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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation and degradation of 1,4-polybutadiene via metathesis: new results concerning cyclic oligomersPresented at the International Symposium on Olefin Metathesis and Polymerization (ISOM) 10 Tihany-Veszprém (Hungary) 27. 06.-02. 07. 1993. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Macromolecular Chemistry and Physics 196 (1995), S. 1043-1050 
    Details
    ISSN: 1022-1352
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) of cyclic oligomers of butadiene (c,c-1,5-cyclooctadiene  -  COD  - , t,t,t-1,5,9-cyclododecatriene  -  CDT  - ), the acyclic diene metathesis (ADMET) of 1,5-hexadiene and the intramolecular metathesis degradation of 1,4-polybutadiene (1,4-BR) were studied using stable tungsten and molybdenum carbene complexes as well as conventional metathesis catalysts. The determination of cyclic oligomers up to rings containing eight butadiene units shows, compared to the literature, different results regarding the distribution, concentration and cis/trans ratio. Kinetic studies of the ROMP of COD and the intramolecular metathesis of 1,4-BR allow to explain the discrepancy. The ROMP product spectrum for the cyclobutene system known and accepted until now in the literature as ring-chain equilibrium is controlled kinetically and far apart from thermodynamic equilibrium according to our results.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1995.021960407
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  • 2
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    Comment on "ApoE-directed therapeutics rapidly clear beta-amyloid and reverse deficits in AD mouse models" (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-05-25
    Description: Cramer et al. (Reports, 23 March 2012, p. 1503; published online 9 February 2012) reported that bexarotene rapidly reduces beta-amyloid (Abeta) levels and plaque burden in two mouse models of Abeta deposition in Alzheimer's disease (AD). We now report that, although bexarotene reduces soluble Abeta40 levels in one of the mouse models, the drug has no impact on plaque burden in three strains that exhibit Abeta amyloidosis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Veeraraghavalu, Karthikeyan -- Zhang, Can -- Miller, Sean -- Hefendehl, Jasmin K -- Rajapaksha, Tharinda W -- Ulrich, Jason -- Jucker, Mathias -- Holtzman, David M -- Tanzi, Rudolph E -- Vassar, Robert -- Sisodia, Sangram S -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):924-f. doi: 10.1126/science.1235505.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23704555" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Alzheimer Disease/*drug therapy/*metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Peptides/*metabolism ; Animals ; Apolipoproteins E/*metabolism ; Brain/*metabolism ; Male ; Tetrahydronaphthalenes/*pharmacology/*therapeutic use
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilayer lipid membranes as electrochemical detectors for flow injection immunoanalysis (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 1082-1089 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Immunological reaction ; Bilayer lipid membranes ; Flow injection ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Antibody regeneration ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This work describes the use of filter-supported stabilized bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) for the rapid electrochemical monitoring of an immunological reaction in flowing solution streams. BLMs were prepared from egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) and dipalmitoyl phosphatidic acid (DPPA) and the ultrafiltration membranes used were composed of glass microfibers. Thyroxin (T4)/anti-rabbit T4 was used as a representative immunological reaction for these studies. Antibody was incorporated into a floating lipid matrix at an air-electrolyte interface, and then a casting procedure was used to deliver the lipid onto the filter supports for BLM formation. Injections of antigen were made into flowing streams of a carrier electrolyte solution. Experiments were done in a stopped-flow mode using lipid mixtures containing 15% (w/w) DPPA to provide only a single transient current signal with a magnitude related to the antigen concentration. Differential scanning calorimetric experiments provided evidence that the antibody-lipid interactions at the BLMs occurred through electrostatic interactions. BLMs containing 35% DPPA were used to examine regeneration of the active sites of antibody after complex formation by washing with the carrier electrolyte solution. Repetitive cycles of injection of antigen followed by regeneration of antibody binding activity have shown that the maximum number of cycles is about 5, followed by a degradation of signal for a larger number of injections. However, the sensor can also be easily regenerated by recasting of the existing lipid/antibody film at the air-electrolyte interface to form fresh BLMs.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140071116
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A carbon dioxide biosensor based on hemoglobin incorporated in metal supported bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs): Investigations for enhancement of response characteristics by using platelet-activating factor (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 9 (1997), S. 1043-1048 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Electrochemistry ; Minisensor ; Self-assembled bilayer lipid membranes ; Hemoglobin ; Carbon dioxide ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The present article reports the development of a novel electrochemical carbon dioxide minisenso based on hemoglobin which is incorporated into self-assembled bilayer lipid membranes (s-BLMs) on a metal support. The presence of carbon dioxide in solution was found to modulate the ion conductivity of BLMs containing hemoglobin, when using a lipid composition containing egg phosphatidylcholine (egg PC) and dipalmitoylphosphatidic acid (DPPA). The use of stabilized metal-supported BLMs has allowed the electrochemical investigation