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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1998-02-21
    Description: Protein kinase B (PKB) is activated in response to phosphoinositide 3-kinases and their lipid products phosphatidylinositol 3,4, 5-trisphosphate [PtdIns(3,4,5)P3] and PtdIns(3,4)P2 in the signaling pathways used by a wide variety of growth factors, antigens, and inflammatory stimuli. PKB is a direct target of these lipids, but this regulation is complex. The lipids can bind to the pleckstrin homologous domain of PKB, causing its translocation to the membrane, and also enable upstream, Thr308-directed kinases to phosphorylate and activate PKB. Four isoforms of these PKB kinases were purified from sheep brain. They bound PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 and associated with lipid vesicles containing it. These kinases contain an NH2-terminal catalytic domain and a COOH-terminal pleckstrin homologous domain, and their heterologous expression augments receptor activation of PKB, which suggests they are the primary signal transducers that enable PtdIns(3,4,5)P3 or PtdIns- (3,4)P2 to activate PKB and hence to control signaling pathways regulating cell survival, glucose uptake, and glycogen metabolism.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Stephens, L -- Anderson, K -- Stokoe, D -- Erdjument-Bromage, H -- Painter, G F -- Holmes, A B -- Gaffney, P R -- Reese, C B -- McCormick, F -- Tempst, P -- Coadwell, J -- Hawkins, P T -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Jan 30;279(5351):710-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Inositide Laboratory, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB2 4AT, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9445477" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 3-Phosphoinositide-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Cell Line ; Cell Membrane/enzymology ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA, Complementary ; Drosophila ; Drosophila Proteins ; Enzyme Activation ; Humans ; Liposomes/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Open Reading Frames ; Phosphatidylinositol Phosphates/*metabolism ; Phosphorylation ; Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins/*metabolism ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt ; Rats ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Sheep ; *Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2001-06-02
    Description: Acetylation of core histone tails plays a fundamental role in transcription regulation. In addition to acetylation, other posttranslational modifications, such as phosphorylation and methylation, occur in core histone tails. Here, we report the purification, molecular identification, and functional characterization of a histone H4-specific methyltransferase PRMT1, a protein arginine methyltransferase. PRMT1 specifically methylates arginine 3 (Arg 3) of H4 in vitro and in vivo. Methylation of Arg 3 by PRMT1 facilitates subsequent acetylation of H4 tails by p300. However, acetylation of H4 inhibits its methylation by PRMT1. Most important, a mutation in the S-adenosyl-l-methionine-binding site of PRMT1 substantially crippled its nuclear receptor coactivator activity. Our finding reveals Arg 3 of H4 as a novel methylation site by PRMT1 and indicates that Arg 3 methylation plays an important role in transcriptional regulation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wang, H -- Huang, Z Q -- Xia, L -- Feng, Q -- Erdjument-Bromage, H -- Strahl, B D -- Briggs, S D -- Allis, C D -- Wong, J -- Tempst, P -- Zhang, Y -- GM63067-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA08748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Aug 3;293(5531):853-7. Epub 2001 May 31.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7295, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11387442" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acetylation ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Arginine/*metabolism ; Binding Sites ; Cell Nucleus/metabolism ; HeLa Cells ; Histones/chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Hydroxamic Acids/pharmacology ; Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; Lysine/metabolism ; Methylation ; Methyltransferases/chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification/*metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation ; Oocytes ; Protein-Arginine N-Methyltransferases ; Receptors, Androgen/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; S-Adenosylmethionine/metabolism ; *Transcriptional Activation ; Xenopus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2002-01-19
    Description: Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) mounts a stubborn defense against oxidative and nitrosative components of the immune response. Dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (Lpd) and dihydrolipoamide succinyltransferase (SucB) are components of alpha-ketoacid dehydrogenase complexes that are central to intermediary metabolism. We find that Lpd and SucB support Mtb's antioxidant defense. The peroxiredoxin alkyl hydroperoxide reductase (AhpC) is linked to Lpd and SucB by an adaptor protein, AhpD. The 2.0 angstrom AhpD crystal structure reveals a thioredoxin-like active site that is responsive to lipoamide. We propose that Lpd, SucB (the only lipoyl protein detected in Mtb), AhpD, and AhpC together constitute a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced)-dependent peroxidase and peroxynitrite reductase. AhpD thus represents a class of thioredoxin-like molecules that enables an antioxidant defense.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bryk, R -- Lima, C D -- Erdjument-Bromage, H -- Tempst, P -- Nathan, C -- HL61241/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA08748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Feb 8;295(5557):1073-7. Epub 2002 Jan 17.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11799204" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acyltransferases/*metabolism ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Antioxidants ; Binding Sites ; Catalysis ; Cloning, Molecular ; Crystallization ; Crystallography, X-Ray ; Dihydrolipoamide Dehydrogenase/*metabolism ; Hydrogen Bonding ; Hydrogen Peroxide/metabolism ; Models, Molecular ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis/*enzymology/genetics/metabolism ; NAD/metabolism ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Oxidoreductases/*metabolism ; Peroxidases/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Peroxiredoxins ; Peroxynitrous Acid/metabolism ; Protein Conformation ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Thioctic Acid/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Thioredoxins/chemistry/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 1991-09-23
