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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (90)
  • Chemical Engineering  (26)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY  (21)
  • Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy  (20)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of mathematical tools for metabolic design of microbial ethanol production (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 58 (1998), S. 154-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: central carbon pathways ; metabolic optimization ; ethanol production ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Many attempts to engineer cellular metabolism have failed due to the complexity of cellular functions. Mathematical and computational methods are needed that can organize the available experimental information, and provide insight and guidance for successful metabolic engineering. Two such methods are reviewed here. Both methods employ a (log)linear kinetic model of metabolism that is constructed based on enzyme kinetics characteristics. The first method allows the description of the dynamic responses of metabolic systems subject to spatiotemporal variations in their parameters. The second method considers the product-oriented, constrained optimization of metabolic reaction networks using mixed-integer linear programming methods. The optimization framework is used in order to identify the combinations of the metabolic characteristics of the glycolytic enzymes from yeast and bacteria that will maximize ethanol production. The methods are also applied to the design of microbial ethanol production metabolism. The results of the calculations are in qualitative agreement with experimental data presented here. Experiments and calculations suggest that, in resting Escherichia coli cells, ethanol production and glucose uptake rates can be increased by 30% and 20%, respectively, by overexpression of a deregulated pyruvate kinase, while increase in phosphofructokinase expression levels has no effect on ethanol production and glucose uptake rates. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 58:154-161, 1998.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antisense strategies for glycosylation engineering of Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells (1998)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 59 (1998), S. 445-450 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: CHO cells ; glycosylation engineering ; antisense ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Novel glycoproteins, inaccessible by other techniques, can be obtained by metabolic engineering of the oligosaccharide biosynthesis pathway. Furthermore, alteration of cell-surface oligosaccharides can change the properties of receptors involved in cell-cell adhesion. Sialyl Lewis X (sLex) is a cell-surface oligosaccharide determinant which is specifically expressed on granulocytes and monocytes and which interacts with selectins to influence leukocyte trafficking, thrombosis, inflammation, and cancer. Antisense technology targeting fucosyltransferase VI (Fuc-TVI), an enzyme necessary for the synthesis of the sLex in engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, has reduced Fuc-TVI activity, sLex synthesis, and adhesion to endothelial cells. Antisense methodology to reduce targeted activity in oligosaccharide biosynthesis or other pathways is an important addition to CHO cell metabolic engineering capabilities. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 59:445-450, 1998.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of native neutral glycosphingolipids by combined high performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (1987)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 14 (1987), S. 149-153 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6134
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Conditions for normal phase high performance liquid chromatrography-chemical ionization mass spectrometry of underivatized glycosphingolipids with the use of a moving belt transport interface were investigated. Chromatography was performed on a 2 mm ID × 3 cm column packed with 5 μm spherical silica. A gradient of increasing methanol and water in methylene chloride was used to resolve mono-, di-, tri-, and tetraglycosylceramides and sulfatides in less than 15 min. A polyimide belt was used to transport the sample residues to the mass spectrometer where ammonia chemical ionization mass spectrometry was used to obtain spectra. One to 5 μg of each component was sufficient to obtain full spectral scans. Mono- and dihexosylceramide spectra showed [M + H]+ ions of good abundance, while the higher glycosphingolipids have molecular weights that exceed the range of the mass spectrometer utilized. All glycosphingolipids gave ions characteristic of their ceramide, fatty acid, long chain base and carbohydrate components. Sequence information which reflected the relative position of hexose and N-acetylhexosamine residues was also obtained.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bms.1200140403
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aggregation kinetics in salt-induced protein precipitation (1989)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 35 (1989), S. 1779-1790 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The kinetics of protein aggregation in salt-induced precipitation processes were studied as a function of salt type, salt concentration, temperature and protein concentration. α-chymotrypsin (αCT) was used as a model protein. Stopped-flow turbidimetry was used to monitor the progress of precipitations. Analysis of the linear portions of the turbidity trajectories indicates that temperature and salt concentration effects are related to protein solubility; the protein concentration dependence is well described by the Smoluchowski collision equation. The aggregation kinetics of partially-inhibited αCT exhibit poisoning behavior, underscoring the importance of dimerization and monomer addition in the precipitation of αCT. Solute particle radius distributions determined via dynamic laser light scattering for low salt and supernatant αCT solutions indicated that significant aggregation does not occur in the absence of supersaturation. A detailed population balance model was proposed that accounted for specific and nonspecific interactions and monomer addition. The model is expected to find general application to protein aggregation phenomena, in particular for proteins that have specific quaternary interactions.