of the reversibility of the response to carbon dioxide and of hemoglobin binding to lipid membranes. The effects of hemoglobin concentration, composition of BLMs in DPPA and pH on the sensitivity of the response were examined. The sensor provides the advantages of fast response times (on the order of ca. 10 s) to alterations of carbon dioxide concentration, low detection limits (ca. 0.4 × 10-6 M) and capability of analysing small sample volumes. Semisynthetic platelet-activating factor (PAF; 1-O-alkyl-2-acetyl-sn-glyceryl-3-phosphorylcholine, AGEPC) was found to improve the response characteristics of the carbon dioxide sensor (i.e., decrease of the detection limit to nM range and increase of the dynamic range of carbon dioxide determination). The biosensor was routinely mechanically stable and functional for over 48 h. During this time it showed reproducible sensitivity and response to a given concentration of carbon dioxide in solution.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140091403
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Detection of DNA hybridization using self-assembled bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) (1997)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 9 (1997), S. 1067-1071 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Electrochemistry ; Biosensor ; Self-assembled bilayer lipid membranes ; Nucleic acid hybridization ; Transduction ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The present work reports the use of self assembled bilayer lipid membranes supported on the surface of a metal (s-BLMs) as transducers for the direct electrochemical monitoring of DNA hybridization. Characterized oligomers based on single stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (ssDNA) thymidylic acid icosanucleotides that were terminated with C16 (dT20-C16) and deoxyadenylic acid icosanucleotides (dA20) were used for the hybridization procedure at the lipid membrane surface. The decrease of the ion conductivity observed during the hybridization procedure is indicative of the formation of the duplex, which may subsequently be excluded from the membrane. The incorporation of nucleic acids into the lipid matrix was investigated by differential scanning calorimetric (DSC) experiments. The present simple electrochemical biosensor for monitoring of DNA hybridization was regenerable for multiple cycles of application. This approach provides low detection limits for DNA (a few hundreds of fmol), fast response times (on the order of a few minutes), mild conditions of hybridization and capability of analyzing small volumes of sample.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140091407
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilayer lipid membranes for electrochemical sensing (1993)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 5 (1993), S. 539-545 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Bilayer lipid membranes ; electrochemistry ; biosensor ; transduction ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs) are described as selective and sensitive electrochemical transducers for inorganic ions and organic species. The electrostatic properties of BLMs, which are significant in controlling ion permeation processes, and the possible mechanisms for signal generation are presented herein. Operation of a BLM-based transducer hinges on a selective interaction between analyte in aqueous solution and membrane-embedded receptors; as a result, the electrostatic fields and/or the physical phase structure of the membrane alters, leading to an analytical signal (most commonly conductivity changes) which can be related to the analyte concentration. Examples of electrochemical sensors based on this principle and efforts to stabilize these bilayer membranes are presented in this review article.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140050703
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilized bilayer lipid membranes for flow-through experiments (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Electroanalysis 7 (1995), S. 531-536 
    Details
    ISSN: 1040-0397
    Keywords: Biosensors ; Bilayer lipid membranes ; Stabilization ; Flow-through injection ; Differential scanning calorimetry ; Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: This work reports a technique for the stabilization of solventless bilayer lipid membranes (BLMs), and the use of stabilized BLMS as flow detectors. Microporous filters composed of glass fibers, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polycarbonate (nominal pore sizes from 1 to 5 μM) can serve as interfaces that separate two solution compartments. The micropores in the filter media can act as supports for formation and stabilization of BLMs. One of the solution compartments is used to cast lipid films on the filters, while a carrier electrolyte solution concurrently flows through the opposing compartment. Optimization of the flow cell design, and the chemical composition and methods for preparation of stabilized BLMs, are described. Lipid membranes composed of mixtures of phosphatidyl choline and phosphatidic acid could respond rapidly to pH alterations of the carrier electrolyte solution. Signals would reproducibly appear within a few seconds following the injection of an electrolyte of different pH than the carrier. Signals took the form of a single ion current transient with magnitude of tens of picoamperes (pA) and a duration of seconds. The mechanism of signal generation is explored by differential scanning calorimetry. The results show that a phase transition within a lipid membrane can be triggered by pH alterations of the electrolyte solution. Stabilized BLMs which provide artificial ion gating events hold prospects for chemical sensing of process streams.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/elan.1140070605
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eine Apparatur zur kontinuierlichen Stofftrennung mittels gerichteter Kristallisation (1992)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 64 (1992), S. 842-844 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cite.3306409109
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