    Description: The Rel-associated protein pp40 is functionally related to I kappa B, an inhibitor of the transcription factor NF-kappa B. Purified pp40 inhibits the DNA binding activity of the NF-kappa B protein complex (p50:p65 heterodimers), p50:c-Rel heteromers, and c-Rel homodimers. The sequence of the complementary DNA encoding pp40 revealed similarity to the gene encoding MAD-3, a protein with mammalian I kappa B-like activity. Protein sequencing of I kappa B purified from rabbit lung confirmed that MAD-3 encodes a protein similar to I kappa B. The sequence similarity between MAD-3 and pp40 includes a casein kinase II and consensus tyrosine phosphorylation site, as well as five repeats of a sequence found in the human erythrocyte protein ankyrin. These results suggest that rel-related transcription factors, which are capable of cytosolic to nuclear translocation, may be held in the cytosol by interaction with related cytoplasmic anchor molecules.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, N -- Ghosh, S -- Simmons, D L -- Tempst, P -- Liou, H C -- Baltimore, D -- Bose, H R Jr -- CA09583/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA2616/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- CA33192/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1991 Sep 13;253(5025):1268-71.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Microbiology, University of Texas, Austin 78712.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1891714" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Base Sequence ; Cells, Cultured ; Chick Embryo ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA Probes ; Molecular Sequence Data ; NF-kappa B/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Oligonucleotide Probes ; Oncogene Proteins v-rel ; Open Reading Frames ; Phosphoproteins/*genetics/metabolism ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors ; RNA, Messenger/genetics ; Retroviridae Proteins, Oncogenic/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid ; Transcription Factors/*antagonists & inhibitors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Publication Date: 1995-12-08
    Description: Telomeres are multifunctional elements that shield chromosome ends from degradation and end-to-end fusions, prevent activation of DNA damage checkpoints, and modulate the maintenance of telomeric DNA by telomerase. A major protein component of human telomeres has been identified and cloned. This factor, TRF, contains one Myb-type DNA-binding repeat and an amino-terminal acidic domain. Immunofluorescent labeling shows that TRF specifically colocalizes with telomeric DNA in human interphase cells and is located at chromosome ends during metaphase. The presence of TRF along the telomeric TTAGGG repeat array demonstrates that human telomeres form a specialized nucleoprotein complex.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chong, L -- van Steensel, B -- Broccoli, D -- Erdjument-Bromage, H -- Hanish, J -- Tempst, P -- de Lange, T -- GM49046/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA08748-29/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Dec 8;270(5242):1663-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory for Cell Biology and Genetics, Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10021, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7502076" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Base Sequence ; Cell Nucleus/chemistry ; Cloning, Molecular ; DNA-Binding Proteins/analysis/*chemistry/genetics/isolation & purification ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Interphase ; Metaphase ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid ; Sequence Alignment ; Telomere/*chemistry ; Transfection
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 1996-09-20
    Description: Progress through the cell cycle is governed by the cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs), the activation of which requires phosphorylation by the CDK-activating kinase (CAK). In vertebrates, CAK is a trimeric enzyme containing CDK7, cyclin H, and MAT1. CAK from the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was identified as an unusual 44-kilodalton protein kinase, Cak1, that is only distantly related to CDKs. Cak1 accounted for most CAK activity in yeast cell lysates, and its activity was constant throughout the cell cycle. The CAK1 gene was essential for cell viability. Thus, the major CAK in S. cerevisiae is distinct from the vertebrate enzyme, suggesting that budding yeast and vertebrates may have evolved different mechanisms of CDK activation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Espinoza, F H -- Farrell, A -- Erdjument-Bromage, H -- Tempst, P -- Morgan, D O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 20;273(5282):1714-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco, 94143-0444, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8781234" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; *CDC2-CDC28 Kinases ; CDC28 Protein Kinase, S cerevisiae/metabolism ; Cell Cycle ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 2 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases/metabolism ; Enzyme Activation ; Gene Deletion ; Genes, Fungal ; Humans ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Molecular Weight ; Phosphorylation ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases/*chemistry/genetics/isolation & ; purification/*metabolism ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/chemistry/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*enzymology/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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