäure 5 um, deren Struktur durch Chlorolyse zu 8 und 9, Decarboxylierung zu 10 und Fragmentierung zu 11 bewiesen wird. Aus 5 werden verschiedene in 2-Stellung substituierte Pentachlorbutadiene-(1.3) (14) dargestellt.  -  Die Konstitution von 3 wird durch katalytische Hydrierung zu 17, Dechlorierung zu Perchlor-vinylmaleinsäure (20) und den quantitativen Alkaliabbau zu Oxalsäure, Acetylen und CO2 erhärtet. Struktur 23 wird durch das UV-Spektrum ausgeschlossen. Ein möglicher Mechanismus für die Umlagerung von 1 in 2 und 3 wird diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Polyhalogenated Bicyclo[4.2.0]octa-1,5,7-trienes, IV. The Principle of Aromatizing Nucleophilic Substitution Exemplified by Reactions of Perchloro-[4.2.0]octa-1,5,7-trieneThe title compound 1 reacts with nucleophilic agents under mild conditions to give the benzocyclobutene derivatives of the general formula 4. LiAlH4 generates 5, for which cis-configuration is proved by an independant synthesis from 2,3,4,5-tetrachloro-1,1-dimethoxycylopentadiene and cis3,4-dichloro-1-cyclobutene via the intermediates 7,8,6. With sodium azide 9 (probably cis-) is formed which splits off nitrogen in boiling xylene to yield perchloroquinoxaline (10). The reaction 1 with phenoxides and thiphenoxides yields the products 11a-h. With bifunctional compounds such as catechol und glycol ring closure to 12 and 15a occurs. In the arylthio derivatives 11e, f the two chlorine atoms can be replaced easily by an ethylenedioxy bridge, indicating cis-configuration of these substances. A general mechanism taking into account stereospecifity and consisting in SN2″-substitution in the first and a modified SN1-type reaction in the second step is suggested.
    Notes: Durch nucleophile Agenzien wird die Titelverbindung 1 sehr leicht in die Benzocyclobuten-derivate 4 umgewandelt. Das LiAlH4-Produkt 5 besitzt cis-Konfiguration, wie seine Synthese aus 2,3,4,5 -Tetrachlor-1,1-dimethoxycyclopentadien und cis-3,4-Dichlor-1-cyclobuten über die Zwischenstufen 7, 8, 6 beweist. Das Diazid 9 (wahrscheinlich cis)-spaltet in siedendem Xylol Stickstoff ab zum Perchlorchinoxalin (10). Mit Phenolaten und Thiophenolaten werden aus 1 die Verbindungen 11a-h erhalten. Die Anwendung bifunktioneller Nucleophile wie Brenzcatechin und Glyclo führt zur Angliederung eines weiteren Ringes (12 bzw. 15a). In den Thiophenol-Derivaten 11e, f lassen sich auf cis-Konfiguration hinweisend die beiden Chloratome leicht durch eine Äthylendioxy-Brücke ersetzen. Es wird ein allgemeiner Mechanismus vorgeschlagen, der die Stereospezifität berücksichtigt und in einer SN2″-Substitution im ersten und einer modifizierten Reaktion vom SNl-Typ im zweiten Schritt besteht.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Skeleton Rearrangement of an α-β-Unsaturated γ,δ-Epoxyketone during Birch Reduction: Structure Elucidation by Means of 13C-INADEQUATE-NMR SpectroscopyWhen the γ-epoxide 2 of β-ionone is treated under standard Birch-reduction conditions, unexpectedly a 70% combined yield of regioisomeric octalones 4 and 5 is isolated. These products unquestionably result form cleavage of the central epoxide C=C bond. The structure of compounds 4 and 5 could be determined by means of 13C-INADEQUATE-NMR spectroscopy.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 119 (1986), S. 1890-1903 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Determination of the Constitution of Highly Chlorinated Organic Compounds via INADEQUATE 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance SpectroscopyBy means of 13C-13C-spin-spin couplings obtained by one- or two-dimensional double quantum coherence NMR spectroscopy with the pulse sequence INADEQUATE it is now possible (a) to assign the 13C NMR signals of known highly chlorinated organic compounds by sure (1-4) and (b) to determine the constitution of unknown highly chlorinated compounds (5-7, 9-12). From the 1JC=C values increments are deduced which allow to predict 1JC=C values of other compounds (Table 7).
    Notes: Mit Hilfe der 13C-13C-Spin-Spin-Kopplungen, gemessen durch ein- oder zweidimensionale Doppelquantenkohärenz-NMR-Spektroskopie mit der Pulsfolge INADEQUATE, gelingt es nunmehr, (a) die 13C-NMR-Signale bekannter hochchlorierter organischer Verbindungen sicher zuzuordnen (1-4) und (b) die Konstitution unbekannter hochchlorierter Verbindungen aufzuklären (5-7, 9-12). Aus den 1JC=C-Werte werden Inkremente hergeleitet, mit denen die 1JC=C-Werte anderer Verbindungen vorhergesagt werden können (Tab. 7).