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690351104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of inlet conditions on scalar statistics in pipe mixing (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 1947-1954 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Recent experimental validation of theoretical and numerical predictions regarding scalar variance decay in a pipe have revealed that the traditional plug-flow reactor picture of pipe flow omits key physical mechanisms. In particular, the far-field decay exhibits a power law rather than exponential decay. These observations are examined by performing a set of experiments where the manner in which the scalar constituents are introduced into the pipe is varied. Significant differences are noted in the behavior of the variance decay until the very far field is reached, where an invariant power-law form emerges.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430804
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of purification reactions for minimizing reaction-generated enzyme poisoniong (1978)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 20 (1978), S. 1249-1265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model has been employed to examine the interplay of reaction and mass transfer in immobilized enzyme systems involving reaction-generated enzyme poisons. Deactivation rates can be significantly reduced in some cases by catalyzing a purification reaction in which the poison is transformed into an innocuous substance. This conclusion is illustrated experimentally for reaction-generated H2O2 in a continuous-flow stirred slurry reactor containing glucose oxidase immobilized on activated carbon.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260200810
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of fermentation processes using flow microfluorometry: Amylase and protease activities in Bacillis subtilis batch cultures (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 22 (1980), S. 1657-1669 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Flow microfluorometry, which provides detailed information on the state of a microbial population, has been employed to characterize the Bacillus subtilis population during time intervals in which significant changes in the culture amylase activity occur. Four different batch experiments have been conducted, and the influences of inoculum age, fermentation temperature, and aeration rate on microbial population dynamics and amylase activity have been examined. Relatively high rates of amylase activity increase are observed twice during the batch, first as double cells initiate sporulation and later during germination. Rapid decreases in amylase activity are observed in highly (25-50%) sporulated populations, and in at least one experiment, during a transition from large, rounded protoplast forms to normal rod morphology. Amylase and protease activities do not follow parallel nor proportional trajectories in these 72 hr batch fermentations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260220809
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid stability in budding yeast populations: Steady-state growth with selection pressure (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 528-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Plasmid gene product accumulation in a cell population depends on the fraction of plasmid-containing cells and the distribution of single-cell plasmid content. These important population properties have been related to plasmid replication regulation and kinetics and to plasmid segregation rules at the single-cell level using population balance mathematical models. Budding yeast populations are considered in detail because of the practical potential of yeast host-vector systems and because of the model complications introduced by the asymmetric division pattern observed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae at all but the largest growth rates. Solutions are presented for several different reasonable models of plasmid replication and segregation. The results offer potential for identification of important qualitative features of yeast plasmid replication and of model parameter values from average and segregated experimental data on yeast populations.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260519
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid stability in budding yeast populations: Dynamics following a shift to nonselective medium (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 814-819 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260260732
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetically structured models forlac promoter-operator function in the Escherichia coli chromosome and in multicopy plasmids: Lac operator function (1984)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 26 (1984), S. 1372-1382 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A mathematical model based on known molecular interactions has been formulated to describe quantitatively regulation of expression of the lactose (lac) operon in the Escherichia coli chromosome and in multicopy plasmids. This model is genetically structured such that a nucleotide sequence change affecting transcription initiation at the lac promoter-operator influences one or very few directly corresponding model parameters. The model simulates chromosomal lac operon function in good agreement with previous experimental measurements for many lacl and lacO mutant systems as well as for diploid cells which carry F'lac episomes. Simulation results clearly show the loss of cloned lac operator regulation as the plasmid copy number increases, in agreement with experimental trends. The importance of this class of models in designing DNAs, organisms, and reactors for precise regulation of cloned gene expression is discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260261115
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