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 121 (1988), S. 295-297 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Distinction of Symmetrically Substituted Carbocyclic Compounds by 13C, 13C Spin-Spin Coupling. Comparison of Conventional and INADEQUATE13C-NMR Spectroscopy13C,13C spin-spin couplings allow an easy distinction of symmetrically substituted carbocyclic compounds. On the basis of the number and ratio of 13C,13C satellite pairs, for instance head to head and head to tail products of photodimerisations can be distinguished. The informations derived from a conventional and an INADEQUATE 13C-NMR spectrum are compared.
    Notes: 13C,13C-Spin-Spin-Kopplungen gestatten eine einfache Unterscheidung symmetrisch substituierter Kohlenstoffringe. Man zählt Anzahl und Verhältnis der 13C,13C-Satellitenpaare im 13C-NMR-Spektrum und kann z.B. bei Photodimerisierungen zwischen Kopf-Kopf- und Kopf-Schwanz-Produkten unterscheiden. Es wird die Aussagekraft der herkömmlichen mit der INADEQUATE-13C-NMR-Spektroskopie verglichen.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 183 (1982), S. 2971-2976 
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Preparation and characterization (by IR and 1H NMR spectroscopy) of isomeric methacrylic acid and acrylic acid derivatives of the herbicide 3-amino-1,2,4-traizole are described. Their radical polymerization and copolymerization with styrene or methyl methacrylate give polymers containing the herbicide moiety as pendant groups bound via acyl groups at the amino group or at the ring nitrogen. The reactivity ratios were determined for the isomeric methacrylic compounds.
    Additional Material: 2 Tab.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The radical copolymerization of 1-acryloyl- and 1-methacryloyl-3-methylpyrazole (1a and 1b) with acrylic acid or methacrylic acid in solution was studied. Copolymers containing carboxyl as well as 3-methyl-1-pyrazolylcarbonyl groups as side chains were prepared via the reaction of 3(5)-methylpyrazole with activated poly(acrylic acid)s of various molecular weights. The hydrolysis data suggest that the release rates of the biocide 3(5)-methylpyrazole from the investigated copolymers vary significantly depending on the content of carboxyl groups and their change during the hydrolysis.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die aus dem Herbizid Amitrol durch Acylierung mit Phenyl- und 4-Nitrophenyl-phosphordichloridat sowie mit Phosphorylchlorid hergestellten N-phosphorylierten 3-Amino-1,2,4-triazole wurden reversibel an Polyvinylalkohol gebunden, um eine kontrollierte Freisetzung des aktiven Agens zu erreichen.4-N,N′-Dimethylaminopyridin wurde als Katalysator für die polymeranalogen Veresterungen eingesetzt. IR-, 1H-NMR- und 31P-NMR-Analysen der Polymeren legen eine Bindung der herbiziden Einheit als Seitengruppen über Phosphatreste an den Ring-Stickstoff nahe. Vergleichende Hydrolyseversuche zeigten den Einfluß des Substitutionsgrades von PVAL und der Modifizierung der Phosphor-Triazolid-Bindung auf die hydrolytische Freisetzung von Amitrol.
    Notes: N-Phosphorylated 3-amino-1,2,4-triazoles, prepared from the herbicide amitrole by acylation with phenyl- and 4-nitrophenyl phosphorodichloridate, respectively, as well as with phosphoryl chloride were reversibly linked to poly(vinyl alcohol) designed for controlled release of the active agent.4-N,N′-Dimethylaminopyridine was used as catalyst for the polymeranalogous esterification reactions. IR, 1H-NMR, and 31P-NMR analyses of polymers suggest attachment of the herbicide moiety as pendant groups bound via phosphate groups at the ring nitrogen. Comparative hydrolysis studies demonstrated the influence of the substitution degree of PVAL and of the modification of the phosphorus-to-triazolide linkage upon the hydrolytic release of amitrole.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1482-1485 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Synthesis and 1H NMR Spectrum of a Tetramethylated 1,2,4,5-Tetraaza-3,6-diphosphacyclohexane DerivativeThe reaction of phenoxythiophosphoryl dichloride with 1,2-dimethylhydrazine yields the new 1,2,4,5-tetraaza-3,6-diphosphacyclohexane derivative 2. The 1H NMR spectrum of the N-methyl groups can be interpreted as an AX6A′X′6 spin system. The coupling constants 3J(PH), 4J(PH), and 3J(PP) are derived from a calculated spectrum.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 112 (1979), S. 1473-1476 
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A New, Convenient Synthesis of Highly Acidic TetraarylpropenesFluorene, substituted fluorenes and azafluorenes, respectively, react with acetonitrile in the presence of powdered potassium hydroxide and molecular oxygen to give tetraarylpropenes in good yields.
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